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Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik

MKKP
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Published by Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia

ISSN : 18296971 EISSN : 24604461 DOI : 10.20543

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik (Journal of Leather, Rubber, and Plastics) publishes original research focused on materials, processes, and waste management in the field of leather, rubber, and plastics.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Tenik Industri dan Manufaktur

Articles 15 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik" : 15 Documents clear

Influence of some mechanical finishing processes on manufactured leather properties Nasr, Ahmed Ibrahim
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of using some mechanical finishing processes on final properties of produced leather types. Nappa, nubuck, pigmented and corrected grain leather types were produced by applying some of the following operations: hang drying, vacuum drying, molissa staking, drum milling, buffing, spraying and/or embossing surface with extreme pressure. Hydrophobic-hydrophilic status, scanning electron micrographs, organoleptic and mechanical properties were determined on all finished leather types. Results showed that water behavior was hydrophobic for nappa leathers, while it was hydrophilic with the rest of produced leather types. Buffing surface in nubuck leather increases the water absorption and water vapor permeability, while the opposite was found when applying external coat layer in pigmented and corrected grain leathers. Applying vacuum drying in nappa leathers increases surface smoothness and surface water contact angle while decreases tensile and tearing strengths. These results elucidate that all studied leather types are suitable for manufacturing purposes except nubuck leather which is not recommended for footwear uppers manufacturing due to its high water absorption. The present study emphasized that while mechanical finishing processes could have profound effects on leathers surface behavior, they must be adequate to the requirements and properties of the end products.

Determination of vulcanization rate constant, crosslink density, and free sulfur content on carbon black flled EPDM Setyorini, Ike; Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Diï¬erent ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composite with the carbon black (CB) variation of 50, 60, and 70 phr (per hundred rubbers) is compounded by using an efcient (EV), semi-efcient (SEV), and conventional (CV) sulfur vulcanization systems. This research aims to investigate the eï¬ect of vulcanization systems and carbon black content on the vulcanization rate constant, the crosslink density, and the free sulfur content. This research shows the EV system resulting in the fastest vulcanization rate constant (0.0191/second), the lowest overallcrosslink density (0.0022 mol.cm-3), and the highest percentage of free sulfur content in the EPDM vulcanization (0.40 %). The CV system provides the slowest vulcanization rate constant (0.0061/second) and the highest overall crosslink density (0.0034 mol/cm-3). The percentage of free sulfur content in the EPDM vulcanization of CV system is between EV and SEV systems. The SEV system provides the vulcanization with the characteristic of vulcanization rate constant and overall crosslink density between EV and CV systems as well as provides the lowest percentage of free sulfur content (0.29 %). The higher carbon black loading in each vulcanization systems means the lower rate constant of vulcanization and the higher overall crosslink density.

Curing characteristics, swelling, and mechanical properties of natural rubber/nitrile butadiene rubber blends with and without compatibilizer Yuniari, Arum; Mayasari, Hesty Eka; Setyorini, Ike
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The use of methyl methacrylate butadiene styrene (MBS) as a compatibilizer for natural rubber (NR) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends has been investigated. Research on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties, swelling, and morphology (SEM) has been conducted to determine the compatibility of NR/NBR blends in the presence of MBS. Based on the cure characteristics, it is indicated that the presence of MBS was affected significantly by maximum and minimum torque. The addition of MBS improved the mechanical properties and the oil resistance of NR/NBR blends due to the compatibility and better interfacial adhesion between rubber phases. The experiment showed that MBS loading by 2.5 phr was the optimum level for NR/NBR blends.

Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of NR/EPDM blends with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer: The eï¬ect of the reactive accelerators Mayasari, Hesty Eka; Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Thermal characteristic is important to determine the thermal resistance of a polymer. In this work, the thermal characteristics of the NR/EPDM blends was investigated to study the storage and application condition of the blends. The NR/EPDM blends were prepared in the two-roll mill by using MAH as a compatibilizer with several types of accelerators, i.e., MBTS from thiazole group, the combination of MBTS and TMTD from thiuram group, and TBBS from sulphenamide group. This research used the thermogravimetric method with the heating rate of 10, 15, and 20ÂºC/min. The kinetic parameters are calculated by using Coats-Redfern equation. The degradation of NR/EPDM blends occurs in two stages (frst stage at 220-420ÂºC and second stage at 420-520ÂºC). Combination of MBTS and TMTD give higher energy activation (112.236 kJ/mol), followed by MBTS-blend (111.999 kJ/mol), and TBBS-blend (110.856 kJ/mol). Combination of MBTS and TMTD accelerator with MAH as the compatibilizer is the proper choice for NR/EPDM blends to get a good thermal stability.

