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All Journal Jurnal MIPA Jurnal Geliga Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Wahana Fisika : Jurnal Fisika dan Terapannya Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) KONSTAN - JURNAL FISIKA DAN PENDIDIKAN FISIKA JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT International Journal of Applied Technology Research Jurnal Difusi PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia (JPMI)
Hadiningrum, Kunlestiowati
Politeknik Negeri Bandug
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PENENTUAN SUHU NOL MUTLAK MELALUI PRAKTIKUM TERMODINAMIKA MENGGUNAKAN HUKUM CHARLES Pratama, Defrianto; Muldiani, Ratu Fenny; Hadiningrum, Kunlestiowati
Wahana Fisika Vol 3, No 2 (2018): December
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/wafi.v3i2.13944

Abstract

Praktikum Hukum Charles dirancang untuk mendapatkan nilai suhu nol mutlak yang menjadi konstanta fundamental di Termodinamika. Hukum Charles menyatakan bahwa pada tekanan tetap dan ruang tertutup, volume gas ideal berbanding lurus terhadap suhu mutlaknya. Hasil praktikum hukum Charles dengan mengunakan metode kuadrat terkecil, menunjukkan bahwa grafik volume terhadap suhu memiliki nilai koefisien determinasi rata-rata (R2) = 0,9986, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa volume dan suhu memiliki hubungan linier yang tinggi. Nilai suhu nol mutlak terbaik diperoleh sebesar -273,45 0C, sedangkan nilai suhu nol mutlak rata-rata diperoleh sebesar -275,90 0C dengan ketidakpastian relatif kurang dari 2 %.      Kata Kunci : Termodinamika; Hukum Charles; Suhu Nol MutlakThermodynamics is one of the basic concepts that must be mastered by engineering students at Politeknik Negeri Bandung, because it’s used to recognize how industrial engineering tools work. Laboratory activities can help students to understand a difficult thermodynamic concept. The purpose of this study was to design and optimize a Charles’s Law experiment device. Charles's Law experiment was designed to determine absolute zero temperature as a fundamental constant in thermodynamics. The experiment results show average of determination coefficient (R2) = 0,9986 on the V-T graph, it’s shows that the volume and temperature have a high linear relationship. The best absolute zero temperature was obtained at -273,450 C, while the average absolute zero temperature was obtained at -275,900 C with relative error of less than 2%.           Keywords :  Thermodynamics; Charles’s Law; Absolute Zero Temperature
The Effect of Capacitance on the Power Factor Value of Parallel RLC Circuits Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum; Ratu Fenny Muldiani; Defrianto Pratama
Jurnal Internasional Penelitian Teknologi Terapan Vol 1 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Bandung State Polytechnic (Politeknik Negeri Bandung)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/ijatr.v1i2.27

Abstract

The power factor of the circuit is determined by the amount of pure resistance (R), self-inductance of the coil (L) and the capacitance of the capacitor (C). In this study, the measurement of the power factor value in a parallel RLC circuit was carried out through experimental testing and simulation with the value of C as the independent variable, while the values of R and L were fixed conditioned quantities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of capacitance on a parallel RLC circuit. One of the ways to improve the power factor value in a circuit is to install capacitive compensation using a capacitor. The relation between the power factor value and the capacitance and inductive reactance based on the experimental results and the simulation calculation results in the parallel RLC circuit both shows the same pattern with a relative uncertainty below 8%. The experimental results and simulation results both show that the power factor can be improved by using a right capacitance which is around the capacitance value when there is resonance in the circuit.
Optimization of the amount of gas moles determination through Boyle’s law and Gay-Lussac’s law experiments Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum; Ratu Fenny Muldani
Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications Vol 2, No 2 (2018): Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1743.16 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v2i2.30666

Abstract

Boyle’s Law describes the inverse relationship between absolute pressure and air volume, if the temperature is constant in a closed system. Gay Lussac’s Law states that the pressure of a gas mass is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is held constant. The macroscopic quantity associated with both laws includes the number of moles of gas. The purpose of the study is to calculate the number of moles of gas through Boyle’s Law and Gay Lussac’s Law experiments. The experimental results were confirmed by calculating the number of moles theoretically, so that it can be concluded that the experimental device settings which the closest to the theoretical results. The Boyle’s Law experimental results with a pipe cross-sectional area of 54.08 mm2, at a temperature of 295 K obtained 4.67 x 10-4 moles, its relative uncertainty is 7.60%, at a temperature of 299.1 K obtained 3.97 x 10- 4 moles, the relative uncertainty value is 0.51%, and at a temperature of 299.5 K obtained 5.20 x 10-4 moles, the relative uncertainty value is 12.56%. The average relative uncertainty value of the three experiments is 6.89%. The results of the Gay Lussac’s Law experiment, at a gas volume of 0.578 x 10-3 m3, obtained the number of moles in a row of 1.38 x 10-2 moles, 1.83 x 10-2 moles and 1.33x 10-2 moles, theoretical calculation of 2.14 x 10-2 moles. The average value of the relative uncertainty of the three experiments is 24.3%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the results of calculating the number of moles through Boyle’s Law experiments are closest to theoretical calculations.
Peningkatan Manajemen Mutu Pos PAUD Melati 10 dan Kenanga 12 Menuju Persiapan Akreditasi PAUD Ratu Fenny Muldiani; Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum; Siti Syamsiah Purwaningsih; Nani Yuningsih; Anie Lusiani
JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT Vol 10, No 1 (2020): Juli 2020
Publisher : LPPM UNINUS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30999/jpkm.v10i1.758

