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Riki Rahmad
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences
Published by MO.RI Publishing
ISSN : 27981134     EISSN : 27973549     DOI : https//doi.org/10.5262/injoes
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences is an open-access journal that publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research dedicated to our planet.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (Lain-Lain)
Articles 45 Documents
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Influence of Physical Environmental Factors on The Rising Insecurity in Northwestern Nigeria Abdulrahim Umar Darma
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (414.97 KB) | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v1i2.258

Abstract

Northern part of Nigeria has witnessed a widespread security challenges in recent years, in most cases armed conflicts. Boko Haram's insurgency in the Northeast, herdsmen militancy in North-central, while in the Northwest, banditry has become the major security concern. Millions of people have been displaced, some were dead as a result. There are efforts by concerned entities, less attention was given to physical environmental. Environmental psychology has shown that the physical environment is responsible for behavior or crime; therefore, this study identifies the environmental factors that are influencing the increase of insecurity activities in the Northwestern states of Nigeria. Data was collected using focus group discussions, observations, interviews and review of related existing literature. System theory was used to show the interdependence of the factors by identifying and categorizing them into internal and external factors (artificial and natural). The internal factors include; Urbanization and Poor Environmental Design/Planning, Territorial encroachment, Urban poverty among others. While the external factors are; Climate, Topography and Vegetation, Natural resources and etc. The study discusses their effects on increasing insecurity in the region and concluded that both internal and external factors have significant effects on the increasing banditry in Northwestern part of the country and need to be viewed as a system and be treated holistically. Finally made some recommendation on the way forward.
Characterization of Monsoonal Rainfall in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Northwestern Nigeria Abdullahi Umar; Saadu Umar Wali; Ibrahim Mustapha Dankani
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (722.056 KB) | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v1i2.261

Abstract

Wavelet transform has been underutilized in characterization of rainfall (Real Onset Dates and Real Cessation Dates) in the study area. This study aims at the characterization of monsoonal rainfall. Daily rainfall data of four stations for the period 1981-2018 were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The Intra-seasonal Rainfall Monitoring Index (IRMI) was generated and used in determining the RODs and RCDs. The Mann–Kendall test was used to detect trends of the rainfall characteristics. Wavelet transform was used in modelling RODs and RCDs. Findings revealed that RODs vary between stations. There is low (0.3 Spearman’s Rank r) correlation between latitudes and Early Cessations (ECs) of rains. The Morlet wavelet analysis revealed that from 1999 to 2018, there were more of EOs and NOs especially in Kano station. We conclude that from 1981 to 2018 there has been a minimal increase in the retreat dates of rainfall in the study area.
The Surficial Basin Sediment Investigation and Its Concerned Vertebrate Fossils in Sirtwo Island, Western Part of Saguling Dam, West Java, Indonesia Johan Budi Winarto; Wilda Aini Nurlathifah; Agustina Djafar; Andy Dharmedy Sipayung; Rahajeng Ayu Permana Sari; Halmi Insani
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i1.288

Abstract

In October 2021, the depreciation of the water level of dam Saguling revealed the surficial sediment where was dam up Citarum river. Sirtwo island and surroundings are part of the body sediment were arisen which is part of the sedimentary facies in the western of Bandung Lake ancient. Several vertebrate fossils were found on Sirtwo island and Pasir Benteng island. The investigation of vertebrate fossils was carried out to understand where are deposited in Bandung lake. The geological survey lead to the recognition of types of lake deposits and was divided into 5 block observations i.e., Block A, Block B, Block C, Block D, and Block E. Geographic information system was used to determine the location points where the fossil was found and is correlated with other location. The fossils fragment is identified as vertebrate fossils i.e., Bovid sp., Rusa sp., and Elephas maximus. The detail of vertebrate fossils type and sediment petrology is under further analysis. The sedimentary facies are lake deposit and is distinguished into 3 sub-facies: 1) volcanic deposit with vertebrate fossil 2) sandstone tuff without vertebrate fossil and 3) sandstone tuff with vertebrate fossil. The age of lithology is estimated between 10.000 till >135.000 Years ago and the depositional environment is interpreted into fan lake, channel, and lake bottom. This study clearly determines lithofacies in the research area which contain vertebrate fossils.
Application of GIS-Based Frequency Ratio Model to Geoelectric Parameters for Groundwater Potential Zonation in a Basement Complex Terrain Adeolu Olajide; Ayokunle Adewale Akinlalu; Gregory Oluwole Omosuyi
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i1.295

