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Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Published by Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies
ISSN : 25805657     EISSN : 26217341     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal ICMES is published by the independent research institute, Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies (ICMES). This journal seeks to publish balanced writings that enlightens the public and provides appropriate information about the Middle East in various aspects ranging from politics, economics, military, energy, culture, and history.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies" : 6 Documents clear
Overview of Securitization in the Dynamics of Relations between Saudi Arabia and the Muslim Brotherhood Post-Arab Spring Kalbuadi, Rifan
Jurnal ICMES Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.79

Abstract

In March 2014, Saudi Arabia, through a royal decree, designated the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) as a terrorist organization. This decision has influenced the geopolitical dynamics of the Middle East to this day as Saudi Arabia is one of the strongest actors in the region. The designation of MB as a terrorist organization was a response from the Saudi government to MB's involvement in the Arab Spring 2011 and the Saudi allegations of MB's involvement in the removal of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and various anti-government protests that spread in several Middle Eastern countries. The Saudis did not always see MB as a threat. There was a time when the relationship between the two had occurred in harmony so that in this case, there had been a shift in perception. This paper analyzes this phenomenon using the theory of securitization by including the components of securitization as a framework for analysis. The author argues that the strengthening of MB on the political scene of the Middle East with its efforts to implement modernist Muslim ideology and offer democracy through a revolution is the cause of the shift in the perception of Saudi Arabia towards MB.
Kristen Koptik Mesir Masyhur, Ahmad
Jurnal ICMES Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.80

Abstract

The number of Coptic Christians in Egypt continues to decline. This article aims to analyze the main factors causing discrimination faced by Coptic Christians in their homeland and analyze the impact of this discrimination on Coptic Christians. In this study, researchers used Lewis A. Coser's conflict theory to analyze the main problems that exist. This research resulted in the finding that there were factors that triggered discrimination against Coptic Christians. These factors come from two sides, namely from government and non-government. Besides, this study finds, discrimination also had a positive impact, such as the strengthening of their group solidarity, the stronger their identity as natives of the Pyramid country, and the more proud they were to maintain their identity as Coptic Christians.
Normalisasi Hubungan Uni Emirat Arab dengan Israel Wicaksono, Raden Mas Try Ananto Djoko
Jurnal ICMES Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.86

Abstract

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Israel have signed a normalization agreement called Abraham Accord on September 15, 2020. This agreement indicates that previously both countries had a reasonably good relationship and a series of cooperation. This study aims to see the UAE's interests toward Israel and how other Muslim countries respond to the agreement, which will impact their solidarity for Palestine's independence. In this research, the writer uses realism perspective, which includes the concept of national interest, the theory of balance of power, and the concept of normalization. The results showed that the UAE has an interest in expanding cooperation with Israel in various fields, especially in the political, economic, and security. The UAE made this policy because they feel threatened by Iran and because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This policy received positive response from Egypt, Jordan, Bahrain, and Sudan; and negative feedbacks from Oman, Iran, Turkey, and Qatar. Especially for Palestine itself, this agreement is a severe blow to the country's sovereignty struggle.
Perbedaan Persepsi Turki dan North Atlantic Treaty Organization Terhadap Ancaman Terorisme Simbolon, Alvin Christopher
Jurnal ICMES Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.87

Abstract

This paper aims to describe the attitudes and policies taken by Turkey in dealing with the People's Protection Units (YPG); a Kurdish militia organization in Syria, which is seen as a terrorism threat to Turkey, but not to NATO. The lack of literature describing the dynamics of Turkey-NATO relations in terms of threat perception, especially those closely related to the YPG threat, is a gap that will be filled by the researcher in this paper. This paper argues that Turkey has taken actions and attitudes that tend to violate the boundaries of norms and values in the NATO alliance. Turkey played its part unilaterally in facing the YPG. This research uses the analytical framework of Intra-Alliance Opposition by Oya Dursun Ozkanca, which consists of three processes in the alliance. It describes when state tools are used in the alliance and for what purposes. It is hoped that this article will contribute to the development of the empirical and scientific literature on the Intra-Alliance Opposition using a case study of Turkey's foreign policy.
Konfrontasi Iran-Amerika Serikat di Selat Hormuz dan Dampaknya bagi Distribusi Penjualan Minyak Dunia Hasibuan, Wandy Ardiyansyah
Jurnal ICMES Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.89

Abstract

This paper will discuss why the confrontation between Iran and the United States (US) in the Strait of Hormuz occurred. After withdrawing from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreement, US unilaterally giving back their sanctions to Iran and made relations between the two countries heated up again. Iran then responded with snarling to close the Strait of Hormuz. This response makes other countries in the world who have an interest in buying oil from the Middle East under threat. The US felt aggrieved by this threat; the country performs maneuvers and military confrontation in the Strait of Hormuz. This action caused oil traffic through the strait disturbed, and global oil distribution also harmed. By using qualitative methods and implementing Lovell's theory of Foreign Policy Strategy, the author finds that Iran and US use the Confrontation Strategy approach in its foreign policy, which prioritized contradictory national interests. As a result, it is predicted that the confrontation in the Strait of Hormuz will continue as long as the two sides hold their current positions.
Perkembangan Keuangan Islam di Eropa Henny Saptatia D. Nugrahani; Agung Permadi; Yulinar Amalia Masfufah
Jurnal ICMES Vol 4 No 2 (2020): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.95

Abstract

This study analyzes the implications of cooperation between United Kingdom (UK) and Bahrain, especially the international financial institution Al-Baraka, in developing Islamic banking. The UK is a non-Middle Eastern country that has developed Islamic finance since the entry of the Al-Baraka international financial institution from Bahrain in 1982. At present, the UK is the centre of Islamic banking in Europe and plays an essential role in the Islamic banking sector. This study analyzes the British policy in opening up the Islamic Bank of Britain (IBB) and the cooperation process with the Al-Baraka financial institution from an international relations perspective. The theory used in this qualitative research is the Regional Security Complex. The concept of amity and enmity in the Regional Security Complex is used to see how this collaboration could be established. The findings of this study are that the UK is a potential market in the development of Islamic banking in Europe and the cooperation that existed between Britain and Bahrain in the development of Islamic banking occured in the dynamics of amity and enmity. Between the two parties, there was not only friendly relations but also British suspicion of Al-Baraka financial institution which has the potential to become a dominant financial institution and displace conventional financial institutions.

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