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BKM Public Health and Community Medicine

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02151936 EISSN : 26148412 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320

Core Subject : Health,

Nursing Public Health

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan

Articles 1,012 Documents

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MOTIVASI MELALUI LAYANAN PESAN SINGKAT TELEPON SELULER PADA PERILAKU MEROKOK: Studi di Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak Abduh Ridha
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 28, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3384

MOTIVATION THROUGH CELLULAR PHONE SHORT MESSAGES IN SMOKING BEHAVIOR: A STUDY AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PONTIANAK Abduh Ridha1, Ira Paramastri2, Trisno Agung Wibowo3 ABSTRACT Background: An emerging health problem in Indonesia nowadays is younger age of smokers both nationally and in some certain areas. They are student, but most of them have been addicted to cigarette smokers. Considering the characteristics of teenagers, counseling method based on transtheoritical commonly used recently is short messaging technology. Objective: To identify effect of smoking cessation motivation message through short messages to self-efficacy; decisional balance; intention to quit smoking; and quantity of cigarettes smoked. Method: The study was an experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. Population of the study were smoking students at Muhammadiyah University of Pontianak that were in the pre-contemplation phase. The study involved two groups, experiment and control each consisting of 100 students. Results: Students that got short message intervention of smoking cessation encouragement did not get significant score of efficacy (α>0.05). Score of decisional balance changed significantly in the experiment group. The score decreased as much as 0.85 after intervention of encouragement through delivered short message. The score decreased due to the decrease of score in pro as much as 0.58 and the increase of score in contra as much as 0.23 (α<0.05). Changes of score in decisional balance also influenced increase of intention (R2=63.9%; X2=0.00). After the intervention there was increasing of intention in the experiment group as much as 37.5% (α<0.05). Conclusion: Students that got encouragement through cellular phone short message had better balance of decision and intention than those that did not get encouragement. Keywords: students, behavior, smoking, transtheoritical, smoking cessation 1 Muhammadiyah University of Pontianak 2 Faculty of Psychology, Gadjah Mada University 3 Health Departement of Yogyakarta Province

Hubungan antara Kecemasan dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia Di Kabupaten Banyumas Jawa Tengah Adi Isworo, M. Hakimi, Trisno Agung Wibowo
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 28, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Preeclampsia or eclampsia is a collection of symptoms that can occur in pregnant women, women in labor, and in the puerperium phase, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. The condition is sometimes accompanied by convulsions to coma, called eclampsia. The direct cause of maternal mortality rate (MMR) is bleeding (30%), eclampsia (25%), parturition time (5%), abortion complications (8%), and infections (12%). National maternal mortality rate in 2007 was 228/100.000 live births. MMR in Central Java in 2008 was 114.42 / 100,000. Banyumas, one of regencies in Central Java has the highest total fertility rate (2.31). MMR in 2009 was 41 cases due to cause’s preeclampsia/eclampsia, 9 cases (22%).Methods: Case-control, located in Banyumas. Subjects in this study drawn from the study population by accidental sampling; those are pregnant women who were diagnosed as preeclampsia. The sample consisted of 276 pregnant women (138 cases and 138 controls). Measurement of risk factors (anxiety) used a questionnaire T-MAS. Estimated magnitude of the risk factors determined by the odds ratio (OR) stratified by previous test and multivariate analysis to control the confounder.Results: 59 (42.8%) experienced anxiety. The results of bivariate analysis between the main variables of anxiety with the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women shown OR=7.84; (CI=3.967-15.501); p<0.01. Then, the results of bivariate analysis of external variables with preeclampsia: a history of preeclampsia OR=19.24; (CI:2.524-146.246); p<0.01, a history of descendants of preeclampsia OR=8.52 (CI=2.903-25.049);p<0.01, history of hypertension OR=12.50; (CI=3.714-42.065); p<0.01, and the history of the ANC OR=3.00; (CI=1.560-5.784); P<0.01. From the stratified analysis, a history of hypertension is a confounder with the difference of OR=24.2%. There are an interaction between anxiety and a history of preeclampsia, hypertension and offspring with the incidence of preeclampsia. The results of multivariate analysis of anxiety showed OR=11.36; (CI=5.400-23.902); p<0.01, a history of preeclampsia OR=11.050; (CI=1.285-95.057); p=0.02, a history of descendants of preeclampsia OR=8.46; (CI=2.636-27.200); p<0.01; history of hypertension OR=10.50; (CI=2.834-38.958); p<0.01, and the history of the ANC: OR=2.75; (CI=1.209-6.274), p=0.01. Equation model 3 can be accepted: Preeclampsia = -1,958 + 2,430 (anxiety) + 2,402 (history of preeclampsia) + 2,136 (history of descendants of preeclampsia) + 2,352 (history of hypertension) + 1,013 (history of the ANC)Conclusion: Anxiety associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. History of hypertension is a confounding variable. Furthermore, a history of preeclampsia, hypertension and history of descendants of preeclampsia are the giver of the effect of modification. In the multivariate analysis of main variables and external variables related to the incidence of preeclampsia is anxiety, a history of preeclampsia, history of descendants of preeclampsia, a history of hypertension and history of the ANC.Keywords: preeclampsia, anxiety, T-Mas (Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale)