Abstract

This study applied a geographic information system (GIS) based frequency ratio (FR) model for groundwater potential assessment in a crystalline basement complex terrain, southwestern, Nigeria. The aim of the study is to investigate the proficiency of the model when applied to geo-electric parameters. Four geo-electrically derived groundwater potential conditioning factors (GPCFs) were used, namely; Aquifer resistivity (AQR), Aquifer thickness (AQT), Coefficient of anisotropy (COA), and Bedrock relief (BED). The well location inventories were partitioned randomly into 70% (45 wells) for model training and 30% (19 wells) for model testing. The frequency ratio model algorithm was used to synthesize the GPCFs to produce the groundwater potential index (GWPI). The estimated GWPI was processed in the GIS environment to produce a groundwater potential zonation map which enabled the demarcation of the study area into five potential zones. The produced FR-based model map was validated through the application of the area under the curve (AUC) approach and spatial attribute comparative scheme (SACS). The AUC validation approach for the FR model showed a 64% success rate and 61% for prediction rate. The quantitative SACS result, based on the well data analysis, established 63% agreement with the insitu well water column thickness map. Similarly, the result of the qualitative SACS established a 71% Agreement. The SACS analysis shows that the FR-based model is a good alternative for prediction of groundwater potential zones even when applied to GWCFs that are geo-electrically derived. Thus, the produced map could form part of decision-making mechanisms for groundwater exploitation and management in the area.
The Activities of Informal Land Development Practices in Tudun Yan-Lihidda Settlement, Katsina State, Nigeria Mustapha Muhammad
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i1.319

Abstract

Failed policies, poor governance, corruption, inappropriate regulation, dysfunctional land markets, unresponsive financial systems and a fundamental lack of political interest and the limited capacity of the governance to provide adequate serviced land and housing for the majority of the ever- increasing urban population have attributed to the rapid development of informal settlements in many of our cities for the proper and effective management of our environment. It is noticed that the practice of informal land development in Katsina Metropolis largely dominated formal system of government. Problems such as irregular layout, inadequate accessibility, substandard plots size, congestion and lack of basic facilities and amenities etc. are attributed to the practice of informal land developments. This research involved physical and social survey which was performed in examining the location and group discussion and interview with residence and informal land developers to accessed some of the physical characteristics (i.e. house plot sizes, house development ratio area and road, drainage and setback) and other facilities such as health, out-post, cemetery, refuge site through oral interview with the informal land developers of the area. Secondary data adopted was the published and unpublished sources (i.e. books, journals, thesis/projects, maps etc.) This research aimed at accessing the activities of informal land development of Tudun Yan-Lihidda in Katsina Metropolis. The objective is to evaluate some of the physical characteristics of the area and identified the problems. Possible recommendations on the identified problems were made for good living environment. Problems such as irregular layout, substandard plots size, congestion and lack of basic facilities are attributed to the problems of the practice of informal land developments. There is need for the immediate attention of the urban planning board to address such problems where necessary in the area.
Seismic-Perturbed Obliquity Change as a Discrete Trigger Mechanism of El Niño and La Niña Episodes Paul C. Rivera
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i1.331

Abstract

The global climate disruptor El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is difficult to forecast some years in advance due to lack of understanding of its root cause. An alternative physical mechanism is hereby proposed to describe the nature and sustaining force, and predict the occurrence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena. This is based on the earthquake-perturbed obliquity change model previously proposed as a major mechanism of the global climate change problem. Massive quakes can impart a very strong oceanic force that can move the moon which in turn pulls the earth’s axis and change the planetary obliquity. Analysis of the annual geomagnetic north-pole shift and global seismic data revealed this previously undiscovered force. Using a higher obliquity and constant greenhouse gas forcing in the global climate model EdGCM showed that the seismic-induced polar motion and associated enhanced obliquity could be the major mechanism governing the mysterious climate anomalies attributed to El Nino and La Nina cycles. The apparent eastward migration of high SST in the Pacific and the warming of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans south of the equator during ENSO years were correctly simulated by the model.  The annual time series of global surface temperatures computed by EdGCM was compared with the observed global temperature and the results showed relatively good agreement.  In addition, the heat wave that occurred in Europe during the summer of 2003 and the Russian heat wave of 2010 that killed over 55,000 people appeared to have been correctly simulated with higher obliquity. This study can help affected countries in water shortage contingency planning, disaster mitigation and may help prevent adverse economic and commercial impacts due to ENSO.
Comparison of Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) Analysis of the Bandung Earthquake 22 January 2022 Takhul Bakhtiar
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i1.345

