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agriTECH

agritech
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02160455 EISSN : 25273825 DOI : 10.22146/agritech

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 15 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 33, No 3 (2013)" : 15 Documents clear

Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Karakteristik Crude Laminaran dari Sargassum duplicatum Anies Chamidah; Yustinus Marsono; Eni Harmayani; Haryadi Haryadi
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Laminaran is a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown algae, are usually used as human food, animal feed and drugs. Laminaran obtained by extracting brown algae powder, with acid solution (LAE) or with water (LWE) is done twice. Extraction by combining both methods were tested as well, that the first extraction using an acid solution further extracted residue re-use of water (LME). Extraction with acid and modification are more efficient than extraction with water, with a relatively higher yield (3.59 and 1.42 fold). With the acid extraction method (LAE), and modification (LME) showed the presence of compounds laminaran (β-(1,3)-D glukopiranosil), extraction using water (LWE) showed no laminaran. In general, the value of yield higher acid extracts, followed by modification extract and water extract. Acid extracts and modifications have moisture, ash and fat content lower than water extract but different levels of protein. The method of extraction with an acid solution and a modification is the best method.ABSTRAK Laminaran adalah polisakarida alami yang diekstraksi dari alga coklat yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai makanan manusia, pakan ternak dan obat-obatan. Laminaran diperoleh dengan cara mengekstraksi serbuk alga coklat, dengan larutan asam (LAE) atau dengan air (LWE) yang dilakukan sebanyak dua kali. Ekstraksi dengan mengkombinasikan kedua metode diuji juga, yaitu ekstraksi pertama menggunakan larutan asam selanjutnya residu diekstrak kembali menggunakan air (LME). Ekstraksi dengan asam maupun modifikasi lebih efisien daripada ekstraksi dengan air, dengan yield relatif lebih tinggi (3,59 dan 1,42 kali). Dengan metode ekstraksi asam (LAE), dan modifikasi (LME) menunjukkan hadirnya senyawa laminaran (β-(1,3)-D-glukopiranosil), sedangkan ekstraksi menggunakan air (LWE) tidak menunjukkan adanya laminaran. Secara umum nilai yield ekstrak asam lebih tinggi, diikuti ekstrak modifikasi dan ekstrak air. Ekstrak asam dan modifikasi mempunyai kadar air, abu dan kadar lemak yang lebih rendah daripada ekstrak air kecuali kadar protein yang tidak berbeda. Metode ekstraksi dengan larutan asam dan modifikasi merupakan metode yang terbaik.

Profil Asam Amino Penstimulasi Sekresi Insulin dalam Ekstrak Sesudah Pemisahan Protein Kecambah Kacang-Kacangan Lokal Bayu Kanetro; Astuti Setyowati
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

