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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022" : 10 Documents clear
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with sensory neural hearing loss as a complication: A 24-month follow up after the initiation of hypothermia therapy Melda Melda; Endy P. Prawirohartono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.72-8

Abstract

Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most common causes of newborn mortality, with an incidence of two to five cases per 1,000 live births in developed countries and tenfold in developing countries.1,2 Lack of oxygen at birth may cause hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with severe neurological consequences, such as cerebral palsy, global developmental delay, blindness or visual defects, hearing loss or deafness, and other comorbidities. Hypothermia therapy is currently the only management option for HIE included in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) protocols.3 We report here a 24-month follow up of a full-term infant with moderate HIE who underwent hypothermia therapy for 72 hours. The patient had moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at her first brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) examination at 5 months of age, but had normal hearing and neurodevelopment after 24 months of follow-up.
The role of clinical diagnostic criteria for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children: A case report Irawan Mangunatmadja; Ricca Fauziyah; Achmad Rafli
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.66-71

Abstract

Encephalitis is a neurological disorder that develops rapidly into a progressive encephalopathy caused by inflammatory processes in the brain. The incidence of encephalitis in developed countries is 5-10 per 100,000 per year. Encephalitis can affect all ages and cause long-term effects on patients, their families, and society.1-3 Autoimmune encephalitis, including anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of encephalitis in children and has a considerable mortality rate of 5-7%.4 Physicians should suspect anti-NMDAR encephalitis in patients with prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms and movement disorder.1-3 We report here a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and discuss the role of clinical criteria in diagnosing anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children.
Prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with beta thalassemia major: a systematic review and meta-analysis Amar Taksande; Yash Dalal; Himanshi Jindal; Taksande Bharati
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.7-26

Abstract

Background Many studies have been conducted on heart, liver, and endocrine abnormalities in thalassemia; however, studies on pulmonary dysfunction (PD) have been limited. Previous studies on the prevalence of restrictive lung disease (RLD) and obstructive lung disease (OLD) in β-thalassemia major patients have lacked agreement. Objective To assess the prevalence of PD in β-thalassemia major patients by systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Methods We searched Cochrane library, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase for relevant articles. Articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria and data were extracted. The primary outcome was prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction in β-thalassemia major with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Subgroup analyses were applied to explore the prevalence in different age groups, regions, and serum ferritin levels. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment were also conducted. Results A total of 37 studies comprising 1,467 cases were included in this analysis. Pulmonary dysfunction was present in 64.7% (95%CI 57.6 to 71.1) of cases. The pooled prevalence of RLD (44.9%) was higher than that of OLD (7.6%) and diffusion impairment (DI) (35.6%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the region with the highest pooled prevalence of PD was the Americas (75.2%). The highest prevalence of RLD and DI was found in Asia (48.2% and 44.6%, respectively) and that of OLD in Europe (9.7%). Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled results were robust. Conclusion A high prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction, mainly RLD rather than OLD, was detected in β-thalassemia major patients.
Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury in children with severe malaria Folake Moriliat Afolayan; Olanrewaju Timothy Adedoyin; Mohammed Baba Abdulkadir; Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim; Sikiru Abayomi Biliaminu; Olugbenga Ayodeji Mokuolu; Ayodele Ojuawo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.44-50

Abstract

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underrecognized complication of severe malaria and an independent risk factor for mortality among children. Objective To determine the incidence and factors predictive of AKI as defined by the pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage (pRIFLE) criteria in children with severe malaria and to assess in-hospital mortality rates in malarial AKI (MAKI). Methods This was a prospective cohort study in 170 children aged 0.5 to 14 years with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum on peripheral blood smears and clinical and/or laboratory features of severe malaria. Serum creatinine was determined using the Jaffe method and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Schwartz equation. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI as defined by the pRIFLE criteria. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality comparison between AKI and non-AKI groups, as well as factors predictive of AKI. Results The incidence of MAKI was 61.2% (104/170) and was comparable between males (66.7%) and females (70.6%). Mean eGFR was lower among children with AKI than those without [42.00 (SD 22) vs. 98.7 (SD 3.9) mL/min/1.73m2, respectively; P=0.005]. Children with MAKI were categorized as having risk (47/104; 45.2%), injury (33/104; 31.7%), or failure (24/104; 23.1%). Mortality rates in AKI and non-AKI subjects were comparable (4.8% vs. 4.6%; P=0.888). Predictors of MAKI were hemoglobinuria [adjusted OR (aOR) 3.948; 95%CI 1.138 to 8.030], deep acidotic breathing (aOR 2.991; 95%CI 3.549 to 66.898), and longer hospital stay (aOR 2.042; 95%CI 3.617 to 12.156). Children with MAKI were more likely to have a longer hospital stay by a mean of 2.5 days. Conclusion AKI is a common complication in children with severe malaria. MAKI has a low mortality rate comparable to those with severe malaria but without AKI. Hemoglobinuria, deep acidotic breathing, and longer hospital stay were predictive of MAKI.
Survival rate of pediatric osteosarcoma in Indonesia: a single center study Hikari Ambara Sjakti; Isyanaditta Agung Putri; Endang Windiastuti
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.27-31

