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Journal : Indonesian Chimica Letters

Effect of Zeolite Concentration on Hydrogel Characteristics of Arrowroot-Based Starch-G-Poly(Acrylic Acid)/Zeolite Composite Sjaifullah, Achmad; Saputra, Beny Akhmat; Adiwinata, I Nyoman; Santoso, Agung Budi; Busroni; Reza, Muhammad
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (856.304 KB) | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v1i2.201

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize a hydrogel zeolite composite of arrowroot starch graft copolymerized with acrylic acid through a radical polymerization reaction in a water. Various scenarios were tested using different natural zeolite concentration to determine the impact on swelling/water absorption of the composite. The resulting product was a solid gel-the test results showed that the swelling increased as the ratio of starch to acrylic acid decreased. Increased starch concentrations generally lead to decreased water absorption (swelling capacity). Adding a zeolite improved swelling to some extent and the optimum zeolite concentration was 60%. The increased concentration of zeolite also hardened the hydrogel composite. The highest swelling in the hydrogel composite of starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/zeolite 60% is 1056.25 g.g-1. FTIR analysis of functional groups was conducted to determine differences in the IR spectra of arrowroot starch, acrylic acid, hydrogels, zeolites, and composite hydrogel. Si-O signal appearing on the IR spectra of hydrogel composite with wave number 1030 cm-1 indicates that composite hydrogel with zeolite was synthesized
Effect of pH and Incubation Time on Dissolved Nitrogen During Autolityc Degradation of Chicken Intestine Aulia, Eldiani; Sjaifullah, Achmad; Handayani, Wuryanti; Busroni; Oktavianawati , Ika; Reza, Muhammad
Indonesian Chimica Letters Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/icl.v2i1.372

Abstract

Chicken intestine is a part of internal organs, which are rich in protein and protease enzymes. The protease enzyme could self-degrade (autolytic degradation process) proteins in the chicken intestine at an appropriate pH and incubation time. This process produces a shorter chain polypeptide having a higher solubility protein called protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates have shown a good impact in foods and health applications. In this study, the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine was carried out to obtain protein hydrolysates. The effect of pH and incubation time on the dissolved nitrogen (%N) and protein content ([protein]) in hydrolysate from the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine explained in this paper. The incubation pH used in this study was 2.5, 3.5, 5.5., and 6.3 while the the incubation time was 0, 6, 12, and 18 h. Chicken intestine was incubated for 18 h at several different pHs, and the % N and protein content were determined by using Formol titration and Bradford methods, respectively, within       6 h intervals. It was obtained the % N and [protein] content increase at pH 2.5 and 3.5 during 18 h of incubation time and they were decreased at a higher pH. The optimum % N and [protein] content were 5.98±0.51 % and 25.3±0.04 mg mL-1, respectively, obtained at pH of 2.5 during 18 h incubation time.