This study explores the relationship between Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Cost to Operating Income (BOPO) to Profitability moderated by Non-Performing Loans (NPL) at banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The type of methodology used is quantitative-based, the population in this study is all Conventional Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020 - 2022 as many as 43, sampling techniques using the purposive judgement sampling method with a total sample of 42 companies. The analysis used regression panel data with the help of Eviews 13 Software. The results of the analysis provide evidence that Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has a negative insignificant effect on Profitability, Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO) has a negative and significant effect on Profitability, Non-Performing Loans (NPL) cannot moderate the relationship between Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) to Profitability while Non-Performing Loans (NPL) are proven to moderate the relationship of Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO) to Profitability.