Abstract

Background Over the years, the survival rate of children with osteosarcoma has increased with improved management. However, survival tends to be lower in low-middle-income countries. Objective To report the survival rate of children with osteosarcoma in a single center in Indonesia and to evaluate the outcomes of treatment modalities currently used. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of pediatric osteosarcoma patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2015 to 2019. Patients were categorized based on age group, sex, primary tumor location, treatment modalities, disease metastasis, and disease outcome. Results We included 83 children with osteosarcoma, with an age range of 4-17 years (median 13 years). Mean estimated overall survival and event-free survival were 28 (95%CI 24 to 32) months and 10 (95%CI 8 to 13) months, respectively. Overall survival duration between treatment modality groups was significantly different (P<0.05). The mean estimated overall duration of survival was 9 (95%CI 3 to 15) months for chemotherapy, 18 (95%CI 14 to 22) months for chemotherapy with surgery, and 21 (95%CI 14 to 27) months for chemotherapy with surgery and radiation. Conclusion The survival rate of childhood osteosarcoma in Indonesia remains low. The current treatment option currently used in our center may contribute to the low rate of survival.
Visual acuity assessment of preschool children in the inner city area in Jakarta Dian Estu Yulia; Yulinda Arty Laksmita; Julie Dewi Barliana; Laura Agnestasia Djunaedi; Lia Amanda; Hartono Gunardi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.1-6

Abstract

Background Visual acuity (VA) assessment is an important ocular examination to identify children with vision problems. Such early identification allows for early intervention to prevent childhood blindness. Objective To describe and compare visual acuity measurements in preschool children using two different visual acuity charts. Methods This cross-sectional study in children aged 36-60 months was done in a low-income area in the Central Jakarta District as a collaboration between Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Child Health, Universitas Indonesia Medical School/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. All children underwent visual acuity examinations using Lea symbols and Tumbling E charts. The VA results from two charts were analyzed with Bland-Altman plot for limits of agreement. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the differences between vision charts. Results A total of 113 children enrolled, but only 38 children completed the examinations. The mean age of subjects was 50.5 (SD 6.4) months. Overall, subjects’ mean VA was 0.29 (SD 0.18) for Lea symbols and 0.37 (SD 0.14) for Tumbling E. The mean difference of VA between Lea symbols and Tumbling E was 0.07 (SD 0.22) logMAR units, with upper and lower limits of agreement at 0.36 and 0.51, respectively. There was no statistical difference in VA score using Lea symbols and Tumbling-E based on gender and age. Conclusion Most preschool children in our study have normal visual acuity. Lea symbols and Tumbling E chart are comparable and can be used to efficiently measure VA in preschool children.
Linear growth and systemic glucocorticoid therapy in children with systemic lupus erythematosus Dikahayu Alifia Anugrah; Suryono Yudha Patria; Cahya Dewi Satria
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.37-43

Abstract

Background The use of long-term oral glucocorticoid therapy, specifically in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), has increased in the past two decades. Chronic glucocorticoid use may lead to a linear growth disturbances. Objective To determine the association between linear growth and systemic glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric SLE patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study used medical record data of pediatric SLE patients. All subjects received systemic glucocorticoids. The linear growth parameters recorded in this study were height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and height velocity at 0, 6, and 12 months of treatment. We recorded potential risk factors of linear growth disturbance, such as pubertal status, sex, SLE severity, pulse methylprednisolone use, daily glucocorticoid dose, and nutritional status. Results Of 42 patients with SLE, 83.3% were female, with a mean age of 13 years at diagnosis. Eighteen subjects (42.9%) experienced abnormal height velocity. There was a significant reduction in HAZ between 0, 6, and 12 months of treatment (P=0.016). Between 0 and 6 months of treatment, there was a mean HAZ decrease of 0.11 (P=0.015). There was a trend towards a risk for decreased HAZ at 6 and 12 months of treatment with pulse methylprednisolone (RR 1.25 and 1.27, respectively), as well as for abnormal height velocity (RR 1.73), but they did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion There is a reduction in linear growth in the first 12 months of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in children with SLE. Administration of systemic glucocorticoid significantly reduced HAZ in the first six months of therapy.
The unmet needs of family caregivers in the management of childhood community-acquired pneumonia in Indonesia: a qualitative study Nyimas Heny Purwati; Yeni Rustina; Bambang Supriyatno
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.32-6