Abstract

POS PAUD is one of the non-formal educational institutions that plays an important role in children's education. All learning activities in PAUD and the supporting facilities must meet the standards according to the provisions of PAUD Education. To find out the achievement of these standards accreditation activities are needed, because one of the efforts to maintain the quality and improvement of an educational institution is through accreditation activities. POS PAUD Melati 10 and Kenanga 12 are located in Kelurahan Pasir Kaliki Kecamatan Cimahi Utara are PAUD institutions that have not been accredited. In order for POS PAUD to be accredited properly, it must meet the accreditation eligibility criteria based on the National Education Standards which include eight standards.. The methods used in the preparation of the two POS PAUD accreditations are literature study, interviews, field surveys, discussions, technical guidance for preparation of accreditation standard documents in the form of workshops for school principals, teachers and operators. Through this accreditation preparation assistance activity, it has succeeded in bringing POS PAUD Melati 10 to meet the accredited criteria and POS Kenanga 12 PAUD with additional time being ready for accreditation.
OPTIMASI ALAT PRAKTIKUM TERMODINAMIKA HUKUM CHARLES GAY-LUSSAC UNTUK MAHASISWA REKAYASA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG Ratu Fenny Muldiani; Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum
Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2018: Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2018
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2017.64 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v3i0.28554

Abstract

Abstract:. Based on the syllabus of thermodynamics course in several Engineering Study Programs at Politeknik Negeri Bandung, it shows a very high need for Applied Physics on the subject of Thermodynamics as a prerequisite course. To be able to understand the concept of thermodynamics through laboratory activities, in this research the design and optimization of the Charles Gay-Lussac’s Law device was carried out, the measurement results were confirmed by calculation data using literature. Charles's law states that at fixed pressure, the volume of ideal gas with a certain mass is directly proportional to its temperature and Gay-Lussac's Law states that if the gas in a closed container is kept constant then the gas pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. The results of the design of the Charles’s law experiment device, on P = 925 mbar and T = 298 K, obtained the average pressure of the trial results is 1043 mbar. The test results from the setting of the device show the average coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.9969, meaning that the effect of temperature is strong on changes in volume at a fixed pressure. In the design of the Gay-Lussac’s law experiment, at 925 mbar, T = 297.6 K and the volume of air in the flask was 0.578 x 10-3 m3, the number of moles of the average test shows a relatively consistent value of 1.51 mmol that is in the order of 10-2 mol. The test results show the value of R2 = 0.9822, meaning that the effect of temperature is strong on changes in pressure at a fixed volume.Abstrak: Berdasarkan kajian silabus mata kuliah termodinamika pada beberapa Program Studi Teknik di Politeknik Negeri Bandung menunjukkan kebutuhan yang sangat tinggi terhadap mata kuliah Fisika Terapan pokok bahasan Termodinamika sebagai mata kuliah prasyarat. Untuk dapat memahami konsep termodinamika melalui kegiatan praktikum, pada penelitian ini dilakukan desain dan optimasi alat percobaan Hukum Charles Gay-Lussac, hasil pengukuran dikonfirmasi dengan data perhitungan menggunakan literatur. Hukum Charles menyatakan bahwa pada tekanan tetap, volume gas ideal bermassa tertentu berbanding lurus terhadap temperaturnya dan Hukum Gay-Lussac menyatakan jika gas dalam wadah tertutup volumenya dijaga konstan maka tekanan gas berbanding lurus dengan temperatur mutlaknya. Hasil perancangan alat percobaan hukum Charles, pada PUkur = 925 mbar dan TRuang rata-rata = 298 K, diperoleh tekanan rata-rata hasil uji coba 1043 mbar. Hasil pengujian dari setting alat tersebut menunjukkan nilai koefisien determinasi rata-rata (R2) = 0.9969, artinya kuatnya pengaruh suhu terhadap perubahan volume pada tekanan tetap. Pada perancangan alat percobaan hukum Gay-Lussac, pada PUkur 925  mbar, TRuang rata-rata 297.6K dan volume udara dalam labu  0.578 x 10-3 m3, diperoleh jumlah mol rata-rata pengujian 1.51 mmol. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai R2 = 0.9822, artinya kuatnya pengaruh suhu terhadap perubahan tekanan pada volume tetap.
MEMBANGUN POLA BERPIKIR ILMIAH ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN IPA DAN MATEMATIKA POS PAUD MELATI KEL PASIRKALIKI KEC CIMAHI UTARA Ratu Fenny Muldiani; Siti Samsiyah Purwaningsih; Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum; Nani Yuningsih
Jurnal Difusi Vol 1 No 2 (2018): Jurnal Difusi
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (559.061 KB) | DOI: 10.35313/difusi.v1i2.1302

