IJRETINA - International Journal of Retina
International Journal of Retina is an open access journal, accepting article in English language from all over the worlds. The aims is to provide international researchers, doctors, and clinicians in the basic and clinical fields of ophthalmology, especially retina to publish the original article, case reports, or systematic review.
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<![CDATA[REMARKABLE RESULT TOWARDS RETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Rofa Husnul Khuluqi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nadia Artha Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Susanto Nugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[Lely Retno Wulandari]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.190
<![CDATA[Introduction: To present the clinical findings of Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) Retinopathy and its rapid resolutions following treatment with steroid. Case report: A 14-year-old female patient presented with decreased vision in the left eye. There was history of AIHA. Visual acuity was 1/60 in LE and 6/6 in RE. There was conjunctival pallor, and the other anterior segment were unremarkable. Fundus examination of left eye revealed flame shaped and dot blot hemorrhage, roth’s spots, optic disc swelling, venous turtuosity, and elevated macula. There were afferent pupil defect, red green deficiency, and contrast sensitivity decline. Hematological evaluation revealed anemia. A MRI Head and Orbital examination were unremarkable. Discussion: This patient was assessed with LE Anemic retinopathy due to AIHA. The patient’s visual acuity improved as the retinopathy resolved after 1 month of oral steroid therapy. Conclusion: Anemia may play a role in the occurrence of retinopathy. The diagnosis of retinopathy can be made by linking ophthalmic fndings with positive serological test. Accurate comprehensive examination can establish the systemic diagnosis, and control of systemic parameters will improve retinopathy, reverse vision loss, and avoid permanent blindness]]>
<![CDATA[CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VITRECTOMY PATIENTS IN THE CASE OF RHEGMATOGEN RETINA DETACHMENT IN PROF DR R D KANDOU CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, MANADO ]]>
<![CDATA[ade John Nursalim]]>;
<![CDATA[Vera Sumual]]>;
<![CDATA[Eugeni Jumilia Rachel Sumanti]]>;
<![CDATA[irene Rumampuk]]>;
<![CDATA[Christian Maramis Komaling]]>;
<![CDATA[Stevanus J Loho]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.188
<![CDATA[Abstract Introduction Rhegmatogenous retinal detachmet (RRD) is an ophthalmology urgency that can cause blindness if treated late. Incidence of RRD has increasing overtime. We describe the clinical characteristics of vitrectomy patients in RRD cases at prof dr R D Kandou hospital, north Sulawesi Province, Manado City, Indonesia. Method The study was conducted based on a retrospective search on the medical record data of 72 RRD patients who underwent vitrectomy in the period June 2018-2020. result The most gender was male as many as 43 patients (59.70%), the most age were in the 51-60 years range as many as 33 patients (45.83%), the eyes affected by RRD were mostly right eyes as many as 41 patients (56, 9%), the location of the break was mostly in the superotemporal area as many as 28 (38.9%), the status of the macula was mostly macular off as many as 44 patients (61.10%), the anesthesia used was local anesthesia in 69 patients (95.80 %), the time taken for the procedure was more than 1 month for all patients. conclusion The clinical characteristics of RRD patients at Prof dr R D Kandou Hospital are in line with trends in several places in the world. Time to do vitrectomy need to be evaluated and corrected to improve visual prognosis.]]>
<![CDATA[MANAGEMENT OF LARGE IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLE WITH PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND MODIFIED MINIMAL ILM PEELING WITH SUPERIOR ILM FLAP ]]>
<![CDATA[Fatimah Syakirah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramzi Amin]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdul Karim Ansyori]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.189