Abstract

Background Childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Objective To explore the unmet needs of family caregivers of children with community-acquired pneumonia. Methods A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted at one referral hospital located in Jakarta, Indonesia. Convenience sampling was used to select participants. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Ten family caregivers participated in our study. The results of this research are shown in five main themes: (1) the burden of persistent symptoms; (2) exposure to cigarette smoke at home; (3) home remedies as initial treatment; (4) fulfilling the children’s nutritional needs; and (5) health promotion needs. The care of children with CAP involves more than antibiotic treatment and vaccines. Conclusion This study found several unmeet needs of family caregivers in caring for children with CAP, particulary pertaining to health promotion and the fulfilment of nutritional needs.
TNF-? as a predictive factor of pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome with and without congenital heart disease Latifah Rahmi Hariyanti; Sri Lilijanti Widjaja; Dwi Hidayah
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.61-5

Abstract

Background Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder due to trisomy 21 that may involve congenital heart disease (CHD). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may be present in DS with and without CHD. TNF-α is a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation in PH. Objective To determine the association between TNF-α and the risk of PH in children with DS with and without congenital heart disease. Methods This observational study was conducted in DS children aged two months to five years who visited the outpatient clinic of a regional referral hospital in Indonesia. Subjects underwent echocardiography and were classified into four groups (CHD-PH, CHD-no PH, no CHD-PH, no CHD-no PH). Serum TNF-α was measured in all subjects. We used the ANOVA test to compare mean TNF-α between the groups and to determine the optimal TNF-α cut-off point. We compared the risk of PH in subjects with TNF-α above and below the cut-off point. Results We included 36 DS children in this study. Mean TNF-α in the CHD-PH, CHD-no PH, no CHD-PH, and no CHD-no PH groups was 2,564.44 (SD 177.00) pg/mL, 2,112.89 (SD 382.00) pg/mL, 2,211.56 (SD 330.70) pg/mL, and 1,118.89 (SD 1056.65) pg/mL, respectively (p<0.001). The optimal TNF-α cut-off point was 2,318 pg/mL. DS children with TNF-α ≥2,318 pg/mL had a higher risk of CHD (RR=2.6; 95%CI 1.17 to 5.78; p=0.008) and PH (RR=3.5; 95%CI 1.43 to 8.60; p=0.001). Conclusions DS children with CHD accompanied by PH have significantly higher TNF-α levels than those without PH and those without CHD. In children with DS, an elevated TNF-α level (≥2,318 pg/mL) is associated with a higher risk of CHD and PH.
Comorbidities and COVID-19 severity in pediatric patients: systematic review and meta-analysis Mas Wishnuwardhana Widjanarko; Mutiara Nindya; Glenn Fernandez; Axel Jovito
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 62 No 1 (2022): January 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi62.1.2022.51-60

Abstract

Background COVID-19 has spread around the world. Although symptoms in children are often mild, children remain at risk of developing severe or critical forms of COVID-19, especially those with underlying or comorbid medical conditions. Objective To evaluate the association between comorbidities and severity of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Methods A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We used PubMed and Google Scholar to locate observational studies that involved children with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 with comorbidities and compared them with controls without comorbidities. Studies must also involve children with severe COVID-19 and provide the risk of severe COVID-19 in children with and without comorbidities as outcome. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) of severe COVID-19 in children with vs. without comorbidities. Results We included 41 observational studies with a total of 285,828 pediatric COVID-19 patients, comprising 9,754 patients with comorbidities and 276,074 controls. The comorbidities indentified included obesity, congenital malformations, neurological disease, and genetic syndromes. Children with comorbidities had a significantly higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 compared to those without (pooled OR 4.07; 95%CI 2.31 to 7.19; P<0.00001). Conclusion The presence of comorbidities increases the risk of severe COVID-19 in children.

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