Abstract

Alat peraga edukasi (APE) IPA dan Matematika selain dapat digunakan sebagai alat permainan dapat juga dimanfaatkan untuk membangun pola berfikir ilmiah anak. APE dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menggali kemampuan, melatih konsentrasi, dan memperkenalkan  konsep logika sederhana. Kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat tahun 2017 ini menghasilkan solusi untuk POS PAUD Melati Kelurahan Pasirkalili berupa bantuan APE IPA dan Matematika yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan kurikulum pendidikan anak usia dini dalam mendukung proses belajar mengajar. Bantuan disertai modul penggunaan APE sebagai pegangan untuk para pendidik (guru). Keseluruhan kegiatan telah terlaksana dengan tuntas, terjadi komunikasi yang efisien dan efektif dengan mitra sehingga tim pengabdian mendapatkan kelancaran dalam menjalankan tugasnya sesuai dengan rencana. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan mayoritas jawaban responden pada seluruh item pertanyaan kuisioner adalah “sangat setuju” dan “setuju”. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa responden merasakan manfaat dengan terbentuknya pola berpikir ilmiah siswanya melalui bantuan APE dari tim pengabdian masyarakat Polban. Hasil wawancara semua guru menyatakan bahwa bantuan APE yang diberikan dari tim pengabdian Polban sangat mendukung kegiatan proses belajar mengajar. Pasca pelatihan tim pengabdian masyarakat tetap melakukan monitoring dan pendampingan kepada mitra  untuk memastikan keberlangsungan program setelah pelatihan. Kata Kunci : POS PAUD, Alat Peraga Edukatif, IPA dan Matematika
KETERPAKAIAN KONSEP HUKUM BERNOULLI DAN DESAIN EKSPERIMENNYA DI DALAM FISIKA TERAPAN PRODI REKAYASA POLBAN I Gede Rasagama; Ratu Fenny Muldiani; Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) Vol 5 (2016): PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) SNF2016
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika dan Program Studi Fisika Universitas Negeri Jakarta, LPPM Universitas Negeri Jakarta, HFI Jakarta, HFI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (794.696 KB) | DOI: 10.21009/0305010405

Abstract

The study aim is to determine the usefulness of the concept and design of experiments Bernoulli's Law in Proficiency Basic Courses (PBC) of Applied Physics at the Polytechnic. The place of research is in POLBAN. The study begins review of PBC syllabus of Applied Physics and Prodi Proficiency Courses (PPC) syllabus at the Department of Engineering, who gets service PBC of Applied Physics. Continued with questionnaire to lecturers PPC is 3 DIII and 3 DIV. To deepen the contents of the questionnaire, we conducted interviews to informants. Data were analyzed to measure: usefulness of Bernoulli's Law concepts in the PBC of applied physics and PPC syllabus, PPC lecturer opinion about needs of Bernoulli's Law concept in PBC of Applied Physics, the necessity of deepening through experiments and experimental design characteristics. The study results showed 11 prodi of 24 prodi in engineering majors, inserts the concept of Bernoulli's Law into the applied physics syllabus, all research subjects insert the concept of Bernoulli's Law in the one of PPC syllabus, overall interviewees believe it is needed to be taught the concept of Bernoulli's Law in PBC of Applied Physics, and 67% informants believe it is necessary for deepening through experimentation. Characteristic of the expected experimental design is capable of generating student competence in measuring the speed and pressure of the flow in the pipes of various sizes. The ideal approach, requirement, and limits of the enforceability of Bernoulli's Law can be used as the basis of design of experiments. It appears that the usefulness category of Bernoulli's Law concept for students and polytechnic institutions is high Keywords: Bernoulli’s Law, experimental design, polytechnics students applied physics.
ANALISIS GETARAN ROTASIONAL TEREDAM SISTEM BATANG DAN PEGAS TORSIONAL UNTUK DIKEMBANGKAN SEBAGAI MODEL FLUKTUASI EKONOMI Nani Yuningsih; Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum; Sardjito Sardjito
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) Vol 6 (2017): PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) SNF2017
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika dan Program Studi Fisika Universitas Negeri Jakarta, LPPM Universitas Negeri Jakarta, HFI Jakarta, HFI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (325.513 KB) | DOI: 10.21009/03.SNF2017.02.CIP.04

