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Evaluation of Irrigation Water Application Techniques at Omo Kuraz Left Bank Canal, SNNPRE, Ethiopia Firdawek Zewudu Shibeshi; Tamene Mojira Mogiso; Yilkal Zewude Eniyew
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.515

Water loss from furrows can be due to runoff, seepage and deep percolation which may cause yield reduction. This study focuses on the evaluation of irrigation water application techniques and employed experimental observation which included 30 test observations using the bund, cut-off, cut-back, surge, and portable structure techniques. The experiments were carried out in two blocks; block A with 50 m furrow length and that of block B with 100 m furrow length. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis was done using surface irrigation evaluation model and SAS software package. The results of the study showed that at block A, highest application efficiency of 87.0% was obtained with surge flow and followed to this cut-back recorded 86.6%; whereas the lowest application efficiency of 75.00% was obtain by bund technique. Storage efficiency of surge and cut-back recorded 99.00%. The lowest was obtained by bund (88.9%). The distribution uniformity of surge was highest (84.1%). whereas bund technique gave 71.0% of lowest distribution efficiency. At block B, surge registered the highest application efficiency and distribution uniformity of 66.0% and 59.57% whereas; bund technique records the lowest application efficiency of 60%. The surge and cut-back were more efficient in the field recovery of storage requirement resulted above 99.0%. The statistical analyzed results showed that mean application efficiency of 75.69% was obtained using the surge technique; whereas the lowest application efficiency of 70.0% was obtained by the bund. The use of the surge technique reduces irrigation water loss from 30.0% to 24.3% compared to the local bund technique. This is due to the surge performed better in terms of advance rate and efficient moisture content. With the surge, the highest mean DU of 68.07 % was obtained, while the bund technique had the lowest DU (58.32%). Therefore, adoption of the surge is a promising water application and management practice in sugar cane plantation at Omo Kuraz.

Radiometric Mapping for The Identification of Hydrothermally Altered Zones Related to Gold Mineralization in Ife–Ilesa Schist Belt, Southwestern Nigeria Ayokunle Adewale Akinlalu
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.519

This study presents the interpretation of airborne gamma ray spectrometric data to delineate hydrothermally altered zones related to gold mineralization in the Ife–Ilesa Schist belt. K/eTh, Kd and F–Maps highlighting Potassic alterations related to gold mineralization were processed on the Oasis Montaj software and subsequently integrated using fuzzy logic modeling to produce the hydrothermal alteration map of the study area. The C–A fractal analysis was applied to the final hydrothermal map and was able to classify the study area into background, very low, low, moderate, high and very high alteration. These classes reflect the pervasive hydrothermal alteration style of the study area. The hydrothermally altered areas are evident on granitoids and areas proximal to it indicating that granitoids are proxies of heat source. Occurrence of active mining sites in the area agrees with the generated hydrothermal alteration map of the study area with 81% agreement. It therefore shows that radiometric method is a veritable method in mapping hydrothermal alteration areas. The use of radiometric method only cannot reliably map areas of gold mineralization as mineralization can be associated with several other processes. Hence, other methods involving geochemical and magnetic methods including GIS tools can be employed for further prospecting.

Flood Incidences as Public Health Challenge in Katsina State, Northern Nigeria Suleiman Iguda Ladan; Mohammed Babatsu Mayaki
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.520

Flood incidences are one of the major environmental hazards that occur yearly in different parts of the world. The year 2022 has witnessed series of catastrophic floods not experienced in recent times in parts of countries such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Italy, Pakistan, Niger Republic, Pakistan, South Africa and United State of America. Nigeria like other developing countries in the continent of Africa has also experienced this kind of floods incidences. This paper examines flood incidences as a public health challenge in Katsina state northern Nigeria. Data for the study was generated from a semi-structured questionnaire administered on 100 students. The students are those studying National Diploma in Environmental Health Technology at Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsina, Katsina State. Data on annual flood incidences from 2018 – 2022 was collected from the Katsina State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) including discussions with the Directors of Information and Search and Rescue. The results have shown that flood incidences within the period under study have become a public health challenge resulting to loss of lives, injuries to victims, destruction of houses and creation of displaced persons among others. These are happening despite the efforts of Katsina State Government to tackle the challenges posed by the floods to public health. It is therefore recommended that on-going flood control projects should continue and more efforts on safeguarding public health from flood incidences be pursued.

