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INDONESIA
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 01262092     EISSN : 24425230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas (MKA) (p-ISSN: 0126-2092, e-ISSN: 2442-5230) is a peer-reviewed, open access national journal published by Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas and is dedicated to publish and disseminate research articles, literature reviews, and case reports, in the field of medicine and health, and other related disciplines.
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Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014" : 16 Documents clear
ANALISIS PERSEPSI DAN HARAPAN DOKTER TERHADAP PERAN APOTEKER DI RSUD PROF. DR. MARGONO SOEKARJO PURWOKERTO Zaenuri S Hidayat; TunggulAdi Punruonugroho; Vitis Vini Fera RU
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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Abstract

Abstrakbahasa lndonesia Kolaborasi antara tenaga kesehatan terbukti meningkalkan kualitaspelayanan kesehatan. Khusus untuk hubungan antara dokter dan apoteker, interaksi dokterapotekerdalam paradigma patiet-oriented t€rbukti menghasilkan terapi obat yang lebih efektif,aman, dan murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerangkan persepsi dan harapan dokterterhadap peran apoteker, serta menerangkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada persepsi danharapan dokter terhadap peran apoteker di RSUD Prof Dr Margono Soekarjo Punrvokerto.Penelitian ini merupakan cross-sectional study dengan alat bantu kuesioner. Subyek penelitianadalah semua dokter yang berpraktek di RSUD Prof Dr Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Datayang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif danselanjutnya dilakukan analisis hubungan antaravariabel dependen dan variabel independen menggunakan uji chi-square. Variabel akan dinilaisignifikan berhubungan jika P< 0.05. Enam puluh dua dokter mengembalikan secaara lengkapkuesioner yang ciibagikan. Mayoritas responden memiliki persepsi dan harapan yang baikterhadap peran apoteker. Responden laki-laki dan dokter spesialis/konsultan memiliki persepsiyang lebih baik- Untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap persepsi, dan harapan,penelitian dengan metode kualitatif diperlukan sebagai kelanjutan penelitian ini.Kata kunci: interaksi dokter'-apoteker, persepsi, harapan
HUBUNGAN DOKTER-PASIEN MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL DITINJAU DARI PRINSIP DASAR BIOETIKA Rani Tiyas Budiyanti
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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AbstrakPerkembangan teknologi yang ditandai munculnya berbagai alat canggih, kemudahandan kecepatan akses informasi serta komunikasi terjadi di segala aspek kehidupan masyarakattermasuk aspek kedokteran. Munculnya web 2.0 memudahkan penyebarluasan informasi olehadmin maupun pengguna. Salah satunya adalah munculnya media sosial yang dapat diaksesoleh siapa saja, termasuk dokter dan pasien. Fleksibilias dan keterbukaan penggunaan mediasosial menyebabkan pergeseran makna 'kontrak terapeutik' antara dokter dan pasien.Kebebasan interaksi antara dokter pasien mulai dari masalah personal hingga konsultasimasalah kesehatan dapat dilakukan melalui media sosial seperti facebook atau twitter denganmudah dan cepat. Seorang dokter seharusnya berpijak pada kaidah dasar bioetika sebagaiprinsip dasar hubungan dokter-pasien. Hubungan melalui media sosial sebaiknyadipertimbangkan lebih lanjut berdasarkan konsep beneficience, otonomy, nonmaleficience, danjustice. Hubungan dokter-pasien melalui media sosial memberikan efek yang menguntungkanbagi dokter dan pasien, dengan syarat terdapat aturan terlentu yang harus disepakati bersama.Kata kunci: hubungan dokter-pasien, media sosial, prinsip dasar bioetikaAbstractTechnology improvemenf resuifs variety of sophisticated tool, ease of communication inall aspects of iife including meriical aspecfs. The advent of Web 2.0 facilitate dissemination ofinformation by the admin and user. One of them is social media that can be acces-ced by anyane,inctuding doctors and patients. Flexibility oi social media change the meaning of 'therapeuticcontract' between doctors and patients. Free interactions between physicians and patients aboutpersonal to heatth problems can be done through social media like facebook or twitter easily andquickly A doctor should stand on the basic principles of bioethics as a l.rasic principle of thedoctor - patient relationship. Relationship through social media should be considered further bythe concept of beneficience, otonomy, nonmaleficience, and iustice. Doctor-patient relationshipthrough social ntedia provide a beneficial effect for doctars and patients with the ceftain rules.Keywords. doctor - patient relattonship, social media, basic principles of bioethics