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN GIZI DAN PESAN GIZI MELALUI SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL DI KABUPATEN BANTUL Nila Susanti Hamam Hadi Anis Fuad
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 28, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.3386

Background: Some studies report that low compliance with iron tablet taking in pregnant mothers is mainly caused by factor of forgetfulness. When forgetfulness becomes the main cause of incompliance with iron tablet taking, the presence or participation of husband or media to remind pregnant mothers is very important. One type of interpersonal communication that can be an alternative in efforts to improve nutrition awareness of the community especially pregnant mothers to increase compliance with iron tablet taking is the delivery of SMS as reminder combined with nutrition education of mothers. Objective: To find out impact of nutrition education and nutrition message through SMS to increase of hemoglobin level pregnant mothers at District of Bantul. Method: The study used a quasi experimental design (non equivalent control group design). The intervention given to subject of the study consisted of nutrition education using nutrition education method and SMS as reminder of nutrition and health of pregnant mothers and motivation for compliance with iron tablet taking. Group 1 got nutrition education and SMS, group 2 got nutrition education and group 3 was control group. Result: The result of Anova statistical test showed there was no difference (p=0.96) in increase of hemoglobin level in the experiment groups. The result of multivariate analysis showed that initial hemoglobin level of pregnant mothers and compliance of pregnant mothers with iron tablet consumption affected increase of hemoglobin. Conclusion: Nutrition education with SMS did not affect increase in hemoglobin level of pregnant mothers. Nutrition education did not affect increase in hemoglobin level of pregnant mothers. Initial hemoglobin level and compliance with Fe tablet taking affected increase in hemoglobin level of pregnant mothers. Keywords: nutrition education, SMS, hemoglobin, pregnant mothers

Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Terhadap Bahaya Rokok Bagi Kesehatan Melalui Poster Dengan Partisipasi Siswa di Kabupaten Gorontalo Fatmawati Mohamad, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Agus Priyanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 28, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Smoking can bring serious impact on human’s health. The habit of smoking from teenage period has the probability 50:50 to die at young age due to diseases associated with smoking. Therefore efforts to promote health on the danger of smoking are directed more to teenagers since they are the main target of cigarette industry. Lots of media that deliver health massages are currently not distributed. It is necessary to have participation of the target in developing media of health messages such as poster to overcome this problem.Objective: To identify impact of health education method through participatory posters to increase knowledge and attitude of students toward the danger of smoking for health, and find out the different impact of health education method using participatory posters and without poster in increasing knowledge and attitude of students toward the danger of smoking on health.Method: The study was quasi experiment that used pre-test post-test with control group design. Participants of the study were students of SMP Negeri 1 Limboto Barat, SMP Negeri 2 Telaga and SMP Negeri 3 Limboto. Samples were taken purposively. Data were obtained through questionnaire of knowledge and attitude and analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.Result: Average increase of knowledge and attitude was significant found among three groups. The highest increase of knowledge was found in the participatory poster group and the highest increase of attitude was found in the sticking poster group. Difference in average knowledge of the three groups was significant, but not in average attitude (p>0.05).Conclusion: Participatory poster method was more effective in improving knowledge of students about the danger of smoking than attitude. This method could be an alternative in the socialization of the danger of smoking for health.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, smoking, poster, health education

Faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Wanita Pekerja dengan Peran Ganda Kabupaten Bantul Tahun 2011 Elvyrah Faisal, Bambang Djarwoto, Berty Murtiningsih
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 28, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Hypertension or high blood pressure is lethal disorder that can be found in the people at developed countries and developing countries. The prevalence of hypertension in Yogyakarta Special Region based on the result of blood pressure measurement was 28.4%, the prevalence of hypertension in Bantul Regency based on the result of blood pressure measurement was 23.9%. The morbidity of hypertension for 2006 to 2010 experienced significant increasing. The prevalence of hypertension in female was higher compared in male and tends to increase each year.Objectives: To knowing the risk factors of hypertension in the worker female with double role in Bantul Regency in 2011.Methods: This was observational analytic study by case control design, the subject of the study was the worker woman that meet inclusion criterion and the one that meet exclusion criterion was excluded. The number of subject was 216. Analysis was performed used Mc Nemar test with significance level at 95%, and then was followed by conditional logistic regression analysis to knowing the dominant factors of the hypertension incidence.Results: The result of the study showed that the variable of physical activity (OR= 5.69, 95%CI= 2.248-14.448), psychosocial stress (OR= 3.28, 95%CI= 1.051-10.263), obesity (OR= 2.78, 95%CI= 1.061-7.331), family history (OR= 2.19, 95%CI= 1.051-4.587), education (OR= 4.62, 95%CI= 1.624-13.161), contraception usage (OR= 3.99, 95%CI= 1.159-13.763) were risk factors for hypertension incidence in the worker woman with double role in Bantul Regency.Conclusion: The risk factors of hypertension incidence in the worker woman with double role were physical activity, psychosocial stress, obesity, family history. Work load was not risk factors for hypertension incidence in the worker woman with double role in Bantul Regency.Keywords: risk factors, hypertension, worker woman with double role

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Sistem Pemberian Asuhan Keperawatan di Ruang Rawat Inap Terhadap Kinerja Perawat Ibrahim Rahmat Antom Kurnia Mariyono Sedyowinarso
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 28, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Nursing service is part of hospital service that supports the process of healing and recovery ofthe patient. Quality of nursing service reflects quality of service to patients. Model of Professional NursingPractice (MPNP) is a method to improve quality of nursing care. It is a system that includes structure, process,and professional values that enable professional nurses to manage nursing care. Performance of professionalnurses is reflected in behavior of nurses in managing patients. Presently nursing service has not met expectationof patients and their families. The practice of nursing service in most of hospitals in Indonesia has not reflectedthe practice of professional service. Some previous studies revealed that performance of nurses had not metthe standard, it mostly belonged to average. Therefore Grhasia Hospital implements 3 categories of service:service based on MPNP, toward MPNP and non MPNP which have not been evaluated.Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the difference in performance of nurses in providing mentalhealth nursing service in the ward with MPNP, toward MPNP, and non MPNP.Method: The study used cross sectional design and descriptive comparative approach, involving 31 nursesand 60 medical records at the ward of Class 1, L2 and L2A of Grhasia Hospital Yogyakarta. Data were obtainedthrough questionnaire and documentation study.Result: The result of the study showed compliance of nurses with nursing care standard of nurse performancein the ward with MPNP in average was 92.61%, toward MPNP in average was 77.64%, and non MPNP was inaverage 75.99%. Based on perception of nurses, performance in the ward with MPNP was in average 3.35, inthe ward toward MPNP was in average 2.85, and in the ward non MPNP was in average 2.81. The result ofstatistical analysis showed there was difference in performance between ward with MPNP, toward MPNP andnon MPNP in compliance with standard of nursing care with score of p=0,001 (p<0.05).Conclusion: Performance in the ward with MPNP was in good category, in the ward toward MPNP was also ingood category, whereas in the ward non MPNP was in average category, There was significant difference inperformance between the ward with MPNP, toward MPNP and non MPNP. The management of Grhasia Hospitalshould adopt MPNP of nursing care system in all the wards.Keywords: performance, model of professional nursing practice, nursing care system