Parameters Modeling and Probing of Highway Structural Deterioration: Case study of F-209 Segment of Ondo - Ore Pavement, Southwestern Nigeria Olumuyiwa Olusola Falowo
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.580

The construction of highway route is influenced by geology, geotechnical, topography, and geomorphology of the terrain. However, for pavement that failed structurally, a critical investigation is required to ascertain the cause(s) of its failure, so that such study can assist during the rehabilitation/re-construction phase. Based on this, the incessant failed Ondo – Ore was studied using integrated methods. Electrical resistivity involving four vertical electrical sounding, ten dynamic cone penetration test, three coring by trial pits at 1.0 to 3.0 m offset from the edge of the highway at different chain-age, and laboratory geotechnical-geochemical analysis adopting standard procedures. The VES characterized the geological sequence within the highway alignment to be topsoil, subsoil, weathered layer, and basement rock. The topsoil/subsoil and the weathered layer on which the highway is founded is sandy clay and clay with resistivity less than 200 ohm-m. The depths to basement ranged from 33.5 to 45.1 m. The trial pits recordings are consistent with the results of the VES, geotechnical, and geochemical analysis, distinctly distinguishing the upper 1 m into clayey soil (sandy clay, clayey hardpan) laterite, and silt-clay-sand mixture. The engineering competence of the topsoil/subsoil on which the road is founded is poor, although is inactive SC-SM, A-7-5/A-7-6 lateritic soil type (silica-sesquioxide ratio of 1.67). The clay mineralogy is within the illite – montmorillonite group. The SNG, SN, and SNP contributions of the soil as subgrade, subbase, and base material are very low (<1.0). The regression models of all parameters correlated positively, although weak for RD and DCPI, in-situ CBR and MR, RD and in-situ CBR; while strong for soaked CBR and in-situ CBR, ER and MR. Consequently, based on the GI and CBR values, the expected average thickness of the highway should range between 191 mm (good segment) to 445 mm (for weak segment) (avg. 312 mm) which is far thicker than 274 mm measured along the highway alignment during reconnaissance survey. Therefore, it can be concluded that the failure of the highway is as a result of low soaked CBR/in-situ CBR values with low strength coefficient; and low design thickness across the highway. In addition, lack of drainage at the shoulders of the highway is also causative factor. Hence, the need for effective design of roads (to specification) and maintenance strategy was therefore advocated.

Subsurface Structural Characterization as Deduced from High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data over The Confluence Zones in Central, Nigeria Emmanuel Agada Anthony; Othniel Kamfani Likkason; Abubakar Sadiq Maigari; Sani Ali; Adamu Abubakar
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.600

This study aimed to delineate the intrusion body that controls the structural setting and formation around the river Niger-Benue confluence zone with particular attention to its solid mineral potentials, this is achieved in mapping subsurface structural features through the analysis of recent high-resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data-sets with the purpose of examining their effects on geological structures that characterize the confluence zones from the study area. To obtain the necessary reduction in geomagnetic variation, measurements of regional gradients and time variation were used. After applying the reduction to the magnetic equator (RTE) to the corrected magnetic data that was obtained from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency, NGSA, it was possible to determine the regional expansions of subsurface structural units for both qualitative and quantitative interpretations. In addition, the edge detection method is used to depict the structures and buried subsurface anomalies. Different handling processes were applied to the (HRAM) data, such as local wavenumber (SPI), power spectrum analysis, and Euler and Werner deconvolution analysis. The RTE magnetic anomaly caused by local structures and anomalous body delineated six sub-basins with low amplitude response, which agrees with the total gradient anomaly (analytic signal) and tilt of angle derivative that clearly outlined and characterize edges of lithostratigraphic of Niger-Benue river confluence zones. The sub-basin delineated are the southern Bida basin and northern Anambra basin. The source parameter imagings as well as the Euler and Werner deconvolution were used to delineate major subsurface structures and determine their source depth. Results showed that the area was affected by different lineament trending NE-SW, E-W, and S-E trends. Directional analysis indicates that the dominant trend agrees with the regional fault orientations. The estimated depth to the top of the lineaments on average varies from 0.3 km to 4.6 km and it is relatively deeper in the basins compared to the surrounding areas giving clues to the amount of sediment infill. A 2D forward model showed a sedimentary thickness ranging from 1 to 7 km, and this estimated depth is consistent with the average of 3.5 km proposed by previous researchers.