ETIKA PROFESI PADA MANAJEMEN INFORMASI KESEHATAN (MrK) Erkadius Erkadius
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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ETIKA PROFESI PADA MANAJEMEN INFORMASI KESEHATAN (MrK)
MEDICAL ETHICS, LOCAL WISDOM AND PROFESSIONALISM Sajid DarmadiPura
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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AbstractRecengy the problem of profession, professional, professionalism, and ethics in medicinehave been attracting much the public, the media, the professionals, and even also the medicalpractitioners.This may be stimulated by several cases involving medical professionals exposedby the press, originaiing from the decreasing comprehension on the above named terms' Theline differentiating profession from business is too becoming vague. Professionalism that shouldcontain also high ethical moral standards and humanitarian values beside the knowledge andskill is decreasing in comprehension among the medical practitioner and other professionals ingeneral. A clear normative definition of each of those terms is needed. As lndonesian physicians,we should refer and apply the basic principles stated in Pancasila, i.e' the philosophical moralbasis of the lndonesia foundation in providing medical and health service. Further our reflectionsgo on to whether the principles of Pancasila can replace the ethical principles of Bioethics, thewestern concept. Accepting the western completely would likely mean accepting the culturalimperialism, while replacing the western values or principles totally is unnecessary consideringthat many of the western conform our local wisdom'Keywords: Profession, professionalism, medical ethics, Pancasila, local wisdom'transculturalism and value recipi"ocity'
ETIK PENELITIAN KEDOKTERAN/KESEHATAN Eryati Darwin
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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Abstract

ETIK PENELITIAN KEDOKTERAN/KESEHATAN
PERKEMBANGAN TISSUE BANK DI ASIA PASIFIC DAN ASPEK BIOETIKA Menkher Manjas
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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AbstrakTissue Bank atau Bank Jaringan adalah suatu institusi / organisasi amal non-profit, yangbertujuan untuk mengumpulkan, memproses, mengawetkan, menyimpan, mensterilkan sertamendistribusikan jaringan biologi dan sel guna kepentingan keperluan klinik dalam pengobatanpenyakit manusia. Bank jaringan pertama di dunia didirikan oleh Dr. George Hyatt pada tahun1949 diAmerika yang terkenal dengan US Naval Tissue Bank. Kemudian berkembang ke benuaEropa dan seluruh dunia. DiAsia-Pasific, bank jaringan mulaidi Burma tahun 1980 dan Thailandtahun 1984. Sesudah itu diikuti oleh negara Asia Facifi. . Di lndonesia baru resmi dibuka awaltahun 1990 dengan tiga pusat bank jaringan di Batan jakarta, RS Sutomo Surabaya dan RS DRM Jamil Padang. Semenjak didirikan, bank jaringan telah menolong berjuta juta penduduk darikecacatan dan penyakit lainnya.Jaringan biologi itu dapat dari donor manusia disebut allograftdan dapat pula berasal dari jaringan binatang yang disebut Xeograft. Bentuk jaringan biologibisa dalam bentuk organ yang utuh atau dalam bentuk sel baik sebagai sel dewasa atau selpunca (stem cell). Sebelum di pakai atau di transplantasikan pada manusia maka jaringan ituberasal harus bebas dari berbagai penyakit menular seperti kuman, virus seperti HlV, HepatitisB/C, Tuberculoses/TBC, Syphilis, dan lain lain. Karena itu sebelum dipergunakan pada manusiasakit maka jaringan itu membutuhkan beberapa proses sehingga dapat dipergunakan denganaman. Tahapan tahapan proses dari mulai pengambilan jaringan dari cionor, pengolahan agarjadi aman dan penerapannya pada pengobatan perryakit rnemakai dasar hukum dan bioetikayang jelas. Bioetika itu meliputi persetujuan pengambilan jaringan dan sei dari donor apakahmasih hidup atau meninggal, penggantian pengambilan jaringan, kerahasiaan, keamananpenyimpanan, pen.jaminan mutu dalam menghindari efek samping yang iidak diinginxan.
