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Coinciding SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV patients with cerebral toxoplasma Dika Chandra Bintari; Paulus Sugianto
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 1, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

A massive and notorious impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected communities worldwide, urging extra preventive measure, especially for individuals with comorbidities including those who are suffering from human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). We reported a case of a 45-year-old man with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and HIV infection as well as toxoplasmosis. The patient presented to the hospital with decreased consciousness and stiffness on both hands and feet accompanied with loss of appetite, fever, and coughing. Since 2014, he had been diagnosed with HIV and undergone combined antiretroviral therapies. Toxoplasmosis was revealed by multislice computed tomography (MSCT) showing multiple rim-like lesion in cortex-subcortex of left temporal lobe along with surrounding perifocal oedema. Furthermore, the finding was corroborated by the contrasted image exhibiting rim enhancement patterns. The patient was also RT-PCR confirmed Covid-19. Following examinations, the patient received pyrimethamine with a loading dose of 200 mg. The management was continued with oral intake of pyrimethamine, clindamycin, folic acid, and vitamin B6 for maintenance dose. This case report suggests that HIV patient suffering from COVID-19 can be treated with antiretroviral therapies since the specific antivirus for SARS-CoV-2 has not yet available. We believe that this case report could contribute to more understanding on the development of clinical management for COVID-19 in HIV-positive patients.

Microbial assessment of indoor air of the applied microbiology laboratory, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria Ezemba AS; Nwabisi CM; Udemezue IO; Ezemba CC; Osuala OJ
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 2, No 1 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Air is made up of enormous number of microorganisms mainly fungi and bacteria spores. Their estimation is important as an indication of cleanliness of any particular environment. The present study was carried out to assess microorganisms in indoor air of the Applied Microbiology laboratory of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Prepared plates of Sabouraud Dextrose agar (SDA), Nutrient agar (NA), and Blood agar were exposed for ten minutes for culturing of microorganisms. The NA and Blood agar plates were incubated at 37oC for 24h while the SDA plate was incubated at room temperature for 48h. A total of ten (10) microorganisms were isolated from the samples. These include six (6) bacteria and four (fungal) species. The bacterial isolates include; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., and Proteus sp. The fungal isolates include Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., and Rhizopus sp. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp. with 25% and 35% occurrence. Proteus sp., Streptococcus sp., E. coli, and P. aeruginosa had 20%, 10%, 5%, and 5% percentage occurrences respectively. Aspergillus and Penicillium sp. were the most frequently isolated fungal isolates with 40% and 30% occurrence respectively. Fusarium sp. and Rhizopus sp. both had 20% and 10% occurrence respectively. With this result, attention must be given to control those environmental factors which favor the growth and multiplication of microbes in the indoor air of the laboratory and air sterilization should be carried out to safeguard the health of users and workers.

A rare case of varicella zoster virus encephalitis in a 16 years old unvaccinated girl Abdul Wali Khan; Abad Khan; Muhammad Ishaq; Irfan Ullah; Marhami Fahriani
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 1, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

We reported a 16-year-old girl, with diffuse vesicular rashes all over the body, presented to the emergency department with altered mental status, irritability, persistent fever and one episode of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After thorough evaluation and investigations, the case was a varicella zoster-associated encephalitis in an unvaccinated patient. Appropriate treatment was initiated, the patient was then shifted to the critical care and subsequently discharged with no sequelae. Early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized as they play an important role in the clinical outcome of chickenpox-associated encephalitis.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a farmer and vegetable seller: Associated with exposure of multiple work-related hazards? Dewi S. Soemarko; firly ratsmita
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 1, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

There are several risk factors associated with the incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), namely genetic factors, smoking, and occupational exposure to chemicals. We highlight a possible association of a CLL case and the occupational. We reported a case of CLL patient, a 69-year-old man, who had been working as a vegetable seller and a chili farmer since 15 and 4 years ago, respectively. The patient was diagnosed with CLL three months prior to admission and had a history of three times blood transfusions. The patient only complained of paleness and weakness without any specific symptoms. No swelling of the lymph nodes, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly was found. As a vegetable seller and chili farmer, the patient was exposed to five hazards, physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic to psychosocial. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse whether there was an association between the patient's work and the current CLL. To diagnose occupational diseases, several steps are needed. In this patient, one of the risk factors that could lead to CLL was exposure to chemicals such as pesticides. However, information regarding the content of pesticides used was unclear and there were no results obtained from pesticides biomarker examination that might cause the disease, making it difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis of work-related cause. The patient could be advised to have biomarkers of pesticide substances checked, which requires control of farmers and vegetable sellers who might have been exposed to pesticides. The control mechanism might be started from elimination, substitution, engineering, administration, and use of personal protective equipment. A control mechanism is necessary to prevent the entry of contaminants into the body, especially through inhalation, oral, and dermal pathways. It is recommended to examine for biomarkers of pesticides containing organophosphates, organochlorines, or carbamates to determine the chronic effects on the accumulation of these chemicals that might cause CLL.