There are many local legumes in Indonesia that are potential to substitute soybean as functional food. Seed germination of legumes increased protease activity that could hydrolize protein, hence the extract of legumes sprout after removal of macromolecule protein contained small peptides dan free amino acids. The aims of this research were to determine the best local legume (winged bean, velvet bean, or cowpea) sprout based on its profile of amino acid for stimulation of insulin secretion such as Leucine (Leu), Arginine (Arg), Alanine (Ala), Phenylalanine (Phe), Isoleucine (Ile), and Lycine (Lys) in the extract after removal of macromolecule protein. Legume seeds were germinated, dried, and milled become the flour. The extracts of legume sprouts were prepared by mixing the flour and aquadest, centrifugated, and removed of the protein by precipitation at pH isoelectris. The extracts after removal of the macromolecule protein were analyzed for the total solid, soluble protein, and the profile of amino acid for stimulation of insulin secretion by HPLC. The result of this research showed that the extract of legumes sprout contained soluble protein and amino acid for stimulation of insulin secretion. The content of amino acids in the extract after removal of the protein of winged bean, velvet bean, cowpea sprouts and soybean seed as a control were 142,00; 206,40; 183,00; and 129,00 µg/ml for the Ala; 627,00; 1604,80; 524,00; and 422,40 µg/ml for the Arg; 136,00; 340,00; 124,20; and 119,40 µg/ml for the Phe; 122,80; 322,80; 104,60; and 100,40 µg/ml for the Ile; 190,80; 440,80; 136,40; and 168,00 µg/ml for the Leu; 340,40; 748,40; 177,00; and 256,40 µg/ml for the Lys respectively. Based on the data, the velvet bean was chosen as the best legume due to the contain of amino acids for stimulation of insulin secretion was higher than the other legumes.ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki kacang-kacangan lokal yang berpotensi menggatikan kedelai sebagai pangan fungsional. Perkecambahan kacang-kacangan meningkatkan aktiviyas protease yang dapat menghidrolisis protein, sehingga ekstrak kecambah kacang-kacangan sesudah pemisahan protein mengandung peptida sederhana dan asam amino bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis kecambah kacang-kacangan lokal ( kecipir, kara benguk, atau tunggak) terbaik berdasarkan profil asam amino penstimulasi sekresi insulin, yaitu kandungan alanin (Ala), arginin (Arg), fenilalanin (Phe), isoleusin (Ile), leusin (Leu) dan lisin (Lys).Biji kacang-kacangan dikecambahkan, dikeringkan dan digiling sehingga menjadi tepung. Ekstrak kecambah kacang-kacangan diperoleh dengan cara pencampuran tepung dan aquades, sentrifugasi dan pengendapan protein pada pH isoelektris. Ekstrak kecambah kacang-kacangan sesudah pemisahan makromolekul protein dianalisis kadar padatan total, protein terlarut dan profil asam amino penstimulai sekresi insulin menggunakan HPLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kecambah kacang-kacangan mengandung protein terlarut dan asam amino penstimulasi sekresi insulin. Kandungan asam amino tersebut dalam ekstrak kecambah kecipir, kara benguk, tunggak, dan biji kedelai sebagai kontrol berturut-turut mulai dari kadar Ala yaitu 142,00; 206,40; 183,00; dan 129,00µg/ml; kadar Arg yaitu 627,00; 1604,80; 524,00; dan 422,40µg/ml; kadar Phe yaitu 136,00; 340,00; 124,20; dan 119,40µg/ml; kadar Ile yaitu 122,80; 322,80; 104,60; dan 100,40µg/ml; kadar Leu yaitu 190,80; 440,80; 136,40; dan 168,00µg/ml; kadar Lys yaitu 340,40; 748,40; 177,00; dan 256,40µg/ml ekstrak. Berdasarkan data tersebut, kacang kara benguk dipilih sebagai kacang-kacangan terbaik karena kadar asam-asam amino penstimulasi sekresi insulinnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis kacang-kacangan yang lain.