EKSTROSPEKSI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PROFESI DOKTERATAS PROFESIONALISME DOKTER DI RUMAH SAKIT PENDIDIKAN Yoni Fuadah Syukriani
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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AbstrakEkstrospeksi merupakan salah metode penting dalam pendidikan profesionalisme bagimahasiswa kedokteran, namun masih jarang dilakukan. Dalam mengajarkan ekstrospeksi seringmuncul kekhawatiran bahwa mahasiswa ninya memiliki persepsi negatif terhadap orang lain,khususnya terhadap dokter yang berperan iebagai pendidik dan role model di rumah sakitpendidikin. Namun demikian, peilu disadari bahwa tanpa disadari mahasiswa selalu melakukanekstrospeksi atas praktik kedokteran yang dilaksanakan oleh dokter di rumah sakit' Jika praktikkedokteran yang Oilifrat tidak sesuai dengan konsep profesionalisme yang telah diajarkan secarateori, maka maliasiswa akan menghaOafii feUingungan. Pendidik turut bertanggung jawab untukmengantisipasi hal tersebut, Oan lit<a kebingungan telah muncul, sepatutnya ada media yangdisialkan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi prosesekstiospeksi yang dilakukan mahasiswa ying tengah melakukan kepaniteraan di FakultasKedokteran Universitas padjadjaran atas profesionalisme dokter di rumah sakit pendidikan. Hasilmenunjukkan bahwa ekstroipet<si mahasiswa menempati spektrum yang sangat lebar, dari sikapyang sangat negatif hingga sangat positif. Dampak perilaku negatif dokter lebih beragamOiUanOing perilaku positif.Ferilaku negatif yang sama dapat berakibat berbeda pada mahasiswayang ber-beda. Hampir sernua mahasiswa-meminta fakultas kedokteran/rumah sakit pendidikanigai memOeri tanggapan, sistem follow up rutin, atau membuka jalur rahasia untuk membanturriereka mengatas-i- hasil extrospeksi yang negatif. Sebagai simpuian, ekstrospeksi sangatpenting dalah pendidikan prot'esionalisrne kedckteran, meskipun Cemikian metode inimembituhkan upaya khusus untuk mengatasi tantangan kompetensi dosen dan Jumlahmahasisu,,a yang banyak.Kata kunci:-AriEkstrospeksi, Rumah Sakit Pendidikan, Role Model, ProfesionalismeAbstractExtrospection is an important method in professional education for medical students,atthough it is rarety used. There is concern that teaching through extrospection would lead tonegati-ve perception to other, pafticularly toward supervising doctors as role models in teachingho-spitat. Howe,ver, it is important to understand that naturalty sfudenfs would extrospect towardsmedicat practice performed by supervising doctors. Medicat practice which does not consistentwith the'concept of medicat piofessionalism the sfudenf's learned in undergraduate phase, wouldlead students to confusion. Faculties have responsibility to anticipate this possibiiity The aim ofthis study is to explore the extrospection process of students during their clerkship term in theFacutty of ivledicine, rJniversitas Padjadjaran. Result demonsirates that student's extrospectioniies within a wide range, from positive to negative end. The inpact of perceived supervisor'snegative behaviour has a wider range then po,sitive behaviour. The same perceived supervisor'sne-gailve behaviour coutd impact different sfudenfs differentty. Almast all students request forreipcnse, routine foltow up system, or conficiential route from medical school/teaching hospital,fo assisf them when encounter negative result from extrospection. As a conclusion, extrospectionis impoftant in teaching medicat professionalism, atthough it requires specra/ effott to facechallenges such as the faculty's competence and high number of stutlents.Keywords: Extrospection, teaching hospital, role model, professionalism
THE ASIA PACIFIC BIOETHICS PROGRAM OF THE UNESCO CHAIR IN BIOETHICSCAN RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BE BOTH ETHICAL AND BENEFICIAL TO LOGAL COMMUNITY ? Theong H. Low
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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Abstractln 2005 at the 33rd Session of General Conference at UNESCO, it adapted the Universaldeclaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. Declaration article 1.1 outlines the principals thatrespond to ethical issue related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies as appliedto human beings. Thus the international standards for Bioethics are grounded in a language ofrights -to safe guard human dignity and human rights. UNESCO made ethics of Science andtechnology one of its 5 priority areas. lt is charged with promoting the education of ethical issuesof Science and Technology. The UNESCO Program in this area aims to strengthen lhe ethicallink between scientific advancement that is taking place and the Cultural, Legal, Philosophicaland religious context in which it occurs.The disparity of health amongst the world's communitiesis largely