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Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Published by Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies
ISSN : 25805657     EISSN : 26217341     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal ICMES is published by the independent research institute, Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies (ICMES). This journal seeks to publish balanced writings that enlightens the public and provides appropriate information about the Middle East in various aspects ranging from politics, economics, military, energy, culture, and history.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 5 No 2 (2021): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies" : 5 Documents clear
Peningkatan Alokasi Anggaran Militer Negara-Negara di Timur Tengah dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Eskalasi Konflik Kawasan Endro Tri Susdarwono
Jurnal ICMES Vol 5 No 2 (2021): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i2.93

Abstract

This study aims to discuss how military budget allocations for countries in the Middle East affect the escalation of conflicts in the region, how military budget allocations must compete between countries in the area, and how military budget allocations have a relationship and influence with each other. This study uses quantitative methods, namely statistical tests with canonical correlation analysis, to answer the relationship and impact between military budget allocations among countries in the Middle East. The results of canonical weight and canonical loading functions 1 and 2 show a significant relationship between the dependent variate and the independent variate or military budget allocation in Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey and military budget allocations in seven other countries in the Middle East. The existence of competition in the distribution of military budgets in Middle Eastern countries affects the escalation of conflicts in this region because the preparation of the budget is based on threats. The funding for defense is a concern and consideration for friendly or unfriendly neighboring countries.
Lebanon: Arfan Johan Wihananto; Yon Machmudi
Jurnal ICMES Vol 5 No 2 (2021): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i2.105

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the efforts of the Lebanese government to position the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) as the primary defence force in ensuring the country's sovereignty. The LAF, as a regular military institution, competes with the power of Hezbollah, so that this phenomenon becomes a challenge for the Lebanese government domestically and internationally in fighting for public legitimacy, apart from issues of collusion and dependence on the existence of internal actors and external interventions. This article also provides recommendations for solutions based on observations during the author's assignment to Operation World Peace in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in 2010 and 2018. This article is expected to contribute to the development of empirical and academic literature on the political situation in Lebanon. It also offers lessons from a country with a heterogeneous demographic background faced with conflict and power dynamics.
Peran Perempuan Tunisia dalam Politik Pasca-Arab Spring Melalui Telaah State Feminism Ayu Maulida Alkholid; Firmanda Taufiq
Jurnal ICMES Vol 5 No 2 (2021): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i2.106

Abstract

Tunisia is one of the Arab countries hit by political upheaval in the Arab Spring era. The country is considered successful through a relatively stable political transition from authoritarianism to democracy. In this process, Tunisian women have a significant role. This paper aims to describe the feminist movement, which was spearheaded by both the state and women, plays an essential role in the political constellation of Tunisia. Tunisian women had an important role in inviting and mobilizing the masses when the Arab Spring erupted. Post-Arab Spring, they were effectively involved in the political process, including drafting laws in parliament. The law ratified in 2014 is seen as more guaranteeing gender justice. This research was conducted with a qualitative method that utilizes literature studies and implements the concept of state feminism. The results of this study conclude that state feminism has changed the pattern of the political system to be more accommodating to the interests and rights of women and seek to create gender justice in Tunisia.
Pengaruh Budaya Strategis pada Kepemimpinan dan Revolusi Islam Iran Prabaswari Prabaswari
Jurnal ICMES Vol 5 No 2 (2021): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i2.107

Abstract

The Islamic Revolution in Iran, led by Ayatollah Imam Khomeini, was a world-shaking movement. Khomeini is both a spiritual leader of the ulama and a well-respected political figure in Iran. The Iran-Iraq war and US economic sanctions for reasons relating to the nuclear program have brought Khomeini's leadership model to the test. Despite these obstacles, Iran has managed to establish a constitutional government that provides the religious elite extraordinary powers so that they may control internal politics as well as external forces that threaten the regime's survival. This study finds that the Islamic Republic of Iran's achievement in building an effective government is due to Iran's ability to convert the flexible Iranian Persian and Shia Islam culture into a strategic culture. This study uses the method of analysis of the study of literature and strategic culture theory, in relation to foreign policy decision making.
Kebijakan Luar Negeri U-turn Yordania Terhadap Suriah Pasca-Perang Melawan Terorisme Dyah Purbo Arum Larasati
Jurnal ICMES Vol 5 No 2 (2021): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i2.111

Abstract

Jordan is one of the Arab countries that played an essential role in the war in Syria. The battle began with anti-government demonstrations in Syria in 2011, then turned into an armed conflict after forming armed militias affiliated with Al Qaeda, and continued with the establishment of ISIS in 2013. Currently, Syria has won the war against terrorism, although terrorist militias still control a relatively small area in Syria. Since 2021, Arab countries that initially supported armed militias have taken foreign policy's u-turn, namely returning to normalization efforts with Syria. This study aims to explain the reasons for the normalization of diplomatic relations carried out by Jordan towards Syria. This study uses Robert D. Putnam's two-level games theory and is carried out qualitatively by collecting data through literature studies and interviews with humanitarian activists in Syria. This study finds that Jordan's foreign policy's u-turn towards Syria has two goals. First, it wants to improve its domestic problems, namely the economic downturn, one of which occurred due to the influx of refugees, security issues, water availability. Second, Jordan wants to achieve international targets, whereas Jordan, a Western ally, wants to reduce Iran's influence in the Middle East region.

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