Perubahan Sifat Mikrobiologi dan Kimiawi Rusip selama Fermentasi Dyah Koesoemawardani; Samsul Rizal; Moralita Tauhid
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Rusip can be made both spontaneously and non-spontaneously. Starter is not added to spontaneous rusip, while to that of non-spontaneous, liquid starter is added in the form of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria including Streptococcus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc as much as 2% (b/v). This research was aimed at investigating microbiological and chemical changes of rusip, both spontaneously and non-spontaneously. The treatment was repeated three times. The data obtained were then analyzed by applying student t-Test at the level of alpha 5%. The investigation conducted included the total lactic acid bacteria, total yeast, total microbes, pH, total acid, reducing sugar, and total volatile nitrogen (TVN). The findings show that microbiological and chemical characteristics of non-spontaneous rusip were better than those of non-spontaneous during 14-day fermentation. The criteria were the total lactic acid bacteria 12.37 log cfu/; total yeast 4,57 log cfu/g; total microbes 5.94 log cfu/; pH 5.69; total lactic acid 5.04%; reducing sugar 1.29%; TVN 27.57 mg N/100g, while the characteristics of spontaneous rusip include the total lactic acid bacteria 10.40 log cfu/g; total microbes 8.68 log cfu/g; total yeast 5.99 log cfu/g; pH 5.98; total acid lactate 3.12%; reducing sugar 3.63%, and TVN 44, 98 mg N/100g.ABSTRAKRusip dapat dilakukan secara spontan dan tidak spontan. Pada rusip spontan tidak ditambahkan kultur, sedangkan pada rusip tidak spontan ada penambahan kultur cair campuran bakteri asam laktat yaitu Streptococcus, Lactococcus dan Leuconostoc sebanyak 2% (b/v). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan sifat mikrobiologi dan kimiawi rusip baik spontan maupun tidak spontan. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t student pada taraf alpha 5%. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi total bakteri asam laktat, total kapang, total mikroba, pH, total asam, gula reduksi dan total volatile nitrogen (TVN). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa sifat mikrobiologi dan kimiawi rusip tidak spontan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan rusip spontan selama 14 hari fermentasi. Adapun kriterianya yaitu total bakteri asam laktat 12,37 log cfu/g; total mikroba 5,94 log cfu/g; pH 5,69; total asam laktat 5,04%; kadar gula reduksi 1,29%; TVN 27,57 mg N/100g, sedangkan karakteristik rusip secara spontan yaitu total bakteri asam laktat 10,40 log cfu/g; total mikroba 8,68 log cfu/g; total kapang 5,99 log cfu/g; pH 5,98; total asam laktat 3,12 %; kadar gula reduksi 3,63% dan TVN 44, 98 mg N/100g.

Ekstrak Daun Kapulaga Menurunkan Indeks Atherogenik dan Kadar Gula Darah Tikus Diabetes Induksi Alloxan Hery Winarsi; Nurtjahjo Dwi Sasongko; Agus Purwanto; Indah Nuraeni
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Cardamom (Amomum Cardomomum) leaves has antioxidant in vitro, which was supported by a high flavonoids and vitamin C contents. It has been reported that antioxidants improved atherogenic index and insulin secretion. The aims of this study were to explore the potential of cardamom leaves extracts as atherogenicity and blood glucose levels controlling in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The animal experiments were 45 rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Sprague Dawley strain, male, aged 2-3 months, weighing 210-310 g. After acclimatization for 1 week, rats were fasted overnight and then induced alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight. One week later, the rats in the test blood glucose levels using the Nesco Multi Check Glucose, Kemel Int’l Corp. via the lateral tail vein of rats, blood glucose check attached to the equipment, and after 5 seconds glucose levels was read. Atherogenic index was determined by the formula: {( Chol-tot) –HDL}/HDL. Blood samples for analysis of total-cholesterol and chol-HDL taken from the eye vein, after the rat anesthetized using ketamine. Rats with blood glucose levels > 200 mg / dL, were selected as experimental animals, and then divided into 3 groups of 15 each. Group I, fed standard and cardamom leaves extract; Group II, fed standard and glibenclamide, whereas group III, only fed standard for 2 weeks. At the beginning diabetic, their weight dropped from 247.63+28.5 to 220.9+26.6 g (P< 0.05). However, after feeding cardamom leaves extract for 2 weeks their body weight were stable (P>0.05), the blood glucose levels decreased from 199.25+100.5 to 102.88+17 mg/dL (P<0.05), and the atherogenic index decreased from 0.61 to 0.38 (P< 0.05). Based on the result, it could be concluded that cardamom leaves extract is potential as anti-atherogenic, lowers blood glucose levels, and maintain weight loss in diabetic rats.ABSTRAKDaun kapulaga (Amomum Cardomomum) memiliki potensi antioksidan in vitro, yang didukung oleh tingginya kandungan flavonoid dan vitamin C di dalamnya. Senyawa antioksidan diketahui mampu memperbaiki indeks atherogenik dan sekresi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk eksplorasi potensi ekstrak daun kapulaga sebagai pengendali atherogenisitas dan kadar glukosa darah tikus diabetes hasil induksi alloxan. Sebagai hewan percobaannya digunakan 45 ekor tikus (Rattus norvegicus L.) galur Sprague Dawley, jantan, umur 2-3 bulan, berat badan antara 210-310 g. Setelah dilakukan aklimatisasi selama 1 minggu, tikus dipuasakan semalam, lalu keesokan harinya diinduksi alloxan monohidrat dengan dosis 120 mg/kg berat badan (BB). Satu minggu kemudian, tikus di uji kadar glukosa darahnya menggunakan Nesco Multi Check Glucose, Kemel Int’l Corp. Melalui vena lateralis ekor tikus, darah dicucukkan ke alat check glucose, dan setelah 5 detik kadar glukosanya terbaca. Indeks aterogenik (IA) ditentukan berdasar rumus: (Kolesterol total-HDL)/HDL. Sampel darah untuk analisis kolesterol dan HDL diambil dari vena mata, setelah tikus dianestesi menggunakan ketamin. Tikus dengan kadar glukosa darah > 200 mg/dL, dipilih sebagai hewan percobaan, kemudian dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing 15 ekor. Kelompok I, diberi pakan standar dan ekstrak daun kapulaga; kelompok II, diberi pakan standar dan glibenklamid; sedangkan kelompok III, hanya diberi pakan standar selama 2 minggu. Saat awal diabetes, berat badannya turun dari 247,63+28,5 menjadi 220,9+26,6 g (P<0,05). Akan tetapi setelah 2 minggu diberi ekstrak daun kapulaga, berat badannya menjadi stabil (P>0.05), kadar glukosa darahnya menurun dari 199,25+100,5 menjadi 102,88+17 mg/dL (P<0.05), dan indeks atherogenik menurun dari 0,61 menjadi 0,38 (P<0.05). Kesimpulannya, ekstrak daun kapulaga berpotensi sebagai antiatherogenik, menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, dan mempertahankan berat badan tikus diabetes.