determined by the wealth of the countries. Developed countries have access to cleanwaters, vaccines and new medical technologies whereas developing countries do not.Researches in these countries are also funded by the wealthy countries and we will need toprotect these countries from exploitation by those with the means in the name of clinicalresearch.Hence, we have to discuss the necessary conditions for models allowing lnstitutionalReview Boards to grani exceptions in low income countries to circumvent the need for "WorldBest Practices" in their research requirements. There are commentators arguing that "World'sBest Practiees sheuld always be used in ali countries, but financial burden in the developingcouniries prevents this. A total ban cn any research other than the world's best practice wouldprevent exploitation, but this may block important research that can improve health care in thesecountries. So is it possibie to address the potentiai for exploitation while allowing research thathas the potential to benefit the host communities.We argue that lnstitutional Review Boardsshould be allowed to grant exceptions for research on grounds that the research satisfies theScientific Necessity, Relevance for the host communities, sufficient host community benefits andSubject and Host Community nonrnaleficence.The argument has focused on the controversialHIV vertical transmission, and the trials used. World Best Practice is currently the long coursetreatment using AZT (zidovudine), but this is expensive involving early prenatal visits, frequentvisits and lV infusions during labour, which is not feasible nor affordable in these countries.However studies in South Africa has identified that apprcximalely 75% of HIV verticaltransmissions occurs ciuring or after delivery. Hence, trials comparing short ccurse AZTtreatment against placebo were done on ihe grounds that it is better than no treatment at all. Thetrials suggested that short course ti'eatment is possibly better than placebo. Yet the variability inthe transmission rate may suggest that the short-course treatment was not woi-th pur"suing.Theknowledge thal.75% of HIV vertical transmission occurs during delivery has led investigators tothe iandmark trials using nevirapine as a single dose given during labour offerring a feasible andaffordable treatment for reducing the rate of vertical transmission.To justify the relevance of theseissues, the Elizabeth Glaser Paediatrics AIDS Foundation has devoted $100 miilion to preventHIV vertical transmission. Assuming a cost of $250 per mother-child treatment using the longcourse AZT would translate to 65,000 fewer HIV infected child. Yet devoting the same money toa single-dose nevirapine, at $4 per mother-child can translate to 270,000 fever HIV infected child,lffrttE Supplemen Majalah Kedokteran Andalas. Vol. 37. No.Supl.1, [/aret 2014potentially saving an additional 200,000 lives. The UNESCO Chair in Bioethics was establishedto coordinate and stimulate an international network of lnstitutes for Medical Ethics Training. lnthis role there is a need to develop an up to date syllabus for Medical ethics education which willsatisfy requirements of the Medical fraternity. These followed Two lnternational Studies in 2001that UNESCO undertook in researching the importance and quality of education in ethics inMedical Colleges and faculties all over the world. The results confirmed that there is an emergingneed for introduction of teaching of Medical ethics as a consequence of several social andscientific processes that have taken place. These included the relationship between health careproviders and their patients, the choice of medical interventions for the individual patient, thechoice of Public health interventions, the evaluation of effects of health care interventions, thecollaboration between teams engaged in health care activities and the choice of goals andmethods of medical reseai'ch.Hence, research using less than the world's best practice can beethical and has the potential to provide sufficient benefit for the host communities and IRB shouldbe given the authority to approve such activities on a case by case basis.Affiliasi Penulis : Director Centre for Asia Pacific Bioethics Studies, Korespondensi : Theong H. Low, email :thlow@bigpond. net.au,
Preface and ToC - Vol 37, Supplement 1 (2014) Redaksi MKA
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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THE ASIA PACIFIC BIOETHICS PROGRAM OF THE UNESCO CHAIR IN BIOETHICS Russell D&#039;Souza
Majalah Kedokteran Andalas Vol 37 (2014): Supplement 1 | Published in March 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas

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THE ASIA PACIFIC BIOETHICS PROGRAM OF THE UNESCO CHAIR IN BIOETHICS

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