Characteristics of referred patients to the Emergency Department in Aceh before COVID-19 pandemic Meilya Silvalila; Nurul Huzaifi; Shefina Pyeloni Harnold; Reza Akbar
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 2, No 1 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

As an important entry point for referral patients, the management of the Emergency Department to care and implement the best possible treatment are required. The Emergency Department of provincial hospital plays a vital role as a referral hospital of all district-level hospitals to provide initial treatment for a broad spectrum of illnesses and injuries. In Aceh, many referral issues were encountered at the Emergency Department of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, which categorized the referral patient's condition that was considered to improve clinical care to patients referred. This quantitative study aims to determine the characteristics of patient referral and the referral issues encountered at the Emergency Department of dr. Zainoel Abidin. In total, 1674 patients were recruited using the purposive sampling method from April to June 2019. The results showed that most referral patients arrived at the Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital emergency room during the night and very few arrived in the morning. Most patients arriving at the Emergency Department of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital at night were from Aceh Singkil and Gayo Lues. Meanwhile, patients from Aceh Besar, Aceh Jaya, Banda Aceh, Pidie, and Pidie Jaya mostly arrived at the Emergency Department Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital during the afternoon. Most patients from Sabang and Simeulu came in the morning. The most commonly referred patients were adult and elderly patients, aged 46-65 years. Most of the patients had been treated in the daycare unit at the previous hospitals with the longest hospital stay was 36 days before being referred to Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital. Head injuries and strokes were the most frequent diagnosis led to Emergency Department Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital. Furthermore, our study found that 51% of the referral care system issue was that the patient did not arrive at the Emergency Department of Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital after being confirmed to be referred through telephone. Most of this issue happened in June for an unknown reason. At the same time, another 23% was due to the unavailability of intensive care.

COVID-19 with acute hepatitis A virus co-infection in a fully-vaccinated individual: a case report Masra Lena Siregar; Rabid Yahya Putradasa; Arini Nisaul; Suheir Muzakkir
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 1, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

In a developing country with varying degree of public hygiene and sanitation, prevalent infectious diseases such as hepatitis A (HAV) could add to the burden of infection during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and complicate its gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestation. Here we present a case COVID-19 with acute hepatitis A virus co-infection in a young female with fever, joint pain, non-productive cough, loss of smell, abdominal discomfort, darkened urine, and pale loose stool before admission. The significant finding was slightly icteric sclera, hepatomegaly with tenderness in the epigastrium and right upper quadrant, increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, C-reactive protein and, D-dimer. A naso-oropharyngeal swab examination for SARS-CoV-2 infection was positive, and IgM anti-HAV was reactive with a total anti-HAV titer 60 mIU/mL. Subsequently, she was hospitalized for 14 days, successfully recovered; her symptoms resolved and her level of liver enzymes back to normal, and she was discharged for self-isolation at home. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection came back negative 7 days later. In light of the pandemic, physicians need to raise suspicion of co-infection of COVID-19 with other hepatitis viruses in cases with gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestation. A marked increase in liver enzyme may warrant further testing for hepatitis viruses where such infection should be suspected.

Pregnancy in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) Aulia Mustika; Aruman Yudantho
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 1, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Pregnancy in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has an extremely high risk. However, DCM is usually asymptomatic at a young age. In pregnancy with DCM, it appears progressive and becomes symptomatic. and mimicking with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). We reported a case of a 23-year-old woman who was 20 weeks pregnant with her first child complained of chest palpitations and severe faintness. These progressive symptoms have happened and started during pregnancy. This case report suggests that physiological and emotional burdens are greater during pregnancy, especially for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. This condition often leads to the progression of the DCM. The DCM often headways from the asymptomatic phase upturn to the symptomatic stage.