Efek Fermentasi dengan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap Karakteristik Biokimia Tapioka Maria Erna Kustyawati; Merlia Sari; Teti Haryati
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was known to produce extracellular enzyme. Its role on the tapioca production was investigated in relation to the changes in the biochemical properties of the starch. Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 1010sel ml-1 was inoculated into 1000 ml of tapioca suspension and fermented at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h at room temperature (30oC). The result showed that S.cerevisiae could grow during the fermentation and improved the biochemical properties of tapioca. The tapioca produced by the fermentation with S. cerevisiae had significantly higher protein content (2.17%) than that of native tapioca (0.28%). Whereas the amylose content of fermented tapioca (24.83%) was lower than that of native tapioca (28.57%). The addition of S.cerevisiae increased the mineral Fe, Mg, and Ca of the starch, but it decreased Zn. The structure of starch granules of the fermented tapioca showed the signs of erosion. It can be concluded that the addition of S.cerevisiae can be used as modifying agents for tapoica as to improve protein content and solubility.ABSTRAKSaccharomyces cerevisiae diketahui sebagai khamir penghasil enzim ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan enzim ektraseluler S. cereviciae dalam pembuatan tapioka dengan mengamati perubahan biokimia pati. Sebanyak 1010 sel ml-1 inokulum S.cerevisiae diinokulasikan ke dalam suspensi tapioka, kemudian difermentasi selama 12 jam, 36 jam, dan 48 jam pada suhu ruang (30oC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa S.cerevisiae mampu tumbuh selama fermentasi dan memperbaiki sifat biokimia tapioka. Tapioka hasil fermentasi dengan S.cerevisiae memiliki kadar protein (2,17%) secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari kadar protein tapioka alami (0,28%). Sementara itu, kadar amilosa tapioka terfermentasi (24,83%) lebih rendah dari amilosa tapioka alami (28,57%). Dilain pihak, penambahan S.cerevsiae meningkatkan kadar Fe, Mg, dan Ca tapioka, tetapi kadar Zn nya menurun. Struktur granula pati tapioka terfermentasi juga menunjukkan adanya erosi di bagian tepi granula. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan S.cerevisiae dapat digunakan sebagai agensia modifikasi tapioka untuk meningkatkan kadar protein dan daya kelarutan.

