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Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue " Vol 9, No 2 (2013)" : 8 Documents clear
THE INFLUENCE OF FERMENTATION METHOD, FEED COMPOSITION, VARIATIONS IN THE INITIAL pH OF FERMENTATION AND FEED DILUTION TO THE BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM VINASSE Budiyono, Budiyono; Pratiwi, Mariyah Eka; Sinar Y, Ignata Noviantari
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
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Abstract

Liquid wastes from the bioethanol industry bottom rest of the distillation process known as vinasse. High COD content of the vinasse more appropriately treated by the anaerobic process which produce biogas. Anaerobic waste treatment processes produce biogas consisting of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This research aims to study the influence of fermentation method, feed composition, variations in the initial pH of fermentation 6, 7, and 8, and feed dilution in 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 (Total Solid (TS) 27.865%, 13.93%, 9.288%, 6.96%, 5.573%, 4.64%). Sources of bacteria used is cow rumen fluid and urea as a nutrient. Batch fermentation process is done by measurement of gas every two days using  water displacement technique up to gas had not formed. The results of research showed that the methods of without controlling pH on the composition of vinase rumen urea and initial pH 7is the best variable to the total biogas production of 635 ml (8:49 ml biogas / gr COD). The variable dilution feed for diversify TS show that highest biogas production is between the ratio of 1:4 (5.573% TS) and 1:5 (TS 4.64%) in amount of 27.22 to 30.17 mL/g TS.
A TRAPEZIFOLIXANTHONE FROM STEM BARK OF Calophyllum soulattri COLLECTED FROM CENTRAL JAVA Achadiyah, Tri Bintari; Handayani, Nestri; Wartono, M. Widyo
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
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A xanthone derivative namely trapezifolixanthone has been isolated and identified from EtOAc extract of stem bark ofCalophyllum soulattri. The maceration method was used to isolates the trapezifolixanthone then followed by fractionation method using vacuum liquid chromatography and purification process by flash chromatography. A 14 mg of yellowish oily solid was extracted. The compound was elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY) supported by UV and IR spectroscopy. Base on spectral data and comparison with some references, it is  known that the compound is trapezifolixanthone.
SYNTHESIS DAN CHARACTERIZATION OF C-4-HYDROXY-3-ETHOXYPHENYL CALIX[4]RESORCINARENE SULFONATE Handayani, Desi Suci; Sholikh, Riska Azizawati; Kusumaningsih, Triana
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
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The synthesis of C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl calix[4]resorcinarene sulfonate using vanillin as a starting material has been done. The synthesis was carried out in two steps i.e. (1) acid-catalyzed cyclization resorcinol with vanillin and (2) sulfonation C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl calix[4]resorcinarene. Product were analyzed their structure with FTIR and1H NMR also characterized their melting point and solubility. The results showed that product have melting point more than 300 oC and more soluble in aquadest than organic solvents.
MIKROENCAPSULATION OF CROSSLINKED CHITOSAN AND ITS ADSORPTIVITY TEST ON REMAZOL YELLOW FG 6 Kusumaningsih, Triana; Pranoto, Pranoto; Handayani, Desi Suci; Kusuma Astuti, Dian Endah
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
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Synthesis of adsorbent by crosslink and microencapsulation modification produce modified chitosan had been done. The product was used as adsorben for Remazol Yellow FG 6 dye. The adsorptivity test was carried out by comparing the ability of chitosan, crosslinked chitosan and mikroencapsulation of crosslinked chitosan to adsorbremazol yellow FG 6 dye at pH 11, 15 ppm of dye’s concentration, and at various contact times.The result shows that the crosslinked chitosan adsorbs Remazol Yellow FG 6 dye 3.99 times higher than the unmodified chitosan. Meanwhile, the microcapsules containing crosslinked chitosan adsorb Remazol Yellow FG 64.00 times higher than unmodified chitosan. The adsorption performance of each prepared material was determined from UV-Vis absorbance analysis. Although the adsorption performance of the microcapsules containing crosslinked chitosan is almost similar to the crosslinked chitosan, however the microcapsules have shorter optimum contact time and also more stable than the crosslinked chitosan. It shows that the modification of chitosan with crosslinking and microencapsulation process improve its adsorptivity and stability.