3D molecular structure analysis of NS2B/NS3 proteases derived from dengue virus and Zika virus Arli Aditya Parikesit; Stefanus Bernard
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 2, No 1 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Both dengue and Zika viruses have infected millions of people worldwide, urging the development of efficacious drugs and vaccines to fight the infection. Unfortunately, current research is yet to elucidate the structural proteomics comparison of the NS2B/NS3 from both viruses. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to comparatively study the structural proteins between dengue and Zika viruses by leveraging standard homology modelling tools. Our data provide 3D molecular structure overviews of NS2B/NS3 derived from the foregoing viruses. Sequence alignment indicated that the viruses share a 56% similarity rate of protein structures. However, in terms of function, both have NS2B that is pivotal for the activation of NS3 proteases.

Prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among undergraduate students of a private university in Ogun State, Nigeria Seyi Samson Enitan; Joan Odigie; Oluyemisi Ajike Adekunbi; Okondu Ogechukwu Emmanuel; Nwachi Idume Ogbonna; Tsague Metago Claudette Laura; Chukwudi Amaechi Ofodile; Grace Eleojo Itodo; Marcel Edafetanure-Ibeh; Abiodun Oluwasegun Adetola
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 1, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

This cross-sectional, institutional-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of shigellosis and associated risk factors among Babcock University students in Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) undergraduate students, 80 females and 40 males, were asked to provide stool specimen in a sterile leak-proof single-use universal bottle with a screw-capped lid. Standard microbiological techniques were used to analyse the stool samples. A questionnaire was designed to collect demographic and clinical information from participants. The data obtained were statistically analysed using the SPSS Statistics software (version 18.0). The study showed that there was no occurrence of shigellosis among the study participants (0%), but other enteric pathogens infection were present in all participants (100%). The three most common mono-infections found among the study participants included Staphylococcus aureus (40%), followed by Escherichia coli (16.7%), and Salmonella typhi and Bacillus spp. (3.3%, each). While the most common prevalence of dual-infections included Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (33.3%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi (3.3%). The proportion of participants who were asymptomatic (66.7%) was significantly higher than the symptomatic ones (33.3%). Identified risk factors of non-Shigella enteric infection included consumption of beef, vegetables, fruits, poultry/poultry products, as well as street foods, poor hand hygiene before eating, anal cleaning, and poor hand hygiene after toileting. Although shigellosis did not exist among undergraduate students of Babcock University, this study highlighted the existence of other enteric infections among the study participants. Therefore, the necessary preventive measures should be ensured and sustained.

The pandemic of COVID-19 decreased adherence to treatment among hypertension patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital Ghina Salsabila Rahman; Muhammad Ridwan; Hilwah Nora; Maimun Syukri; Fitri Dewi Ismida
Trends in Infection and Global Health Vol 1, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Treatment adherence is an essential factor in controlling blood pressure among hypertensive patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on treatment adherence among hypertensive patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Aceh, Indonesia, as well as to determine its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cardiac Center by utilizing medical records of hypertensive patients visiting during the period of April-July 2019 and December 2020-March 2021. Bivariate analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients’ adherence. The results showed that the number of patients adhering to treatment significantly decreased (p=0.000) by 22.7%, from 179 patients in 2019 to 64 patients in 2020. The data also suggested a significant positive association between residential and patient adherence before the pandemic (p=0.006); however, no significant difference was observed between residential and patients’ adherence after the pandemic (p=0.282). Furthermore, our study found no association between age and adherence before and after the pandemic (p=0.690 in 2019 and p=0.125 in 2020). In conclusion, the pandemic of COVID-19 significantly affected treatment adherence among patients with hypertension at Aceh provincial hospital, with a decreased number in patient visits up to 22.7%.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Baidillah Zulkifli

Contact Email
baidillahzulkifli@unsyiah.ac.id

Phone
+6282170722752

Journal Mail Official
baidillahzulkifli@unsyiah.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Teuku Tanoh Abee, Kopelma Darussalam, Kec. Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh, Aceh 24415

Location
Kab. aceh besar,

Aceh

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Baidillah Zulkifli

Contact Email baidillahzulkifli@unsyiah.ac.id

Phone +6282170722752

Journal Mail Official baidillahzulkifli@unsyiah.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Teuku Tanoh Abee, Kopelma Darussalam, Kec. Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh, Aceh 24415

Location Kab. aceh besar, Aceh INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Baidillah Zulkifli

Contact Email
baidillahzulkifli@unsyiah.ac.id

Phone
+6282170722752

Journal Mail Official
baidillahzulkifli@unsyiah.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Teuku Tanoh Abee, Kopelma Darussalam, Kec. Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh, Aceh 24415

Location
Kab. aceh besar,

Aceh

INDONESIA