Pengembangan Media Komunikasi, Informasi, dan Edukasi Kesehatan Bagi Masyarakat Daerah Bencana Gunung Berapi di Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta Oktarina Mugeni Sugiharto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 28, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Geographically Indonesia is one country that exists within the ring of volcanoes of the world (ring of fire) which has 130 active volcanoes (including Mount Bromo, Mount Merapi, Mount Karakatau, etc.). These volcanoes stretches 7000 kilometers form the volcanic belt of Aceh to Sulawesi Utara. This study aims to promote communication media, information and education (IEC) for public health in the affected areas EC Media, Disasters, VolcanoesMethod Descriptive research methods. Primary data collection carried out by a structured questionnaire and to dig deeper conducted Focus Group Discussion (FGD) on the stakeholders at the Provincial Health Office, District Health Office, Health Center, Head, The Village, religious leaders and local community leadersResults: The results showed that the media are used for special education counseling volcanic disaster areas of health does not exist, only the use of masks and counseling about health behavior. Because the volcanic disaster in just a few districts only, so there is no media in particular. Knowledge of respondents in the area of Mount Merapi in Sleman of the status of the volcano most of the 57% did not know and only 43% know the right way. Mortality / death rate due to volcanic disaster of the population according to the Lahore district health department in November 2010 as many as 201 people. For the majority of deaths due to hot lava.Conclusion: In order to support the Act No. 24 of 2007 on disaster-prone communities are entitled to obtain information, education/training and skills in the face of catastrophic volcanic eruption, and the Health Act No. 36 of 2009 Section 7 reads every person is entitled to receive health information and education regarding the balanced and responsible, it is suggested that this media can be applied in all health centers especially in the area of volcanic disaster.Keywords: IEC media, disasters, volcanoes

Analisis Spasial Pupa Ae. Aegypti dan Temporal Faktor Iklim yang Mempengaruhi Insidensi Demam Berdarah Andreas Purwanto Hari Kusnanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 27, No 4 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a health problem in Gowa Regency. The effective way to reduce the incidence of DHF is reducing the vector population. Using the new relatively of vector index, i.e. pupae/person index, is regarded well than some indices to measure the vector density. Yet, a Stegomyia index is still commonly used in present because of practice and simple. Then, all of indices need to be tested by correlate the vector indices with the incidence of DHF. In this study, demographic/pupae survey is used to knowing each of vector indices. Besides, mapping is done to know the disperse pattern of Aedes vector, then knowing the correlation of climate and the incidence of DHF.Objective: Examining the vector indices that can be trusted for routine survey, understanding the epidemiology of Aedes vector by knowing their disperse pattern, and predicting the early season of dengue transmission to prevent increasing of DHF casesMethod: This was an analytic study with cross-sectional design, using the demographic/pupae survey to know pupae/person index and Stegomyia indices by 496 houses. Index score is correlated by the incidence of DHF in RT’s. Tools of ArcGIS are used to testing the spatial analysis, i.e. Average Nearest Neighbor Distance, to know the tendency of pupae clustering. Pearson correlation is used to testing the incidence of DHF by climate.Results and conclusions: There are significantly positive correlations in BI and CI by the incidence of DHF (p<0,05), there are no correlation in HI and pupae/person index by the incidence of DHF. The pupae spots that mapped tend to cluster (p<0,05). There are negative correlations in range of minimum-maximum temperature by the incidence of DHF.Keywords: stegomyia indices, pupae/person index, cluster, climate, Gowa Regency