Karakteristik Fisikokimia Tepung Biji Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Terfermentasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Lactobacilllus acidophilus Muhamad Kurniadi; Martina Andriani; Faris Faturohman; Ema Damayanti
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Sorghum flour utilization as food material has limited factors such as tannin content as the anti-nutrient. Various food fermentation using lactic acid bacteria was used to increase nutrient value and to reduce anti-nutrient. The objectives of this research were to improve nutrient characteristic of sorghum flour that was obtained by fermentation process optimization with variation of starter concentration and fermentation time. The research was designed using a factorial completely randomized design with period fermentation as first factor (0, 24, 36 and 48 hours) and concentration of starter L. acidophilus (2, 4, and 6% v/b) as second factor, 3 replicates for each treatments. Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05) and followed by Duncan multiple range tests as post hoc. The result showed that 48 hours fermentation period and 6% of L. acidophilus starter concentration as the best result for sorghum flour fermented. This sorghum fermented has physicochemical characteristic i.e. 1.365% of soluble protein, 1.278% of reducing sugars, 0.062% of tannin, 39.833 cP viscosity and 22.93 degree of whiteness.ABSTRAKPemanfaatan tepung sorghum sebagai bahan pangan memiliki keterbatasan salah satunya karena kandungan tanin sebagai anti-nutrisi. Beberapa proses fermentasi bahan pangan menggunakan bakteri asam laktat (BAL) telah diketahui dapat meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi dan mengurangi kandungan anti-nutrisi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperbaiki karakteristik nutrisi tepung sorghum melalui optimasi proses fermentasi dengan variasi konsentrasi starter BAL dan lama fermentasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan lama fermentasi (0, 24, 36 dan 48 jam) sebagai faktor pertama dan konsentrasi starter Lactobacillus acidophilus (2, 4 dan 6% v/b) sebagai faktor kedua, menggunakan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakteristik fisikokimia meliputi kadar air, protein terlarut, gula reduksi, kadar tanin, viskositas dan derajat keputihan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Ragam (ANOVA) (P<0,05) dan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung sorghum terfermentasi terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan lama fermentasi 48 jam dengan konsentrasi starter L. acidophilus 6% (v/b). Karakterisik fisiko-kimia tepung sorghum terfermentasi yang dimiliki adalah protein terlarut 1,365%, gula reduksi 1,278%, kadar tanin 0,062%, viskositas 39.833cP dan derajat keputihan 22,93.

