Forest and Society
Forest and Society is an international and interdisciplinary journal, which publishes peer-reviewed social, political and economic research relating to people, land, and forests. Forest and Society has main geographic focus on Southeast Asia but we do not limit research possibilities that compare between and across regions.
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<![CDATA[Identifying Climate Change Adaptation Efforts in the Batutegi Forest Management Unit, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Christine Wulandari]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.7389
<![CDATA[The Batutegi Forest Management Unit (FMU) in Lampung Province, Indonesia is beginning to observe the consequences of climate change. Meanwhile, communities in Batutegi are also suggesting that effects of climate change are becoming more prominent in their region. Indicators include rising air temperature and the increasing regularity of extreme weather changes. Studies show that land cover has decreased by up to 95% in the region. As these trends intensify, predictions note that the Batutegi reservoir and the productivity of the surrounding protected forests will be affected. This research examines FMU efforts to adapt to vulnerabilities from environmental and climate change. The broader objective of this research is to determine the appropriate climate change adaptation efforts, specifically regarding the management of sustainable forest protection. The method is conducted through regression analysis to identify significant variables and applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify priorities for planned interventions for climate change adaptation by the FMU. Based on regression results there were four significant variables, i.e. appropriate agroforestry initiatives, non-timber forest products, community institutional support, and local policy engagement. This research also considers various kinds of technologies of adaptation applied by local communities. Examining community efforts also presents possibilities for improving FMU institutional planning that is locally responsive. This is done primarily through agroforestry techniques and other community conservation practices. Based on the result of the AHP analysis, the findings highlight various programs related to agroforestry technologies as the top priority. Thereafter, priorities point to institutional development policies. Together, these priorities can form the basic considerations for developing climate change adaptation policies in Batutegi. These policies can be applied with, and by communities in managing forests through agroforestry, beginning with support for high quality seed procurement that also supports all phases of cultivation and supply chain through final product marketing. As a result, forest productivity and support for local income can form a robust approach for fulfilling community needs despite the effects of environmental and climate change in Batutegi. ]]>
<![CDATA[Forest - Related Culture and Contribution to Sustainable Development in the Northern Mountain Region in Vietnam ]]>
<![CDATA[Thi Tan Huong Ngo]]>;
<![CDATA[Thi Phuong Mai Nguyen]]>;
<![CDATA[Thi Huong Duong]]>;
<![CDATA[Thi Hue Ly]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.9834
<![CDATA[The culture of communities living near/in forests indelibly interacts with forest ecosystems, both shaping and adapting to the natural environment. Forest-related cultural dimensions also provide benefits for local economies and social welfare. This study analyses the relationship between local culture and forests of the Tay and the Dao minorities and their contribution to sustainable development in Vo Nhai, a mountainous district in northern Vietnam. The study uses methods of a literature review, participant observation and qualitative interviews with local people. The strong embedded culture with forests that developed over many generations of Tay and Dao people was expressed through their knowledge systems of understanding nature, skills for environmental adaption, health protection and spiritual and recreational activities. The potentials of forest - related culture as a feature of local sustainable development were analysed through contributions in natural resource conservation, economic development and social cohesion. To integrate forest - related culture in sustainable development, some issues need to be better focused on the locality.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementation of Social Forestry Policy: A Review of Community Access ]]>
<![CDATA[Budi Budi]]>;
<![CDATA[Hariadi Kartodihardjo]]>;
<![CDATA[Bramasto Nugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[Rina Mardiana]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.9859
<![CDATA[The issuance of social forestry licence and the achievement of benefits to the community in the post-licensing stage are still obstacles and difficulties for the community which is demanding the community access. The research aims to analyze the access of the community of social forestry licence holders in the pre-licence and post-licensing stages through field studies in forest community of Beringin Jaya Lampung and people’s forest plantation of Hajran Jambi qualitatively. In the pre-licence stage, the two license holder communities have the same access to all members who will be involved, information, facilitator, and government authorities. In the post-licensing stage, Beringin Jaya community has higher access to all members, facilitator, information, knowledge, government authorities, capital, technology, programs/activities of agencies and local markets, compared to Hajran community. Access to these matters is carried out by the community and facilitated by facilitator by linking the community to those who control these matters –which are not adequately provided by social forestry policies– through processes, mechanisms and social relationships. Successful facilitation of access requires networked capacity among community members and networking with other parties outside the community. The high level of access and networking capacity of community to obtain benefits from the implementation of social forestry policies must be supported by the suitability of subject-objects in granting licence at the pre-licence stage and the availability of supporting infrastructure.]]>
<![CDATA[Reconciling community land and state forest claims in Indonesia: A case study of the Land Tenure Settlement Reconciliation Program in South Sumatra ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Nazir Salim]]>;