<![CDATA[Introduction: Idiopathic macular hole is an anatomic discontinuity of the neurosensory retina in the center of the macula or fovea resulted from tractional forces on the foveola at the vitreoretinal interface not associated with other causes. Diagnosis and management of this condition requires expertise, skills, and specialized examination to detect changes in the retina which is important for deciding the appropriate management. Case Report: We report a case of 66-year-old man with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) in the right eye with initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 20/1200. Fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed the presence of large full thickness macular hole with mean linear diameter 673 µm and posterior hyaloid still attached to the optic nerve. The patient was managed with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery using modified minimal internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with superior ILM flap and SF6 gas tamponade. Two weeks after surgery OCT showed closure of the macular hole. BCVA at two and four weeks after surgery improved to 20/240 and 20/200 respectively. Discussion: PPV with ILM peeling is one of the standardized procedures in IMH surgery. Failure of the vitrectomy surgery to close the macular hole or late reopening of initially successfully closed holes may occur without removal of the ILM due to ILM role as a scaffold for cellular proliferation or attachment of contractile tissue that may cause persistent vitreomacular traction. Variations of ILM peeling such as inverted ILM peeling has been used to improve closure rate for large IMH and has showed favorable results both anatomically and functionally. Nowadays, to avoid or minimize the damage of retinal microstructure by ILM peeling, some surgeons introduced new techniques aiming to preserve the ILM for IMH. Minimal ILM peeling with superior ILM flap technique in this case was done to obtain MH closure with less microstructural retinal abnormalities and better visual outcomes. Conclusion The management of large IMH with PPV and modified minimal ILM peeling with superior ILM flap in this case showed good results in terms of anatomic and functional outcomes.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease among diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India ]]>
<![CDATA[Ksheeraja Y]]>;
<![CDATA[Ramya M]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.178
<![CDATA[Introduction:To analyze the Prevalence of advanced diabetic eye disease(ADED) among diabetic patients Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 1650 patients with a history of type 2 diabetes who visited ophthalmology department were enrolled in study. History regarding socioeconomic status, literacy level, duration of diabetes, comorbidities, medications, HbA1c levels were analyzed. Visual acuity,Slit-lamp, fundus examination were done.Medical/surgical intervention was done to restore vision. Results: A total of 1650 patients with a history of type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Among them 327 patients had fundus changes of diabetic retinopathy, hence the prevalence of DR among diabetics was 19.81%. Out of 327 patients, 53 patients had advanced diabetic eye disease and the prevalence of ADED among Diabetics was 3.20%. The mean age of the patients was 50.91+/- 9.06years.There were 42 (79.24%)males and 11 (20.7%)females.24 (45.28%)patients had vision of 6/6 - 6/60, 28 (52.83%|) patients had vision 5/60-CFCF.15(28.30%) patients had PDR with vitreous hemorrhage.12 patients (22.64%) had PDR with subhyaloid hemorrhage,11 patients (20.75%) had PDR with FVP sparing macula,13 patients(24.52%) had PDR with FVP involving the macula,2 patients(3.77 %) had PDR with Neovascular glaucoma.34 patients (64.15%) underwent PRP,19 patients (35.84 %) needed surgical intervention. Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients was 19.81%. The prevalence of Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease among diabetic patients was 3.2%. Hence Effective implementation of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies has the potential to significantly reduce blindness due to DR.]]>
<![CDATA[VITREORETINAL DISEASES IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF BALI MANDARA EYE HOSPITAL IN 2019 ]]>
<![CDATA[Ni Made Tyas Dwi Arshanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ni Luh Diah Pantjawati]]>;
<![CDATA[I Ketut Semara Budiyasa]]>;
<![CDATA[Cindy Hartono]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.148
<![CDATA[Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify the pattern and distribution of vitreoretinal (VR) diseases in Bali Mandara Eye Hospital Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted for this study. We reviewed all medical records of new patient diagnosed with VR diseases, from 1 January to 31 December 2019. We recorded and measured demography, history of systemic and eye disease, symptoms and onset, ophthalmic examinations, diagnostic investigations, final diagnoses, therapies, and the completion of the visit. Results: Out of 2118 total visits, we found 1191 new cases with VR diagnosis. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. We found a group of 46-65 years is represented in 678 cases (56.9%). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the most commonly found as a systemic disease (15.5%), followed by the combination of diabetes and hypertension (14%) and hypertension alone (12.9%). History of previous cataract surgery was found in 174 cases (14.6%). Out of 1191 patients, 553 patients (46.4%) were blind. The most common diagnosis was diabetic retinopathy (19.7%), followed by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (10.8%), and vitreous opacity (9.9%). Diabetic retinopathy affected both eyes in 302 cases (89.6%), while rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and vitreous opacity commonly affected one eye in 177 cases (95%) and 123 cases (73%), respectively. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy was found in 171 cases (50.7%). Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were the most two common diagnoses. The proliferative type was slightly common than Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. As diabetes and hypertension were the most systemic conditions we found, a collaboration with another department is needed to create a strategic screening system and early detection. An evaluation related to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is needed to decrease the number of cases.]]>
<![CDATA[THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DURATION OF SILICONE OIL TAMPONADE AND RETINAL REDETACHMENT AFTER SILICONE OIL REMOVAL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS ]]>
<![CDATA[Andi Arus Victor]]>;
<![CDATA[Enzo Sapuandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Raymond Pranata]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.183
<![CDATA[Background: Silicone oil (SO) removal following vitrectomy and injection of silicone oil may cause retinal redetachments (re-RD), with duration of tamponade being considered as the risk factor. So, we wanted to evaluate the duration of silicone oil tamponade as a risk factor of retinal redetachments after silicone oil removal. Result: Ten studies comprising of 2120 eyes were included in this review. Pooled analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the re-RD group and the non-re-RD group in terms of SO duration (mean difference -1.87 months; 95% CI, -3.87 to 0.13; p=0.07; I2=53.1%). The re-RD rate did not differ between the shorter and longer duration of SO tamponade (OR=1.44; 95% CI, 0.54 to 3.82; p=0.47; I2: 63.3%). Conclusion: The duration of SO tamponade was not associated with re-RD after SO removal.]]>
<![CDATA[RETINAL IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM USE OF RITONAVIR AMONG HIV PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FOR PRIMARY EYE CARE PRACTICE ]]>
<![CDATA[Zakirunallah - Karunia]]>;
<![CDATA[Ivana Beatrice Alberta]]>;
<![CDATA[Salsha Alyfa Rahmani]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.179
<![CDATA[Introduction: Ritonavir as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a potent inhibitor of HIV protease that have been reported causing retinal impairment in the long term use. Primary eye care (PEC) is an integral part of primary health care that provides an early screening for drug induced retinal toxicity, by using a funduscopy examination. This study proposed to review and analyze some case reports conducted on long-term use of ritonavir that affects retinal impairment among HIV patients, in primary eye care practice. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were used to perform a systematic review of retinal impairment associated with long-term use of ritonavir among HIV patients. Using PRISMA 2020 Guidelines, nine case reports and one case series were included in this review. Result: Funduscopy mainly showed bilateral Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) atrophy with hypertrophy or mottling. Two cases found bilateral crystalline deposits with pigment disruption. One case showed rounded hypopigmented lesion. Bilateral subtle annular pattern of RPE was found in one case. Bilateral retinitis pigmentosa-like appearance found in one case while another found unilateral hyperemic lesion at the left fovea. Conclusion: Retinal impairment detected on funduscopy occurred in HIV patients on long-term use of ritonavir.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in People with Type 2 Diabetes Attending Community Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Greater Bandung, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Aldiana Halim]]>;
<![CDATA[Syumarti Syumarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Mayang Rini]]>;
<![CDATA[Nina Ratnaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Erwin Iskandar]]>;
<![CDATA[Iwan Sovani]]>;
<![CDATA[Rova Virgana]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Rinaldi Dahlan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.172
