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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006" : 10 Documents clear
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANDED LEAF AND SHEATH BLIGHT DISEASE (Rhizoctonia solani KUHN) IN CORN WITH FORMULATED Bacillus subtilis BR23 Muis, Amran; Quimio, Arcadio J.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. causing banded leaf and sheath blightdiseases is one of the important fungi of corn world wide. Thefungus is commonly controlled by using fungicide because noresistant variety available. The objective of the study was todevelop a seed treatment formulation of the selected Bacillussubtilis to control R. solani in corn. The study was conductedin the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture,University of the Philippines Los Bañòs, College, Laguna fromMay 2004 to August 2005, using sweet corn var. IPB Supersweetas test plant. Corn seeds were surface sterilized for 10 minutesin 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5% ethanol, washedthrice with sterile distilled water and air-dried. The seeds werecoated with formulated B. subtilis BR23 and used for severalexperiments, such as evaluation for their germination andgrowth in the laboratory, effectively on R. solani in the bakedand nonbaked field soil under greenhouse condition, and in themicroplots artificially infested with R. solani. The treatmentwas compared with other standard seed treatment of syntheticfungicides such as captan (10 g per kg seeds) and metalaxyl (10g per kg seeds). The experiments were designed in a completelyrandom design with three replications. Parameters observedwere seed germination, plant height, disease scores, and plantyield. Laboratory formulated B. subtilis BR23 used as seed treatmenthad no detrimental effects on seed germination andseedling vigor. In microplots artificially infested with a selectedhighly virulent R. solani, seed treatment with the same formulationincreased grain yield by 27% compared to that of thecontrol captan seed treatment with 14.4%. The studies showedthe potential of B. subtilis BR23 for commercialization as aseed treatment for the control of banded leaf and sheath blightdisease (R. solani) in corn.
EFFECT OF HEAT MOISTURE TREATMENT OF SAGO STARCH ON ITS NOODLE QUALITY Purwani, E .Y.; ., Widaningrum; Thahir, R .; ., Muslich
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Sago starch has potential as source of flour for noodle. However, noodle made of sago starch has only been limitedly utilized due to the absence of gluten and lack of desired functional properties. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) is a promising technique for improving quality of sago noodle. The objectives of the present work were to study the effect of HMTof sago starch on its noodle quality. Four different origins of sago starch, i.e. Tuni, Ihur, Molat, and Pancasan, were treated with HMT method. HMT was performed by exposing the starch to high temperature (110oC for 16 hours) at moisture content of 25%. Sago starch was then processed into noodle. It was prepared by mixing the sago starch with binder (completelygelatinized starch and additive) into dough. The dough was pressed manually through a container with holes in the base. Noodles strains were steamed for 2 minutes and dried at 50oC in a convection drier. As the control, non-HMT sago starch was used and evaluated. Parameters evaluated were starch properties, physical strength, and cooking and sensory quality of the noodles. Analyses of variance was subjected to allparameters. Research results showed that the starch exposed to HMT changed its pasting profile from initial type A before treated to type B after treated. The noodle quality was also improved. Noodles resulted from starch treated with HMT showed higher firmness and elasticity, but they have lower stickiness compared to those of non-HMT. Less cooking lossand rehydration weight were also found, however, HMT increased cooking time of the noodles. HMT on Pancasan sago starch resulted in noodles which were preferred most by panelists. However, consumer testing is recommended to further validate consumers preferences to the sago starch noodles. The study indicated that sago starch could be potentiallyused as raw material for noodles to increase the consumption of sago-based food.
THE ROLE OF POSTHARVEST MACHINERIES AND PACKAGING IN MINIMIZING AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUT Paramawati, Raffi; Widodo, Puji; Budiharti, Uning; ., Handaka
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