<![CDATA[Diah Retno Wulan]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukmo Pinuji]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.10552
<![CDATA[Longstanding land tenure claims in state forest by communities continues to pose a challenge to government institutions in Indonesia. Such conditions require institutions to develop mechanisms to assure communities of their rights in the state ideals of manifest justice and welfare. One government policy to reconcile these goals is the mechanism on Land Tenure Settlement Reconciliation in State Forests (Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah dalam Kawasan Hutan/PPTKH). This study aims to describe this policy in the context of fieldwork experience related to fundamental problems in the process of identification and settlement of land tenure claimed by communities in state forests. Data collection was obtained through participant observation conducted with communities in Ogan Kemoring Ulu Regency by identifying and verifying community lands in state forests. This method allowed for a more nuanced understanding of settlement challenges and afforded the opportunity to develop a formula for addressing conflicts. The results of the study show that the main problems are a lack of access to information related to the PPTKH policy emergent from ineffective dissemination of information combined with an underdeveloped capacity of processes that support the community to convene and discuss with government actors, academics/researchers, and activists/scholars. The participative learning process conducted by the authors helped the community effectively prepare documents to propose to an Inventory and Verification (Inver) team of Land Tenure in State Forests. Therefore, going forward more collaborative work is needed within the framework of community assistance and capacity building so that the communities have the means and resources to able to understand the challenges of land tenure recognition and be empowered to propose such mechanisms independently. Communities who claim land in state forests depend upon formalized legality, without which can potentially harm their access and assets.]]>
<![CDATA[Efficiency of Land Use in Smallholder Palm Oil Plantations in Indonesia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach ]]>
<![CDATA[Dyah Wulan Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Faqih Nur Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Irawati Abdul]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.10912
<![CDATA[Indonesia has become the country with the largest palm oil production. However, the level of productivity of oil palm per land in Indonesia tends to remain stagnant. The main objective of this study is to evaluate oil palm lands of smallholders that experience land inefficiency. In analyzing land efficiency, this study used cross-section data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS). This study uses an input distance function approach with stochastic frontier analysis tools. Our estimation results found that on average, smallholders oil palm plantations face land inefficiency. The land inefficiency of smallholder oil palm plantations is not proportional to the negative impacts it has caused. The intensification of oil palm plantation land is one of the ways to reduce the rate of deforestation and optimize available land. Land intensification can be done through the selection of potential lands, renewal programs for oil palm trees, supporting facilities and infrastructure, and plantation technology development.]]>
<![CDATA[Characteristics of the Tapanuli Orangutan Habitat in the Conflict Area of Batang Toru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Wanda Kuswanda]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Hamdani Harahap]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadi S. Alikodra]]>;
<![CDATA[Robert Sibarani]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.11155
<![CDATA[Forest fragmentation has resulted in decreased wildlife habitat, which has triggered conflicts with humans due to the use of the same plants. This has been particularly contentious with the tapanuli orangutan. Research of the tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) habitat is very limited. The aims of this research is to examine the latest habitat conditions, such as land cover, composition of vegetation, feed plant, and habitat carrying capacity to provide recommendations for habitat management in developing a mitigation policy of the human-tapanuli orangutan conflict. The research location is focused on the area of human-orangutan conflict in the Batang Toru Landscape in South Tapanuli Regency, which took place from August to December 2019. Vegetation analysis was conducted using the strip transect method with a total of 294 plots (11.76 ha). The number of species at the pole and tree levels were high with 149 species (46 families) and diversity index (H') > 3. Eighty feed plant species were found and expected to support the growth of the orangutan population of 247 individuals. The density and diversity of cultivated plant species in the buffer zone were high and consumption by orangutans resulted in human-tapanuli orangutan conflict, especially on durian (Durio zibethinus Murray). Conflict with humans will cause stress and disruption to the growth of the tapanuli orangutan. We recommend habitat management to mitigate conflict through patrols for monitoring habitat destruction in conservation forests, enrichment of feed plants in Forest Management Units, cultivation of orangutan non-food crops on community lands, and building a corridor with orangutan food crops with fruits that are not utilized by humans.]]>
<![CDATA[Contribution of Agroforestry Systems to Farmer Income in State Forest Areas: A Case Study of Parungpanjang, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Desmiwati Desmiwati]]>;
<![CDATA[Thomas Oni Veriasa]]>;
<![CDATA[Aam Aminah]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggi Dian Safitri]]>;
<![CDATA[Tri Astuti Wisudayati]]>;
<![CDATA[Kresno Agus Hendarto]]>;
<![CDATA[Hasan Royani]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniawati Hastuti Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sandy Nur Ikfal Raharjo]]>;
<![CDATA[Dian Ratna Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.11223