<![CDATA[Introduction: Determine the prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among people with type 2 diabetes. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: We obtained data of people with type 2 diabetes retrospectively from a community-based DR screening database in Greater Bandung, Indonesia. We encoded the two fields mydriatic 45-degree fundus images to estimate prevalence. The associated factors analysis used multivariate logistic regression. Results: We screened a total of 4,251 people with type 2 diabetes from January 2016 to December 2019. The overall age-standardised prevalence of any DR was 30.7% (95% CI: 28.7%-32.8%) and vision-threatening DR 7.6% (95% CI: 6.5%-9.0%). The following factors were associated with a higher prevalence of any DR: ages 50+ (OR:1.37; 95% CI:1.05-1.77), duration of diabetes five to ten years (OR:1.38; 95% CI:1.11-1.71) and more than ten years (OR:1.40; 95% CI:1.13-1.73), and postprandial blood glucose 200 mg/dl and higher (OR:1.27; 95% CI:1.03-1.52). The following factors were associated with a higher prevalence of vision-threatening DR: duration of diabetes five to ten years (OR:2.01; 95% CI:1.39-2.91) and more than ten years (OR:1.86; 95% CI:1.28-2.71), postprandial blood glucose 200 mg/dl or higher (OR:1.52; 95% CI:1.05-2.21) and systolic blood pressure 180 mmHg or higher (OR:2.67; 95% CI:1.16-6.17). Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is prevalent among people with type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes should regulate their blood glucose and blood pressure to prevent retinopathy related vision loss.]]>
<![CDATA[CONGENITAL ARTERIO-VENOUS MALFORMATION OF OPTIC NERVE HEAD- A RARE CASE ]]>
<![CDATA[Vikas Sharma]]>;
<![CDATA[Ankuj Tinna]]>;
<![CDATA[Vikas Ambiya]]>;
<![CDATA[Atul K Singh]]>;
<![CDATA[Ritesh Waghray]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.173
<![CDATA[Introduction: Retinal arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) are rare, congenital, high-flow congenital developmental vascular anomalies without intervening capillary bed also known as racemose angioma, They are unilateral, nonhereditary lesions located anywhere in retina and may involve optic nerve. Case report: A 55 year old male was found to have abnormal congenital arterio-venous malformation over optic nerve head in his left eye, as an incidental clinical finding. He had reported for his routine fundus examination due to diabetes. He had no other relevant systemic findings. Further follow up was advised to see the progression of the lesion and structural damage to optic nerve. Discussion: The typical clinical picture, fluorescein angiogram findings, normal MRI brain and orbits, and normal base line blood investigations all points in favour of a congenital arterio-venous malformation. Conclusion: Arterio- venous malformations of Optic nerve head are very rare to find as compared to retinal malformations. This is the first such case report from India.]]>
<![CDATA[CLINICAL PROFILE AND VISUAL OUTCOME AFTER ERM REMOVAL- AN EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE REFERRAL CENTER IN NORTH INDIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Shabnum nabi Var]]>;
<![CDATA[Perveiz Ahmad Handoo]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.184
<![CDATA[Introduction: ERM is a cellular proliferation on the inner retinal surface and possesses contractile properties which leads to variable visual symptoms. Method: Thirty-four patients affected with epiretinal membrane were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent standard three port pars plana vitrectomy using standard 23-gauge instruments. Both ERM and ILM peels were performed in a circumferential pattern around the fovea. Patients were followed for 6 months. The visual outcome measures included postoperative logMAR visual acuity. The anatomical outcome was measured as decrease in foveal thickness on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Perioperative factors including duration of symptoms, preoperative visual acuity, etiology, membrane type and leakage on fundus fluorescein angiogram were correlated with the final visual outcomes. Results: The mean age of the patients in this study was 60.25 17.5 years with a range of 16 to 80 years. 19 patients (56%) were males. 33 patients had a unilateral ERM and 1 patient had an ERM in both eyes. Diminution of vision was the most common symptom in 34 patients, distortion of vision (metamorphopsia) was seen in 20 (58.8%) patients. The mean pre-operative log MAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.4±0.77 and the mean post-operative log MAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.9 ±0.63. Out of 34 patients in our study, 31 (91.2%) had improvement in VA, and the remaining 3 (8.82%) patients had no improvement and none of the patients had decreased vision. 16 patients had ≥2 lines of improvement in visual acuity. 15 patients had less than 2 lines of improvement. Conclusion: ERMs pose a significant risk to compromise the vision and affect varied age groups. ERM removal through standard three port pars plana vitrectomy offers an effective and safe procedure with better post operative visual outcomes.]]>