As a tropical country with relatively high humidity and temperature, Indonesia is struggling with aflatoxin which frequently contaminates peanut. Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic toxic substance that could cause liver cancer. Due to the increasing concern on food safety, the Indonesian Drugs and Foods Agency specifies the maximum aflatoxin allowed in peanut as much as 20 ppb. However, researches showed that aflatoxin contamination in peanut in Indonesia is much higher than the threshold. The study was carried out to observe the effect of using postharvest machineries and packaging  treatments on aflatoxin contamination in peanut. Reduction of postharvest processes was conducted by using series of machineries, e.g. thresher, dryer, and sheller. Packaging treatments, e.g. vacuum plastic pack, hermetic glass chamber, and polyethylene (PE) plastic wrap were carried out during storage at ambient temperature (25-27°C). The results showed that using machineries in postharvest handling produced peanut free from aflatoxin contamination. However, without effective packaging, the aflatoxin level would increase during storage. Hermetic packaging could protect peanut from the mold as indicated by low level of aflatoxin contamination.
EFFECT OF BIO FERTILIZER ON MATURE OIL PALM IN NORTH SUMATRA AND RIAU -Adiwiganda, Y . Taryo; Tarigan, Balaman; Purba, Berani
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Chemical fertilizers have routinely been applied at oil palmplantations to maintain soil fertility. Due to the increase ofchemical fertilizer prices, some efforts have been done at suchas to reduce cost and increase efficiency in chemical fertilizerapplication at oil palm plantations include the use of biofertilizer (BF). The objective of experiment was to evaluatethe effect of reducing oil palm standard dosage of chemicalfertilizers combined with BF on mature oil palm yield. Theexperiment was carried out in 2002-2003 covering an area of4367 ha at PTPN IV in North Sumatra and of 515.58 ha atPTPN V in Riau. The planting material was Dura x Pasiferavariety and planted in 1980-1995. A randomized block designwas used having three fertilizer treatments: (A) 100% chemicalfertilizer (normal dosage), (B) 75% chemical fertilizer + BF, and(C) 50% chemical fertilizer + BF. The replications at PTPN IVand V were 11 and 7, respectively. The BF was applied firstlyin May 2002. Dosage of BF was 250 g tree-1 yr-1. The BF wasgiven in pockets with four pockets per palm tree. The parametersobserved were fresh fruit bunch (FFB) weight, averageof bunch weight, and average of bunch number. Results of theexperiments showed that palm yield treated with 75% chemicalfertilizer + BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF were both notsignificantly different with palm yield treated with 100%chemical fertilizer. The application of 75% chemical fertilizer+ BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF gave benefit of Rp509,093and Rp1,231,535 ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Technically, nutrientsgiven as chemical fertilizers using combination of 75%chemical fertilizer + BF are still higher than the nutrientstransported into 26 tons palm FFB ha-1 yr-1. Fertilizer treatmentcombination of 50% chemical fertilizer + BF will technicallybe safe only for palm yield of <16 tons palm FFB ha-1yr-1, since nutrients given as fertilizer are still higher than thosetransported into the palm yield.
THE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRICE AND QUALITY OF RICE AT MARKET LEVEL IN WEST JAVA Rachmat, Ridwan; Thahir, Ridwan; Gummert, Martin
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Rice consumers in Indonesia exhibit wide preference variability and consumption patterns, largely because of the archipelagic nature of the country. Nowadays, the consumers become more discriminating on the rice quality due to the higher incomes and better life. Consumers are willing to pay higher price for specific quality. The objective of the study was to analyze relationship between price and grades of rice and consumer preference. The study was based on survey conducted from April 2004 to March 2005 at three-rice market centers representing a village market(Pasar Inpres) in Subang, district capital market (Pasar Johar) in Karawang, and rice center market (Pasar Induk Cipinang) in Jakarta, respectively. Parameters evaluated were changes in the quality and price of rice over time. The quality of the rice at each market was sampled monthly from two traders consisting three samples each. The rice quality was graded using existing local standar, i.e. grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3, and the price of each grade was recorded. The physical qualities of the rice samples such as moisture content, grain dimensions, percentage of whole kernels, grain color, and impurities/dockage (foreign matters, unhulled grains, and milled rice) were determined by ISO 950:1979 (for cereals-sampling as grain). Whereas the chemical qualities such as amylose and gelatinization were analyzed using Rapid Visco Analisis. The study showed that rice quality varied, most of them were long and slender kernels, chalkiness ranged between 10-20% (scale 5), and head ricearound 69-84%. The amylose content was intermediate (20-21%), the gelatinization temperature was high-intermediate (70-74oC), and the gel consistency was soft (65-70). The quality incentive, defined as the  additional return assuming the quality level can be raised from grade 3 to grade 1, was up to Rp700 kg-1 (~25%). The price difference among markets could reach Rp630 kg-1 (~22%). The study indicated that rice color was the important parameter determining consumers’ preference,and consequently ditermining price difference. The correlation between the rice price and its grade was significant (R= 0.95).
THE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRICE AND QUALITY OF RICE AT MARKET LEVEL IN WEST JAVA Ridwan Rachmat; Ridwan Thahir; Martin Gummert
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v7n1.2006.p27-33