Kandungan Antosianin dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ubi Jalar Ungu Segar dan Produk Olahannya Nida El Husna; Melly Novita; Syarifah Rohaya
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Purple fleshed sweet potato is a potential source of anthocyanins which is as an antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic. Anthocyanins can be damaged by high temperatures. However, traditionally a number of processed sweet potato products involve heat treatment. This study aimed to assess the reduction of anthocyanins content in processed sweet potato products (flour, chips, sweet potato, steamed, boiled, and fried pieces) from two types of local purple fleshed sweet potato (light purple and dark purple), therefore it might provide useful information stages in order to maintain the content of anthocyanins. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of factorial arrangement treatments (two types of purple fleshed sweet potato, and five types of purple fleshed sweet potato processed products). The main analysis parameter are anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity. The anthocyanins content of dark purple fleshed sweet potato was 61.85 mg/100g, 17 times higher than light purple fleshed sweet potatoes 3.51 mg/100g. Dark purple fleshed sweet potatoes have antioxidant activity approximately 59.25%, greater than light purple fleshed sweet potatoes 56.64%. Decrease in anthocyanins content for processed products from both types of purple sweet potatoes showed the same trend. Purple sweet potato processed products that able to maintain fairly high the content of anthocyanins (the lowest rate of decline in anthocyanin levels) were obtained on a steamed sweet potato (34.14% for dark purple and 42.16% for light purple), while the highest reduction obtained on the product chips (95.21% for dark purple and 88.47% for light purple). Reduction of antioxidant activity showed a directly proportion of the decrease in anthocyanins content of processed products, with the exception of processed products chips.ABSTRAKUbi jalar ungu potensial sebagai sumber antosianin yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antimutagenik, dan antikarsinogenik. Antosianin dapat rusak akibat suhu tinggi (pemanasan) yang biasa digunakan dalam pembuatan sejumlah produk olahan ubi jalar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengurangan/kehilangan antosianin pada produk olahan ubi jalar (tepung, keripik, ubi jalar kukus, rebus, dan goreng) dari dua jenis ubi jalar ungu lokal di Saree, Aceh Besar (ungu muda dan ungu pekat) sehingga dapat memberikan informasi proses pengolahan yang paling dapat mempertahankan kandungan antosianin. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial 2 faktor, yaitu jenis ubi jalar ungu dan jenis produk olahan ubi jalar. Parameter analisis utama adalah kandungan antosianin dan aktivitas antioksidan. Ubi jalar ungu pekat mengandung antosianin 61,85 mg/100 g, 17 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kandungan antosianin ubi jalar ungu muda 3,51 mg/100 g. Ubi jalar ungu pekat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan 59,25 %, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ubi jalar ungu muda 56,64 %. Penurunan kandungan antosianin pada produk olahan dari kedua jenis ubi jalar menunjukkan kecenderungan yang sama. Produk olahan ubi jalar ungu yang paling mampu mempertahankan kandungan antosianin diperoleh pada ubi kukus yaitu 34,14 % (ungu pekat) dan 42,16 % (ungu muda), sedangkan tingkat penurunan tertinggi diperoleh pada produk keripik yaitu 95,21 % (ungu pekat) dan 88,47% (ungu muda). Penurunan aktivitas antioksidan juga berbanding lurus dengan penurunan kadar antosianin pada semua produk olahan, kecuali pada produk olahan keripik.

Analisis Permeasi Air pada Dehidrasi Osmosis Pepaya (Carica papaya) Sang Kompiang Wirawan; Natalia Anasta
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Fruit preservation using low temperature drying is commonly initiated by osmotic dehydration process. The osmotic time is strongly influenced by the water permeation from the fruit to the osmotic solution. This research aimed to study the osmotic dehydration process of papaya by finding out the permeation rate of water to the osmotic solution across a semi permeable membrane. The effect of temperature and osmotic solution concentration on the permeation rate were also observed. The osmotic temperatures were 30, 40, 50, and 60oC, and the osmotic solution concentration were 55, 60, 65, and 70%. In order to study the water permeation through the semi permeable membrane, a simple mass transfer mathematical models based on Fick’s and Van’t Hoff laws were applied. Generally, higher temperature and osmotic solution concentration, higher water permeation rate was achieved. The results also showed that osmotic dehydration has the same identity or characteristic as drying process at high temperature. The water removal from product slices into the osmotic solution increased by the increase of osmotic period. The mass transfer coefficient and effective diffusivity of water increased when temperature and osmotic solution concentration were increased. However, the membrane permeability has a special characteristic at the ranges conditions studied.ABSTRAKPengawetan buah dengan pengeringan suhu rendah pada umumnya diawali dengan proses dehidrasi osmosis. Lama waktu osmosis sangat dipengaruhi oleh permeasi air dari bahan ke larutan osmosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses dehidrasi osmosis dan kecepatan permeasi air dari pepaya ke larutan gula sebagai larutan osmosis melalui membran semipermeabel. Pengaruh suhu dan konsentrasi larutan osmosis terhadap kecepatan permeasi air juga diamati. Suhu osmosis adalah 30, 40, 50, dan 60oC, sedangkan konsentrasi larutan osmosis 55, 60, 65, dan 70%. Untuk mempelajari kecepatan permeasi air melalui membran, digunakan model matematis sederhana berdasar pada hukum Fick’s dan Van’t Hoff. Secara umum hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu dan konsentrasi larutan osmosis kecepatan permeasi air juga semakin tinggi. Profil dehidrasi osmosis menunjukkan karakteristik yang sama dengan profil proses pengeringan suhu tinggi. Dengan bertambahnya waktu osmosis, air yang berpindah dari potongan pepaya ke dalam larutan osmosis juga semakin banyak. Pemodelan matematis memberikan gambaran bahwa koefisien transfer massa dan difusivitas efektif meningkat dengan naiknya suhu dan konsentrasi larutan osmosis Permeabilitas membran pada bahan menunjukkan karakteristik yang spesifik pada rentang kondisi operasi yang dipelajari.

Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Antibakteri Hasil Purifikasi Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Sawarni Hasibuan; Sahirman Sahirman; Ni Made Ayu Yudawati
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The high solid fraction in Calophyllum seed oil causes Calophyllum biodiesel-oil produced has a high viscosity, high acid value, high cloud point, and other negative influences that is difficult to meet the biodiesel standard SNI 04-7182-2006. This underlies the need to increase the added value of solid fraction Calophyllum seed oil, such as healthy soap. This research was aimed to purification, fractionation, and characterization of fatty acid component as well as the antibacterial and antioxidant owned. So that Calophyllum seed oil may be considered for healthy soap application. The design used in the purification process is factorial completely randomized design, consisting of three factors, namely acid phosphate concentration, temperature and heating time. Based on the research, it resulted in the best treatment for Calophyllum seed oil’s purification was reached by using 0,2% H3PO4 20% at 80 C for 15 minutes. Major fatty acid component in Calophyllum seed oil purification results are palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid that reached 98,19 percent of the total fatty acids. The results showed that the Calophyllum oil contains components steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids and has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus but instead to Escherichia coli.ABSTRAKTingginya fraksi padat pada minyak biji nyamplung menyebabkan biodiesel nyamplung yang dihasilkan memilikiviskositas tinggi, bilangan asam tinggi, titik kabut tinggi, dan pengaruh buruk lainnya sehingga sulit memenuhi standar biodiesel SNI 04-7182-2006. Hal ini mendasari perlunya peningkatan nilai tambah fraksi padat minyak biji nyamplung. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan purifikasi, fraksinasi, dan karakterisasi minyak biji nyamplung. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap komponen asam lemak serta uji pengenalan bioantibakteri dan bioantioksidan minyak biji nyamplung untuk aplikasi sabun kesehatan. Rancangan yang digunakan pada proses purifikasi nyamplung adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan tiga faktor yaitu konsentrasi asam fosfat 20%, suhu, dan lama pemanasan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perlakuan terbaik purifikasi diperoleh pada penggunaan H3PO4 20% sebanyak 0,2% pada suhu 80 oC selama 15 menit. Komponen asam lemak utama pada minyak nyamplung hasil purifikasi adalah asam palmitat, asam stearat, asam oleat dan asam linoleat dengan total asam lemak mencapai 98,19 persen dari total asam lemak penyusun minyak nyamplung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak nyamplung mengandung komponen steroid, flavonoid, saponin, dan triterpenoid serta memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus namun sebaliknya bagi Escheria coli.

Isolation of Anthocyanidin from Wora-Wari Flowers (Hibiscus rosa sinensis L.) and Its Application As Indicators of Acid-base Siti Nuryanti; Indarini Dwi Puspitasari; Ratman Ratman
agriTECH Vol 33, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Wora-wari plants are easily cultivated and founded in Indonesia, also their bloomy is not seasonal. Isolation of anthocyanidin from Wora-wari was done by maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol-HCl 1.0% and isolation of anthocyanidin was performed by column chromatography. Identification for structure of anthocyanidin was done by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR along with color reagent. In the Wora-wari flowers, it has been identified the existence of anthocyanidin pelargonidin. The color change of anthocyanidin pelargonidin results in acid solution was red and base solution was green.

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Rachma Wikandari

Contact Email rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id

Phone +6285712601130

Journal Mail Official agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Rachma Wikandari

Contact Email
rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id

Phone
+6285712601130

Journal Mail Official
agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA