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BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional)
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 24605247     EISSN : 27210596     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20961/belli.v7i2
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Modern international law in the last few decades has experienced very rapid development, this is characterized by the emerge of the State in a modern sense, as well as a legal system that regulates relations between countries and international legal entities with each other. Relations between countries are no longer limited by absolute sovereignty, for example in the case of war crimes, the international community could sue countries or even individuals to be responsible for these actions based on universal principles. Recently, State practices is shifting from the hard law legal system to soft law which can be an alternative solution in breaking the deadlock when international political compromises are difficult to realize. Various international law development shows that there is a need for the international community to form a legal system that is acceptable to all parties, especially the State as a subject of international law par excellence. Therefore, the Belli ac Pacis Journal presents the multifarious developments in contemporary international law as a study of current State practices. The Belli ac Pacis Journal encompasses Public International Law, International Law of the Sea, International Humanitarian Law, International Environmental Law, International Criminal Law, International Organizational Law, International Dispute Settlement Law, Diplomatic Law, Air and Space Law, International Trade Organization Law, ASEAN Law, and International Economic Law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 90 Documents
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Tinjauan Hukum Humaniter Internasional terhadap Serangan Pemerintah Suriah di Ghouta Timur pada Februari 2018 Gilang Bima Sakti; Sri Lestari Rahayu
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 5, No 2 (2019): December, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (308.159 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v5i2.40026

Abstract

The humanitarian crisis due to the armed conflict between President Bashar Al-Assad’s government in Syria and residents in the town of Ghouta Timur is a serious concern for the community and international organizations. Moreover, attacks from the Syrian government caused many casualties in the form of civilians, so the Syrian government was also considered to heed international humanitarian law, and could be categorized as war crimes and crimes against humanity. This study aims to determine the arrangements of international humanitarian law against the attacks of the Syrian government in Eastern Ghouta and to know the enforcement of international humanitarian law against violations of the laws of war carried out by the Syrian Government in Eastern Ghouta. The legislation used as a reference includes the Hague Convention of 1907, the Geneva Convention of 1949; and Additional Protocols in 1977. Observations show that Syria was a country which only ratified several regulations relating to international humanitarian law, namely the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol I of 1977, and the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. Regulations on humanitarian law against Syrian attacks under the Convention I and Geneva IV Convention In 1949 had several articles governing violations of law committed by the Government of Syria, amounting to 11 Articles. Whereas according to Additional Protocol I, there are several Articles related to violations that occur in Syria, amounting to 7 Articles. The UN Security Council must establish an ad-hoc international court consisting of several judges, public prosecutors and court clerks from various countries. This court must be formed with the authority to try violations of humanitarian law in Syria because national law and justice in Syria do not want to try the accused. In addition to establishing a criminal court for the case of Syria, the United Nations and the international community have the authority to control the Security Council’s decision to anticipate the political elements of the veto that are used by some permanent members of the Security Council to revoke resolutions to end the war in Syria. The UN organization can use low-scale military forces based on the Responsibility to Protect principle, if the UN Security Council as a representative of the international community fails to bring the accused and prosecute before an international court of justice.
PENGGUNAAN PRINSIP INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY DALAM PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN HEWAN DI TEMPAT WISATA DARI KEKEJAMAN Johana Ake Christianti
BELLI AC PACIS (Jurnal Hukum Internasional) Vol 7, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (263.941 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v7i1.59986

Abstract

Good animal welfare occurs when the health, nutrition, behavior, environmental and psychological needs of animals are met. However, the captivity of wild animals by tourist attractions is often not able to meet the needs of these animals. In addition, the exhibition and training of wildlife by tourist sites is carried out through a process that results in unnecessary suffering. This legal research aims to analyze the legal protection of animal welfare from cruelty in tourist attractions based on the principle of Intergenerational Equity and to analyze the application of these principles in tourist attractions to the national laws of several countries (Indonesia and United Kingdom) in protecting animal welfare from cruelty. The results of this legal research show that: First, protection under existing international agreements has not been able to protect animal welfare from cruelty to the maximum, while the pure use of the principle of Intergenerational Equity cannot be the only source of international law to protectanimal welfare, especially in places travel. Second, Indonesian national law applies this principle more to animal welfare laws than national law of the United Kingdom does.
KEKUATAN MENGIKAT ASEAN MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATY (AMLAT) BAGI NEGARA ANGGOTA ASEAN DALAM RANGKA PENEGAKAN HUKUM KEJATAN TRANSNASIONAL Indira Devitasari
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 1, No 1 (2015): June, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (202.492 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v1i1.27362

Abstract

This research is conducted to get a legal argumentation related of the binding force in ASEAN Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (AMLAT) for ASEAN member countries. The question will be answered by determining the norms and principles of international law binding force. The sources of this research are international conventions, doctrine, customary international law, national law in some countries and other publications related to the binding force in AMLAT. The legal sources collected by study documentation and interviews are analyzed by interpretation and content analysis. The result show that the binding force in AMLAT based on the theory of natural law and theory of positive law. There are some obligations set out in article 1 , 4 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 AMLAT which has jurisdiction closure and different legal systems that is not working as enforcement mechanism for transnational crimes.
LEGITIMASI PENGGUNAAN CRUISE MISSILE SEBAGAI INTERSTATE WEAPON DALAM PERANG UDARA I Made Dwi Abiyoga Paramartha; Prasetyo Hadi Purwandoko; Rachma Indriyani
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 2, No 1 (2016): June, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (247.695 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v2i1.27444

Abstract

Cruise missile proliferation on air warfare allows states party of armed conflict to launch its weapon from outside the conflict zone over the territory of non adversary state. On the other hand, as a form of armaments development, cruise missile is still demanded because of its efficiency. Therefore the use legitimacy of cruise missile as interstate weapon in air warfare is a mechanism to ensure adversary parties to act under international humanitarian law for the use of cruise missiles. This research contains two main substances, first that legitimacy is necessary because although the lack of rules on air warfare today,  humanitarian law still obliges warring ordinances to be enforced impartially. Second, the use of the principle of military necessity, humanity, and chivalry answer the needs of a country to use cruise missile as a modern weapon and on the other hand to ensure minimizing the casualties.
YURISDIKSI UNIVERSAL PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMBAJAKAN KAPAL SAFMARINE ASIA Ermi Yanti; Diah Apriani Atika Sari
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 3, No 2 (2017): December, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (382.52 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v3i2.27486

Abstract

This legal research aims to identify and assess universal jurisdiction for piracy of the Safmarine Asia vessels. This research is a normative research viewed from prescriptive characteristic by statute and case approach, and uses primary and secondary legal materials through library research, and analyzed as syllogism. The result shows the law enforcement towards piracy on “Safmarine Asia” committed on the high seas by Somali pirates, under the doctrine of universal jurisdiction through national court of Kenya, in accordance with Convention on the High Seas (CHS) 1958, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation 1988 (SUA) 1988, and United Nations Security Council Resolutions. In addition, Kenyan jurisdiction was also fall under Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Government of Kenya and European Union concerning the transfer of persons suspected of having committed acts of piracy and prosecution also trial of transferred persons.
Pemenuhan Hak Pendidikan Anak bagi Pencari Suaka yang Transit di Indonesia Sembari Menunggu Status Pengungsi (Ditinjau dari The United Nations Convention on The Right of Childs 1989) Natasya Rizki Asti; Sri Lestari Rahayu
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 5, No 1 (2019): June, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (239.686 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v5i1.40016

Abstract

Ada sekitar 13.000 pengungsi dan pencari suaka di Indonesia meskipun Indonesia belum menjadi peserta Konvensi 1951 yang terkait dengan Keadaan Pengungsi (Konvensi Pengungsi) atau Protokol 1967. Meskipun bukan negara peratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi 1951, tetapi Indonesia meratifikasi The United Nations Convention on The Right of Childs 1989 yang membuat Indonesia memiliki kewajiban untuk memenuhi hak-hak pencari suaka dan pengungsi anak. Salah satu hak yang wajib di penuhi adalah hak pendidikan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pemenuhan hak pendidikan anak bagi pencari suaka anak di Indonesia sembari menunggu status pengungsi. Penulisan hukum ini termasuk penelitian hukum normatif-empiris bersifat deskriptif. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kualitatif. Bahan hukum penelitian ini mencakup bahan hukum primer dan sekunder dengan menggunakan teknik pengamatan atau observasi dan wawancara atau interview. Teknik analisis menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif dengan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan hak pendidikan bagi pencari suaka anak sudah dipenuhi oleh rumah detensi imigrasi yang menampung para pencari suaka anak tersebut.Keywords: 
ANALISIS HUKUM INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP PEMBERIAN SUAKA DIPLOMATIK KEPADA JULIAN ASSANGE OLEH KEDUTAAN BESAR EKUADOR DI INGGRIS Pinasthika Puspitaningrum
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 6, No 2 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (232.233 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v6i2.59972