Geoinformatics Perspective of Landslide and Catastrophic Flash Floods in Dhauliganga, Uttarakhand, India Deepti Kumari Dwivedi; Arun Kumar Saraf; Josodhir Das
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.609

On 07 February 2021, around 10:30 hrs local time catastrophic flash flood occurred in the Dhauliganga River (a tributary of the Ganga River) near Rini village at 2000 m above MSL (mean sea level) (Chamoli District), which killed 79 people and about 125 people were missing. Part of the area belongs to Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, which is completely protected from human interventions. Further, on the Dhauliganga River, two run-of-river hydroelectric power Rishiganga Small Hydro (13.2 MW) at 1975 m above MSL and Tapovan Vishnugad (520 MW) at 1795 m above MSL projects were also severely damaged due to the devastating flash flood. More than 150 workers were also trapped in the under-construction power tunnel of the Tapovan Vishnugad project. Initial assessment on the day of the event suggested that there was a glacial burst. Later, it was evaluated through time series of high spatial resolution remote sensing images of various satellites that a large part of a north-facing triangular-shaped slope at 5540 m above MSL had failed, which was also supporting a small hanging glacier. This landslide and, consequently, massive debris flow into the Raunthi Gadhera initially blocked the flow of Dhauliganga near Rini village [at 2000 m above MSL (mean sea level)], which later failed around 10:30 hrs on 07 February 2021 and brought a catastrophic flash flood in the Dhauliganga river. Further, remote sensing images acquired around 10:33 hrs of 07 February 2021 revealed a large dust cloud which clearly unravels the sequence of events from a high-altitude landslide, collapse of a small hanging glacier, and snow avalanche to catastrophic flooding. Even after the catastrophic flash flood of 07 February 2021, an elongated lake was created due to the blocking of the flow of the Rishi Ganga River. For detailed analysis, the calculation of dimension, area and volume of the failed slope was done using the high-resolution satellite images and digital elevation model using the RAMMS modelling technique. The north-facing triangular shape had a base of about 660 m and 1100 m height and the estimated total volume calculated was 20 million cubic meters, including rocks, snow, and ice. The debris flow runout simulation of the event was performed using the RAMMS debris flow model to calculate flow depth, flow velocity and maximum pressure. Also, from high-resolution satellite images, the dimensions of the artificial Rini Lake were estimated to have a length of about 800 m, a width at the front of about 100 m and a depth of about 46m, including freshly deposited debris and silt of about 10 m. To calculate the volume of the lake, simulation of lake was done in ArcView software using digital elevation model, and it came out to be ~5 million cubic meters. The paper also emphasizes monitoring of such vulnerable areas based on high-resolution time series satellite images, which are available on a regular basis to avoid the loss of human lives in the future.

The Impact of the Trans-Java Toll Road Development on Spatial Planning in the Northern Region of Java Island: A Study Utilizing NDBI and Google Earth Images Yuny Fikriyah Shofy; Adi Wibowo
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.611

The primary objective of toll roads is to stimulate economic growth. As the pivotal road network on Java Island, the Trans-Java Toll Road has a significant impact on regional development and spatial planning. However, there has been a lack of research focusing on the specific influence of this toll road on spatial planning. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively examine the spatial and temporal implications of the Trans-Java Toll Road. To achieve this goal, the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) method is employed using satellite imagery. This method is widely recognized for its effectiveness in detecting changes in built-up areas through remote sensing techniques. The calculated NDBI values reveal substantial expansion of built-up areas in the cities and regencies traversed by the Trans-Java Toll Road. Notably, two specific areas with the highest rates of change are investigated: Gresik Regency and Bekasi Regency, where the built-up areas have experienced remarkable growth of over 186.9% and 61.8% respectively over a five-year period. To validate these findings, Google Earth imagery is utilized for two different years, namely 2016 and 2021. The observed changes in these regions are predominantly attributed to the economic growth facilitated by the establishment of industrial areas. Consequently, the expansion of industrial zones and settlements has resulted in a notable reduction in wetland areas and a simultaneous increase in built-up areas.

Utilizing Google Earth Data to Assess Spatial-Temporal Land Use Changes around Jatibarang Reservoir, Semarang City Ayu Handayani; Adi Wibowo
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.612

This study aims to assess the spatial-temporal land use changes around Jatibarang Reservoir in Semarang City, Indonesia City from 2012 to 2022, utilizing Google Earth data. The Jatibarang Reservoir and its surrounding areas have been subject to rapid urbanization and land use transformations in recent years, leading to significant environmental and socio-economic implications. The classification accuracy of seven land use categories was validated, demonstrating a high level of accuracy. The analysis reveals a dominance of agricultural land use, with notable shifts observed in forest cover, settlements, and reservoir areas. Population growth, economic development, and policy interventions are identified as the main drivers behind these land use changes. The spatial analysis using Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA) indicates a scattered distribution pattern of land use changes, primarily concentrated in the western part of the reservoir area. These land use changes have significant social, economic, and environmental implications, impacting the sustainability of the reservoir and surrounding areas. The study highlights the need for improved data quality, rigorous validation methods, and spatial modeling approaches in future research. By understanding the dynamics of land use changes and their implications, policymakers and stakeholders can make informed decisions for sustainable land management and environmental conservation in similar contexts.