Perilaku Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Ida Rahmawati Julita Hendrartini Agus Priyanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 27, No 4 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: The issue of dental and oral health is a vulnerable issue faced by groups of elementary school age children. Dental Health National Data (2006) showed that the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia was about 90% of the 238 million of Indonesian population and the number of children aged 15 years and under who sufferred from dental caries reached 76.5%. The data in 2008 from Banjar Municipal Health Office showed that the number of elementary students in Banjar District who suffered dental caries was by 65% which caused students often not to attend school.Objective: To know the factors that influence dental and oral health behaviors in elementary school children in BanjarDistrictMethods: This was an observational quantitative research using a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Banjar District, South Kalimantan Province in two subdistricts ie Astambul and Martapura subdis-tricts. The population of this study was the mothers and elementary school age children in Banjar District. Study sample was the mothers and elementary school children in grade III aged 6-12 years old. The total sample was 126 people. The bivariate data analysis used chi-square test and logistic regression for multivariable analysis.Results: Distribution of knowledge level about dental health of elementary school children was good (54.8%); attitude of the mothers was in moderate category (45.2%); behavior of the mothers was also in moderate category (42.9%); neighborhood of elementary school children in the District Banjar was in good category (56.3%), and most of elementary school children in Banjar District had the correct behavior towards dental and oral health, with a frequency of 61.1%. The bivariate analysis showed that the variables of knowledge, attitudes, environment and behavior were significant to the children’s behavior with p-value of 0.0001, and the children’s behavior was significant with dental and oral health status with p-value of 0.0001. These results were followed with the multivariable analysis showing significance to dental health status (knowledge OR = 2.5 and p = 0.025; attitudes OR = 2.7 and p = 0.032; mother’s behavior OR = 2.9 and p = 0.027; environment OR = 3.2 and p = 0.007; children’s behavior OR = 4.6 and p = 0.018).Conclusion: The majority of mothers in Banjar District had good knowledge, attitudes, and behavior on children’s dental and oral health status. The environment of elementary school children in Banjar District was also quite positive in supporting the children’s behavior to maintain the dental and oral health status.Keywords: dental and oral health, knowledge, attitudes, behavior and environment

Kurang Energi Kronis Ibu Hamil sebagai Faktor Risiko Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah Virdaus Syarifuddin Muhammad Hakimi Berty Murtiningsih
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 27, No 4 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: Infants of low birth weight (LBW) is associated with high infant mortality rate. In 2009 the infant mortality rate in the Bantul district reached 11.49 per 1000 KH of which 36.6% are caused by low birth weight. Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) and maternal age are risk factors for the dominant cause of LBW in 2009.Objectives: To know the description of the case of CED, LBW and the magnitude of the risk of CED on the incidence of LBW in Bantul district.Methods: The study design is Matched case-control study. The study population was the mother who gave birth during the year 2010 and 2011, the study site sub-divided based on the cluster. The case is the mother who gave birth to babies with weight <2500 grams, the control is the mother who gave birth to a baby weighing > 2500 grams. Large sample of cases was 149 people, with a 1:1 ratio of cases and controls were then obtained a total sample of 298 people. Sampling controls through matching on parity and maternal age. The data obtained were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariable, then presented in tables and graphs.Results: In multivariable analysis, there are two significant variables related to LBW: CED (OR = 3.95; 95% CI = 2.147 to 7.299, p <0.001) and anemia (OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.660 to 6.051; p <0.001).Conclusion: CED was suffer from 69,1% respondents. Mother who gave birth to babies with LBW, 83,2% suffer from CED and 94,6% lack of iron intake. Pregnant women with CED-risk gave birth to babies with LBW. Pregnant women who suffer from CED and anemia predicated 75.53% will give birth to babies with LBW.Keywords: KEK, low birth weight, matched case control study

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Ika Kusumaningtyas

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Kab. sleman,

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