Katalitik transfer hidrogenasi lateks karet alam dengan senyawa diimida pada skala semi pilot Puspitasari, Santi; Cifriadi, Adi
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Â Â Â Â Peningkatan ketahanan oksidasi termal karet alam dapat memperluas aplikasinya terutama untuk pembuatan produk karet yang diaplikasikan di luar ruangan. Karet alam tahan oksidasi termal dapat dibuat secara transfer hidrogenasi menggunakan senyawa diimida yang dihasilkan secara insitu dari oksidasi hidrasina hidrat oleh hidrogen peroksida. Pada riset ini dipelajari kondisi optimum reaksi transfer hidrogenasi lateks karet alam pada skala semi pilot berkapasitas 2,5 kg lateks pekat/batch berkatalis asam borat. Sistem kestabilan koloid lateks selama reaksi dipertahankan dengan penambahan kombinasi surfaktan anionik/nonionik. Variabel yang ditetapkan dalam reaksi meliputi suhu (40 dan 50oC) dan rasio konsentrasi hidrasina hidrat (40 dan 42,5 phr) terhadap hidrogen peroksida (30 dan 35 phr). Berdasarkan hasil analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif terhadap karet terhidrogenasi diketahui bahwa kondisi optimal reaksi transfer hidrogenasi lateks karet alam dicapai pada suhu 50oC dengan rasio konsentrasi hidrasina hidrat/hidrogen peroksida sebesar 42,5/35 phr. Pada kondisi reaksi tersebut, karet terhidrogenasi memiliki sifat ketahanan oksidasi termal yang lebih baik dibandingkan karet alam murni yang ditunjukkan dengan Â wujud bertekstur kokoh, keras, dan tidak lengket, indeks ketahanan plastisitas tertinggi sebesar 38,5% dan derajat hidrogenasi sebesar 60,48%. Karet hidrogenasi tersebut juga memiliki kadar gel yang rendah sebesar 56,98%.

Acknowledgment S, muhammad
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The utilization of sodium lignosulphonate extracted from Egyptian rice straw in leather tanning process Nasr, Ahmed Ibrahim; Taha, Mohamed Gaber; Yosef, Hany Y; El-Shaer, Mohamed A
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Massive quantities of rice straw are burned annually in Egypt and caused environmental hazards. The present study investigated the utilization of rice straw to produce sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) as a water-soluble derivative of lignin in leather tanning and evaluate its usage as a tanning or re-tanning material as well as its effect on leather quality. The results of testing SLS as a leather tanning agent were unsatisfactory due to its slight effect on shrinkage temperature of leathers, unlike its use as a re-tanning material. Four concentrations of SLS (0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) were used in re-tanning forty of sheep wet-blues. The results showed that using SLS as a re-tanning agent with concentration till 10% from pelts weight enhances some organoleptic properties, such as fullness and general appearance together with slight improvement in physical properties of leathers. Moreover, the addition of SLS with concentration 20% led to an excessive swelling in the collagen fibers as shown from depicted scanning electron micrographs and decreased trends of physical properties.

Sheep wool-derived hydrolyzed keratin from tannery waste of the tanning industry using perhydrol Prayitno, Prayitno; Rahmawati, Dona; Griyanitasari, Gresy
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Sheep wool waste discharged from leather tanning industry recently has posed a problem in relation to itsÂ treatment because of its sizeable quantity and its difficulty to degrade. Wool is composed mainly of keratin. It is aÂ protein with a high content of disulfide bonds which cause the protein keratin cannot dissolve in water and resistÂ of diluted acids and alkalis. Keratin can be hydrolyzed to produce keratin hydrolysates which have many benefits such as for cosmetic additives. Research into the use of waste wool of sheep originated from the sheep leatherÂ tanning industry had been performed by using a hydrolyzed system to produce protein keratin. The waste wool usedÂ came from unhairing by painting and conventional unhairing. Hydrolysis was done using hydrogen peroxide 50%Â amounting to 70 ml for every 40 gr of wool. Hydrogen peroxide was added to wool immersed in the 0.5 M NaOHÂ solution for three hours. The length of hydrolysis ranged from 4, 5, to 6 hours and the mix was stirred shortly everyÂ 1 hour followed by filtration using a coarse sieve. To precipitate the hydrolyzed keratin, the pH was decreased toÂ 4-5 using the 2 M HCl solution and after separation of the precipitation, it was dried in the oven at a temperature not more than 50 oC for 2 days. The research findings showed that a maximum of 69.19% of keratin hydrolysatesÂ was generated using the raw material of waste wool through a conventional process with a total of hydrolysis timeÂ by 6 hours, whereas the maximum protein generated was 66.99% using waste wool through a conventional process with a total of hydrolysis time by 4 hours. The FTIR test showed the presence of groups of amides, cysteic acids,Â and cystine-S-monoxide.

Influence of some mechanical finishing processes on manufactured leather properties Ahmed Ibrahim Nasr
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of NR/EPDM blends with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer: The eﬀect of the reactive accelerators Hesty Eka Mayasari; Arum Yuniari
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Thermal characteristic is important to determine the thermal resistance of a polymer. In this work, the thermal characteristics of the NR/EPDM blends was investigated to study the storage and application condition of the blends. The NR/EPDM blends were prepared in the two-roll mill by using MAH as a compatibilizer with several types of accelerators, i.e., MBTS from thiazole group, the combination of MBTS and TMTD from thiuram group, and TBBS from sulphenamide group. This research used the thermogravimetric method with the heating rate of 10, 15, and 20ºC/min. The kinetic parameters are calculated by using Coats-Redfern equation. The degradation of NR/EPDM blends occurs in two stages (frst stage at 220-420ºC and second stage at 420-520ºC). Combination of MBTS and TMTD give higher energy activation (112.236 kJ/mol), followed by MBTS-blend (111.999 kJ/mol), and TBBS-blend (110.856 kJ/mol). Combination of MBTS and TMTD accelerator with MAH as the compatibilizer is the proper choice for NR/EPDM blends to get a good thermal stability.

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