Abstract

Rice consumers in Indonesia exhibit wide preference variability and consumption patterns, largely because of the archipelagic nature of the country. Nowadays, the consumers become more discriminating on the rice quality due to the higher incomes and better life. Consumers are willing to pay higher price for specific quality. The objective of the study was to analyze relationship between price and grades of rice and consumer preference. The study was based on survey conducted from April 2004 to March 2005 at three-rice market centers representing a village market (Pasar Inpres) in Subang, district capital market (Pasar Johar) in Karawang, and rice center market (Pasar Induk Cipinang) in Jakarta, respectively. Parameters evaluated were changes in the quality and price of rice over time. The quality of the rice at each market was sampled monthly from two traders consisting three samples each. The rice quality was graded using existing local standar, i.e. grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3, and the price of each grade was recorded. The physical qualities of the rice samples such as moisture content, grain dimensions, percentage of whole kernels, grain color, and impurities/dockage (foreign matters, unhulled grains, and milled rice) were determined by ISO 950:1979 (for cereals-sampling as grain). Whereas the chemical qualities such as amylose and gelatinization were analyzed using Rapid Visco Analisis. The study showed that rice quality varied, most of them were long and slender kernels, chalkiness ranged between 10-20% (scale 5), and head rice around 69-84%. The amylose content was intermediate (20-21%), the gelatinization temperature was high-intermediate (70-74oC), and the gel consistency was soft (65-70). The quality incentive, defined as the additional return assuming the quality level can be raised from grade 3 to grade 1, was up to Rp700 kg-1 (~25%). The price difference among markets could reach Rp630 kg-1 (~22%). The study indicated that rice color was the important parameter determining consumers’ preference, and consequently ditermining price difference. The correlation between the rice price and its grade was significant (R= 0.95).
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANDED LEAF AND SHEATH BLIGHT DISEASE (Rhizoctonia solani KUHN) IN CORN WITH FORMULATED Bacillus subtilis BR23 Amran Muis; Arcadio J. Quimio
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v7n1.2006.p1-7

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. causing banded leaf and sheath blight diseases is one of the important fungi of corn world wide. The fungus is commonly controlled by using fungicide because no resistant variety available. The objective of the study was to develop a seed treatment formulation of the selected Bacillus subtilis to control R. solani in corn. The study was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Bañòs, College, Laguna from May 2004 to August 2005, using sweet corn var. IPB Supersweet as test plant. Corn seeds were surface sterilized for 10 minutes in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5% ethanol, washed thrice with sterile distilled water and air-dried. The seeds were coated with formulated B. subtilis BR23 and used for several experiments, such as evaluation for their germination and growth in the laboratory, effectively on R. solani in the baked and nonbaked field soil under greenhouse condition, and in the microplots artificially infested with R. solani. The treatment was compared with other standard seed treatment of synthetic fungicides such as captan (10 g per kg seeds) and metalaxyl (10 g per kg seeds). The experiments were designed in a completely random design with three replications. Parameters observed were seed germination, plant height, disease scores, and plant yield. Laboratory formulated B. subtilis BR23 used as seed treatment had no detrimental effects on seed germination and seedling vigor. In microplots artificially infested with a selected highly virulent R. solani, seed treatment with the same formulation increased grain yield by 27% compared to that of the control captan seed treatment with 14.4%. The studies showed the potential of B. subtilis BR23 for commercialization as a seed treatment for the control of banded leaf and sheath blight disease (R. solani) in corn.
EFFECT OF HEAT MOISTURE TREATMENT OF SAGO STARCH ON ITS NOODLE QUALITY E .Y. Purwani; Widaningrum Widaningrum; R. Thahir; Muslich Muslich
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v7n1.2006.p8-14