<![CDATA[Agroforestry activities in Forest Areas with Special Purpose (FASP) have been implemented since 2000 in Parungpanjang, West Java, which was subsequently reinforced by the Decree of the Minister of Environment and Forestry concerning the Recognition and Protection of Forest Partnerships (Kulin KK) for the Harapan Sejahtera and Guna Bakti Forest Farmer Groups in 2019. This study investigates the contribution of agroforestry systems to farmer income using a household survey in the Parungpanjang Research Forest. The study aims to analyze: 1) the contribution of agroforestry to farmer income from a household structured income analysis; 2) factors of agroforestry that influence total farmer household income using multiple regression analysis. The results show that agroforestry systems contributed 15.8% to farmer household income. The highest agroforestry productivity occurs in the age group of 41-45 years with an average of managed land area of 0.65 hectares and average annual income of IDR 16,780,000 (USD 1,198.6)/farmer/year. The statistical model showed that agroforestry income does not have a significant influence on total farmer household income due to differences in the types of commercial crops, motivation, and skill, as well as age related to physical abilities. There are only two agroforestry factors, namely age and land area, that have a significant influence on total farmer income, whereby the direction of the age variable has a negative influence.]]>
<![CDATA[Oil Palm Plantations, Forest Conservation and Indigenous Peoples in West Papua Province: What Lies Ahead? ]]>
<![CDATA[Yubelince Y. Runtuboi]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwiko B. Permadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Alif K. Sahide]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Maryudi]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.11343
<![CDATA[Oil palm plantations are currently expanding to the eastern part of Indonesia, especially in West Papua province. Many oil palm permits issued in West Papua occupy intact biodiversity-rich forest areas which have essential value for indigenous Papuans' socio-cultural life. This article discusses expansion of oil palm plantations in West Papua province, and its impacts on forests and indigenous people. It also assesses whether the plantations fit the Special Autonomy Law and Sustainable Development Regulation goals of the province. In general, plantations are being established in forest areas, and further planned expansion threatens intact and biodiversity-rich forests. In addition, plantation development rarely considers the socio-cultural issues of indigenous Papuans. As a result, customary rights and institutions are commonly overlooked, undermined, or violated. Oil palm plantations are not necessarily compatible with sustainable development regulation goals, and need to reconcile its overall economic and conservation agenda. ]]>
<![CDATA[Soil Seed Banks of Tree Species from Natural Forests, Restoration Sites, and Abandoned Areas in Chiang Mai, Thailand ]]>
<![CDATA[Patsavipich Rungrojtrakool]]>;
<![CDATA[Pimonrat Tiansawat]]>;
<![CDATA[Arunothai Jampeetong]]>;
<![CDATA[Dia Panitnard Shannon]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutthathorn Chairuangsri]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.11612
<![CDATA[Soil seed banks have been used for investigation of natural regeneration of forests. In this study, we compared seed density and species composition of soil seed banks of trees among natural forests, restored forests of different ages, and abandoned agricultural land. The soil seed banks were collected from a natural forest (NF), 12-year-old and 17-year-old restoration sites (RF12y and RF17y), and 17-year-old abandoned site (AA) at Ban Mae Sa Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand. A seedling emergence technique was used to assess seed density and species of emerged seedlings was identified. We found 5-8 tree species at each site. Seed densities in the study areas ranged from 43 to 298 seeds/m2. The seed density of RF12y was significantly higher than that of both NF and AA but not significantly different than RF17y (p < 0.01). Although there was no significant relationship between the restoration ages and the seed densities of the soil seed banks, the species composition of standing vegetation was related to the seed bank species. Sorensen’s similarities between the species composition of the soil seed banks and the existing trees in each area were between 0 and 13.79%, suggesting seed dispersal of both within and across study sites. Eight out of fourteen species in the soil seed banks were dispersed into restoration sites without standing vegetation of those species. Seven of those were animal-dispersed species. The selected native trees, framework species, attracted small seed dispersers into the study areas, especially at the restoration sites. This finding suggests that active forest restoration improved natural regeneration in restoration sites as well as neighboring areas via seed dispersal.]]>
<![CDATA[Why do greater forest tenure rights not enthuse local communities? An early observation on the new community forestry scheme in state forests in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Arsad Ragandhi]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Heruanto Hadna]]>;
<![CDATA[Setiadi Setiadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Maryudi]]>
<![CDATA[ Forest and Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin ]]>
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DOI: 10.24259/fs.v5i1.11723
<![CDATA[The Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry recently issued a 35-year permit-based social forestry, called Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial (IPHPS), which was implemented in forestlands managed by the State Forest Corporation (SFC). IPHPS is a unique scheme because social forestry permits were previously granted on forestland unencumbered with rights. It provides more secure tenure rights (long-term permits), greater decision-making authority, and improved profit-sharing arrangements compared with the SFC’s co-management model. However, IPHPS has not attracted widespread interest from local communities. This paper aims to identify and to analyse factors that explain local communities’ low interest in the policy. Results show that local communities have not been attracted by the scheme because it requires them to undertake substantial investments in reforestation and make several payments to the government beyond their means. This paper highlights the specific challenges related to access mechanisms and benefits to local communities from the granted rights. Lastly, local communities were prone to manipulative persuasion by the SFC to continue the co-management model.]]>