DETERMINATION OF BACKWARDS RATE CONSTANT AND EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT USING IRREVERSIBLE APPROACH AND FORWARD RATE LAW Patiha, Patiha
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
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A determination technique of backward rate constant kb and equilibrium constant K using irreversible reaction approach and forward reaction rate law has been introduced. The rate law of backward reaction was determined from the integral equation that produced the smallest standard deviation of the average value of rate constant, k. These rate constants were calculated based on the difference of the concentration of products observed at various definited times to the concentration that should present if the forward reaction is irreversible. The backward rate constant, kb is the rate constant which is calculated at the beginning of the observation.  Then, in combination with the kf  value which was obtained from the forward rate law, the equilibrium constant, K, could be calculated. This technique was then tested on data of a first-order reversible reaction, on both directions. Those data were taken from Wright (2004) and Wilkinson (1980).The validity was determined based on the suitability of the values (with a tolerance of differences ≤ 5%) of kb and K which are given by Wright (2004) and Wilkinson (1980). The results show that the technique is valid.
REACTIONS KINETICS OF CH3COOH WITH Br2 AS A SIMILIAR ENZYMATIC REACTIONS Felandi, Novika Tusta; Patiha, Patiha; Pramono, Edi
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
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The aims of the research are to prove that at certain conditions the reaction between Br2 with CH3COOH is similar to enzymatic reaction, and the value of   calculated from the Espenson equation is different with value calculated by integral method. The experiments were performed at various concentrations of CH3COOH. The reaction studied by spectroscopic method by record the changes in absorbance of Br2 at 400 nm (theabsorbance index is 160 M-1 cm-1) in each definited time range. Data were analyzed with integral equations and the reaction order was determined base on the value of regression coefficient which must be close to 1 or -1. The reaction is said to be similar to the enzymatic reaction if the order of the reaction at initial is different with the order value at the end of reaction. Data were also analyzed using Espenson and integral equation (for comparison). The results showed that at concentrations of CH3COOH 0.00150 M, 0.00100 M, and 0.00075 M and 0.00300 M Br2 the reaction is similar to enzymatic reactions. Meanwhile, at different concentrations of CH3COOH,  the κ value obtained from Espenson equation is different with the value calculated by integral method.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS Piper CrocatumRuiz & Pav. LEAVES M, Soerya Dewi; Handayania, Nestri; Ngaisaha, Siti; Setyowati, Eliza Nur
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
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The aim of this research is to determine the chemical compounds and antibacterial activitiyof the essential oil of Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. leaves. GC-MS analysis shows that there are 16 components with Sabinene and?-mirceneas major component i.e 44.91% and 18.88 %, respectively.The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) for gram positive bacteries, i.e Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus andStaphylococcus epiderrmidis are1% ,0.25% and 0,5%, respectively. Meanwhile the MIC values for gram negative bacteries i.e Shigella flexneri, Eschericia coli andPseudomonas aeruginosa are 0.25 %, 1.0% and 0.75 %, respectively.
THE EFFECT OF REACTION PARAMETERS ON THE YIELD OF POLYOL FROM RUBBER SEED OIL Mudjijono, Mudjijono; Utami, Sasanti
Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
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The research on the effect of reaction parameters on the yield of polyol from rubber seed oil and palm oil as a comparison compound has been carried out. Polyol was synthesized by the reaction of oils and peracid. Peracid was produced by mixing of formic acid (HCOOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with catalyst (H2SO4). Polyol was synthesized successfully based on spectra analysis of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with FTIR spectra of PEG-400 and polyol of Suryani (2009). The results of t-test analysis showed that there was no difference of the polyols yield from rubber seed oil and palm oil. Analysis of a simple graph showed that the optimum yield of polyols were obtained in the same conditions, which are molar ratio of HCOOH:H2O2 4:1 mol/mol and H2SO4concentration 4% v/v oil. Physical characterization included density and viscosity of polyols, showed that within the limits of measurement error, density of polyols were same, whereas viscosity of polyols showed the differences.

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