Abstract

The value of ground acceleration in an area due to an earthquake that occurs can have different values. One of the factors that influence this is the geological conditions in the area. The purpose of this study was to compare the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values in the area using several Empirical Ground Motion Equation Prediction (GMPE) formulas such as Inan et al. (1996), Katayama (1974) and Peng et al. (1985) with results that are read on the accelerograph. This study uses earthquake data from the and several station networks Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) in the West Java region. The results of the analysis show that the empirical formula that is close to the readable value on the accelerograph record is the empirical formula of Inan et al. (1996). Thus the empirical formula is suitable for calculating PGA values in the region.
Structural Mapping Inferred from Gravity Data to Image the Upper Lithospheric Structures and its Hydrocarbon Implication from Gwandu Formation NW, Nigeria Adamu Abubakar; Othniel Kamfani Likkason; Ahmed Sadiq Maigari; Sani Ali
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i1.346

Abstract

Presently a digitized composite satellite gravity data covering the Gwandu formation in Sokoto Basin were acquired and processed with a view to interpret the Bouguer anomalies as well to equally image the upper lithospheric structures beneath the Study area and its environs. The research work was aim to study the structural settings of crustal movement in the Gwandu formation. A least-square fitting polynomial surface of a third-degree order was applied in separating regional and residual gravity components from the Bouguer anomaly. The attributed low gravity sedimentary infill from the residual anomalies were tectonically trends NE -to- SW about the vicinities of Tambuwal, Goronyo, Gada and Argungu, Kolmalo and about Yauri, Koko and Jega, Kamba as well as Bagudo. Data enhancement techniques such as first vertical derivative, total horizontal derivative (THDR), analytic signal, spectral depth analysis, and the standard Euler deconvolution (SED) were applied to enhance deep-seated structures.  Results from the Spectral Analysis revealed that the average thickness of the sediments varies from 1.679 km to 4.181 km, outsized enough for hydrocarbon prospect.  The derivative maps revealed parallel to sub-parallel trending NW –to- SE, E -to- W fracture zones within the sedimentary infill underlying the study area, coinciding with the cretaceous zones.  Hence, the identified lineaments (faults or lithologic contacts) and structures in the area can be attributed to the tectonic setting of the area and probable migratory routes for hydrocarbon migration. More detailed ground gravity and seismic studies may lead to discoveries of structural or stratigraphic traps.
Reservoir Characterization of Eocene Carbonates of Central Indus Basin, Pakistan Razib Asim Zeb; Muhammad Haziq Khan; Waqas Naseem; Muhammad Awais; Hamza Zaheen; Ahtisham Khalid
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i1.359

Abstract

The present study is based on petrophysical analysis of the Eocene Sui Main Limestone (SML) penetrated in wells of Qadirpur Gas Field, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan. The analyzed petrophysical property of SML includes shale volume, total porosity, effective porosity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and net pay thickness. The result from the study shows that the Sui Main Limestone reservoir is capable of yielding appreciable hydrocarbon. The petrophysical interpretation revealed that the studied SML has productive reservoir characteristics with average (total and effective) porosity is in K-1, 15% in K-2 15% and 17% in K-3, average saturated hydrocarbon in SML is (70-100%) indicating that zones in wells are purely saturated with hydrocarbon, and average volume of shale in the zone of K-1, 23% in K2, 27% and in K-3, 25% respectively delineating clean formation. Facies modeling revealed that the studied Eocene formation consist of clean limestone, shaly limestone and shals. The isopach thickness map and stratigraphic correlation helps to understand the thickness of Sui Main Limestone in the field.
Future Flood Management and Control Policies: A Comparative Study of Europe and Indonesia Pramudhian Firdaus; Raldi Hendro Koestoer
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.v2i2.379

Abstract

Human activities have caused changes in land use, climate, and rainfall in the last few centuries, one of which is marked by an increase in the occurrence of floods. Flood events in Europe in the period 1998 – 2009 caused more than 1100 damage and displacement of more than one million people. To overcome this, the European Commission (EC) published the Flood Directive 2007/60/EC (FD) with the aim of reducing and managing flood risks for human health, the environment, natural resources, and economic activities. This paper aims to determine the policies and management of the government and the community towards flood disaster management in the future from the results of research conducted in countries in Europe (Portugal, Slovenia, Serbia, and Bosnia & Herzegovina) and then a comparison is made with conditions in Europe. Indonesia to see the differences and similarities in the perception of the government and the public regarding policies and management of flood events that occur in Indonesia. The provision of infrastructure requires not only technical and financial capacity but also appropriate coordination between different government agencies. Disaster risk reduction through appropriate land use planning and control is an important instrument for securing urban areas from flooding (as a result of a case study in Indonesia). Perceptions of future flood management and control policies require serious attention from various lines, especially within the government as policy makers and the community as implementers in the field.

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