Abstract

This article analyzes the problems of granting diplomatic asylum to Wikileaks inventor and organization leader Julian Assange by the Ecuadorian Embassy in the UK according to International Law. Methodology and research used are normative research methods, namely research based on legal materials whose focus is on reading and studying primary and secondary legal materials. Based on the results of the study, the authors concluded that Julian Assange, as the leader of Wikileaks, leaked state secrets and diplomatic wires was an act that violated International Law. This action violates Article 10 paragraph 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950 which stipulates that in freedom of expression, there are limits to the types of information that can be disseminated in the general public, one of which is information concerning the interests of a State. The granting of diplomatic asylum to Julian Assange invited controversy, because for some countries, Julian Assange was labeled a political criminal, which caused that a political criminal, according to the 1954 Caracas Convention, was not permitted for any reason to be granted diplomatic asylum. The controversy over giving asylum was inseparable from the demands of the Swedish Court of Julian Assange involved in rape cases in Sweden, which allegedly was an alibi and political pressure from the countries concerned.
PENYELUNDUPAN IMIGRAN DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Monica Kristiani Sitompul; Siti Muslimah; Anugrah Adiastuti
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 1, No 2 (2015): December, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (581.564 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v1i2.27406

Abstract

This research examined the problems regarding how the arrangement of immigrant smuggling on the sea based on UNCLOS 1982, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and its uniformity to domestic law  also how Indonesia's obligations in dealing with immigrants who enter Indonesian waters by way of smuggled upon international law. This research was prescriptive normative law using secondary data types included primary and secondary legal materials. Data collection technique used literature studies which were analyzed with deductive method. The results showed that the arrangement immigrant smuggling on the sea that is based on the Act No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Act No. 6 of 1996 on Indonesian Waters, Government Regulation No. 36 of 2002 on the Rights and Obligations of Foreign Ships to Implement of Innocent Passage pass through Indonesian Waters and Government Regulation No. 37 of 2002 on the Rights and Obligations of Foreign Ships and Aircraft to Implement Right Through Islands Lanes Archipelagic Sea Lanes Defined already appropriate with UNCLOS in 1982, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Obligation to handling these immigrants, the Directorate General of Immigration is helped by international organizations, namely the IOM and UNHCR. The need fulfillment such as food, beverage, medical, and daily necessities is assisted by IOM while the determination of immigrants as refugees or not is decided by UNHCR, if the asylum application is rejected then the immigrant will be deported to their home country and then Directorate General of Immigration will taking care of official documents for the migrant reparation into their country.
IMPLIKASI HUKUM TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN INCENDIARY WEAPONS DALAM KONFLIK BERSENJATA DI SURIAH DITINJAU DARI HUKUM HUMANITER Aryo Wahyutomo; Sri Lestari Rahayu
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 3, No 1 (2017): June, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (391.015 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v3i1.27472

Abstract

This research proposes to analyze the use of Incendiary Weapons in Syrian armed conflicts under International Humanitarian Law, as well as to determine the legal implications on the use of Incendiary Weapons in Syrian armed conflict. The results show that the practice of using Incendiary weapons by the Syrian and Russian government does not heed the rules in international humanitarian law and considered as war crime because the attacks launched by military jet of the Syrian Government On August 26, 2013 in the city of Urem Al-Koubra Aleppo and by the Russian government in the city of Aleppo and Idlib on 5 June to 10 August 2016 cause incidental loss to civilians and civilian objects in Syria. Under Article 2 of Protocol III Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons 1980 (CCW) It is prohibited in all circumstances to make any military objective located within a concentration of civilians the object of attack by air-delivered incendiary wepons. To create just war mechanism each parties to the conflict should respect and implement the rules of Humanitarian Law.
ANALISIS OTORISASI PENGGUNAAN KEKUATAN BERSENJATA OLEH EUNAVFOR MED DI LAUT MEDITERANIA TERKAIT PENYELUNDUPAN IMIGRAN BERDASARKAN UNSCR 2240, UNCLOS 1982, DAN SMUGGLING PROTOCOL 2000 Natalia A Rizki Asti
BELLI AC PACIS Vol 6, No 1 (2020): June 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/belli.v6i1.59966

Abstract

This research aims to examine the use of forceauthorization of EUNAVFOR MED in Mediterranean Sea regarding the migrant smuggling according to UNSCR 2240, UNCLOS 1982, and Smuggling Protocol 2000. This study is a normative legal research. The type of approach used is the legislative approach and the conceptual approach. The legal material of this study includes primary and secondary legal materials using library research techniques. The analysis technique uses syllogistic methods through deductive thinking patterns. The results of the study indicate that EUNAVFOR MED’s operation is a lawful use of force and migrant smuggling is a threat towards international peace and security which requires authorization to use armed force by UNSCR 2240. EUNAVFOR MED will retain the right to carry out their operations based on those three legal bases

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