Abstract

Sago starch has potential as source of flour for noodle. However, noodle made of sago starch has only been limitedly utilized due to the absence of gluten and lack of desired functional properties. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) is a promising technique for improving quality of sago noodle. The objectives of the present work were to study the effect of HMT of sago starch on its noodle quality. Four different origins of sago starch, i.e. Tuni, Ihur, Molat, and Pancasan, were treated with HMT method. HMT was performed by exposing the starch to high temperature (110oC for 16 hours) at moisture content of 25%. Sago starch was then processed into noodle. It was prepared by mixing the sago starch with binder (completely gelatinized starch and additive) into dough. The dough was pressed manually through a container with holes in the base. Noodles strains were steamed for 2 minutes and dried at 50oC in a convection drier. As the control, non-HMT sago starch was used and evaluated. Parameters evaluated were starch properties, physical strength, and cooking and sensory quality of the noodles. Analyses of variance was subjected to all parameters. Research results showed that the starch exposed to HMT changed its pasting profile from initial type A before treated to type B after treated. The noodle quality was also improved. Noodles resulted from starch treated with HMT showed higher firmness and elasticity, but they have lower stickiness compared to those of non-HMT. Less cooking loss and rehydration weight were also found, however, HMT increased cooking time of the noodles. HMT on Pancasan sago starch resulted in noodles which were preferred most by panelists. However, consumer testing is recommended to further validate consumers' preferences to the sago starch noodles. The study indicated that sago starch could be potentially used as raw material for noodles to increase the consumption of sago-based food.
THE ROLE OF POSTHARVEST MACHINERIES AND PACKAGING IN MINIMIZING AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUT Raffi Paramawati; Puji Widodo; Uning Budiharti; Handaka Handaka
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v7n1.2006.p15-19

Abstract

As a tropical country with relatively high humidity and temperature, Indonesia is struggling with aflatoxin which frequently contaminates peanut. Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic toxic substance that could cause liver cancer. Due to the increasing concern on food safety, the Indonesian Drugs and Foods Agency specifies the maximum aflatoxin allowed in peanut as much as 20 ppb. However, researches showed that aflatoxin contamination in peanut in Indonesia is much higher than the threshold. The study was carried out to observe the effect of using postharvest machineries and packaging  treatments on aflatoxin contamination in peanut. Reduction of postharvest processes was conducted by using series of machineries, e.g. thresher, dryer, and sheller. Packaging treatments, e.g. vacuum plastic pack, hermetic glass chamber, and polyethylene (PE) plastic wrap were carried out during storage at ambient temperature (25-27°C). The results showed that using machineries in postharvest handling produced peanut free from aflatoxin contamination. However, without effective packaging, the aflatoxin level would increase during storage. Hermetic packaging could protect peanut from the mold as indicated by low level of aflatoxin contamination.
EFFECT OF BIO FERTILIZER ON MATURE OIL PALM IN NORTH SUMATRA AND RIAU Y Taryo Adiwiganda; Balaman Tarigan; Berani Purba
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v7n1.2006.p20-26

Abstract

Chemical fertilizers have routinely been applied at oil palm plantations to maintain soil fertility. Due to the increase of chemical fertilizer prices, some efforts have been done at such as to reduce cost and increase efficiency in chemical fertilizer application at oil palm plantations include the use of bio fertilizer (BF). The objective of experiment was to evaluate the effect of reducing oil palm standard dosage of chemical fertilizers combined with BF on mature oil palm yield. The experiment was carried out in 2002-2003 covering an area of 4367 ha at PTPN IV in North Sumatra and of 515.58 ha at PTPN V in Riau. The planting material was Dura x Pasifera variety and planted in 1980-1995. A randomized block design was used having three fertilizer treatments: (A) 100% chemical fertilizer (normal dosage), (B) 75% chemical fertilizer + BF, and (C) 50% chemical fertilizer + BF. The replications at PTPN IV and V were 11 and 7, respectively. The BF was applied firstly in May 2002. Dosage of BF was 250 g tree-1 yr-1. The BF was given in pockets with four pockets per palm tree. The parameters observed were fresh fruit bunch (FFB) weight, average of bunch weight, and average of bunch number. Results of the experiments showed that palm yield treated with 75% chemical fertilizer + BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF were both not significantly different with palm yield treated with 100% chemical fertilizer. The application of 75% chemical fertilizer + BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF gave benefit of Rp509,093 and Rp1,231,535 ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Technically, nutrients given as chemical fertilizers using combination of 75% chemical fertilizer + BF are still higher than the nutrients transported into 26 tons palm FFB ha-1 yr-1. Fertilizer treatment combination of 50% chemical fertilizer + BF will technically be safe only for palm yield of <16 tons palm FFB ha-1 yr-1, since nutrients given as fertilizer are still higher than those transported into the palm yield.

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