Contribution of ALOS PALSAR DEM Imagery to the Study of Geological and Morphostructural Lineaments of Boma Trough Block, Onshore Coastal Basin of D.R. Congo Shams Mbudi Diambu; Dominique Westhondo Osomba; Thomas Kanika Mayena; Clement N’zau Umba-di-Mbudi
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): January-June
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.632

Geological and morphostructural lineaments are considered as the surface expression of geological structures and linear features of valleys, ridges and river drainage systems. Lineaments extracted from satellite images have always been effective in understanding the structural context of a region. The lineaments observed on the surface provide information on the tectonic stresses that have affected an area and give a first impression of the probable existence and orientation of geological structures that may constitute oil traps at depth. This study aims to semi-automatically extract lineaments (by combining the use of GIS software, remote sensing and operator intervention) in Boma Trough Block, an oil block located to the east of D.R. Congo Coastal Basin and still poorly explored. The satellite image used in this work is an ALOS PALSAR DEM with a spatial resolution of 12.5m, enhanced in traditional hillshade (solar azimuth of 315° and 45°) and multidirectional hillshade; which allowed the extraction of 3129 lineaments, with lengths ranging from 0.16 to 3.79 km, oriented on multidirectional hillshade at 47.1% along the NW-SE direction, at 44.1% along the NE-SW, 7.3% for N-S and 1.4% for E-W. Lineament density mapping revealed that areas with high and very high densities cover 43% of ??the study area, where the Precambrian basement is largely outcropping, while low and very low density areas represent 41% and contain sedimentary formations. Areas with moderate densities covered ??16%. The lineaments extracted from the DEM image compared to the reality on the field show a positive correlation. This confirms the important contribution of the processing approach used in this study.

Subsurface Geotechnical Competence Evaluation Using Geoelectric Sounding and Direct Cone Penetrometer Test at Plural Garden Estate, Ilaramokin Southwestern Nigeria Igbagbo Adedotun Adeyemo; Andrew Ifeoluwa Afolayan; Bisola Stella Boluwade; Samuel Kayode Alabi
Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : MO.RI Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52562/injoes.2023.618

In order to evaluate the geotechnical competence of the subsurface soil materials at Plural Garden Estate, Ilaramokin Southwestern Nigeria, geotechnical investigations involving geoelectric sounding and Direct Cone Penetrometer Test (DCPT) was carried out in the estate. A total of 27 VES points and 8 DCPT points were occupied across the study area. A, H, K, Q and KH are the five sounding curve types delineated in the area. Resistivity values of the top soil, weathered layer, fractured layer and fresh bedrock vary from 65-864, 156-1698, 28-217, 433-12167 ohm-m respectively, while their thicknesses vary from 0.7-3.7, 2.4-10.5 and 6.3-40.1 m in the upper three layers respectively. The geoelectric sounding results were presented as depth slices at depths of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2.0 m competency maps. Larger part (70 to 80 %) of the surfaces (1.0 and 2.0 m) considered in the study area are characterized as moderate to high competent. The depth slice iso-resistivity maps indicated that geotechnical competence increases with depth within the shallow depths considered (0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2.0 m). Geotechnical test involving DCPT were done at common depth of 1.0 m to validate the 1.0 m competency map. The DCPT agreed with the geoelectrical derived 1.0 m depth slice competence map. Some zones suspected to be very low and low competence were revealed to be competent based on DCPT suggesting that the low resistivity may be due to the presence of non-plastic clay and moisture.

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Sumatera utara

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Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Riki Rahmad

Contact Email injoes@moripublishing.com

Phone +6285364961236

Journal Mail Official injoes@moripublishing.com

Editorial Address MO.RI Publishing Jl. Hasyim Tahir Griya Shafa Marwa Blok G6-7 Batang Kuis, Kab. Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara

Location Kab. deli serdang, Sumatera utara INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Riki Rahmad

Contact Email
injoes@moripublishing.com

Phone
+6285364961236

Journal Mail Official
injoes@moripublishing.com

Editorial Address
MO.RI Publishing Jl. Hasyim Tahir Griya Shafa Marwa Blok G6-7 Batang Kuis, Kab. Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara

Location
Kab. deli serdang,

Sumatera utara

INDONESIA