Abstract

The ideal free vibration system is characterized by periodic oscillation motion with fixed amplitude. In fact, towards this kind of vibration system, there is an external force that will dampen the vibration so the amplitude will be decreased continuously. In damped vibrations, in addition to amplitude change, the frequency will also be different from the frequency of free vibration. It has been observed the phenomenon of rotational homogeneous rods attached to torsional spring and occurs damping due to air friction both theoretically and empirically. Basically rotational vibration characteristics are similar to translational vibrations. The observed variables are the deviation angle of the amplitude and the vibration period. Measurements are done by video camera and digital counter. The empirical observations reinforce the solution of the differential equations obtained by theoretical analysis of the damped vibration system. The result of the research on the mechanical rod and spring vibration system was developed to observe the phenomenon of economic fluctuation occurring in Indonesia, using the analogy between physics phenomenon and economic phenomenon (econophysics). Keywords: rotational vibration, torsional spring, econophysics.
STUDI TEORITIS PERBANDINGAN APLIKASI MODEL GETARAN HARMONIK LOGARITMIK dengan OSILATOR ROTASI PEGAS TORSIONAL UNTUK DIKEMBANGKAN PADA FENOMENA EKONOMI Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum; Nani Yuningsih; Sardjito Sardjito
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) Vol 6 (2017): PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) SNF2017
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika dan Program Studi Fisika Universitas Negeri Jakarta, LPPM Universitas Negeri Jakarta, HFI Jakarta, HFI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (382.788 KB) | DOI: 10.21009/03.SNF2017.02.CIP.11

Abstract

Abstrak Tinjauan system pegas dengan beban bermassa dapat menghasilkan gerak getaran yang ditandai dengan berubahnya posisi beban terhadap waktu mengikuti fungsi osilasi harmonik. Jika massa beban konstan, maka fungsi posisi terhadap waktu akan berbentuk harmonik murni berupa gelombang sinus dan/atau cosinus. Apabila massa beban berubah secara linier, akan mengakibatkan terjadinya relaksasi perioda getaran, sehingga solusi posisi beban berbentuk fungsi osilasi harmonic logaritmik. Untuk tinjauan skala laboratorium, kondisi ini dapat diterapkan pada Osilasi Rotasional Pendulum Torsi. Model pegas berbeban telah dikembangkan untuk mendeskripsikan peristiwa dinamika nilai tukar rupiah terhadap valuta asing, khususnya bila ada gangguan yang cukup berarti yang berakibat pada terjadinya lonjakan, mengingat dalam situasi ekonomi Indonesia, kadang-kadang muncul gejolak yang menimbulkan lonjakan ekonomi, yang tidak dapat diperkirakan sebelumnya. Model ini bermula dari analogi gejala fisika dengan gejala ekonomi, tetapi model ini masih perlu diperbaiki dengan memasukkan factor gangguan yang bekerja dalam waktu yang sangat singkat bukan hanya pada saat awal agar menghasilkan fungsi delta atau fungsi diskrit sehingga solusinya dapat ditinjau dengan pendekatan diskrit. Kata-kata kunci: getaran, massa berubah, fungsi harmonik logaritmik, pendulum torsi Abstract The overview of the mass-loaded spring system could produce vibration motion characterized by the change of the load position over time following the harmonic oscillation function.If the load mass is constant, then the function of position to time will be a pure harmonic form of sine wave and / or cosine.If the load mass is changed linearly, it will result in the relaxation of the vibration period, so the solution of the load position is in the form of a harmonic logarithmic oscillation function.For a laboratory scale review, this condition can be applied to the rotational oscillation torsion pendulum.The loaded spring model has been developed to describe the dynamics of the exchange rate of the rupiah against foreign exchange, especially when there is significant interference resulting in a spike, given the economic situation in Indonesia, there are sometimes fluctuations that cause unexpected economic hikes.This model begins with the analogy of physical and economic phenomenon. However, this model still needs to be fixed by incorporating the interference factor that works in a very short time not only at the beginning, in order to produce delta function or discrete function so that the solution can be reviewed with discrete approach. Keywords: vibration, mass changing, harmonic logarithmic function, torsion pendulum.
ANALOGI MODEL OSILATOR HARMONIK LOGARITMIK PENDULUM TORSI DENGAN FLUKTUASI NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH TERHADAP US DOLLAR Nani Yuningsih; Kunlestiowati Hadiningrum; Sardjito Sardjito
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) Vol 7 (2018): PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA (E-JOURNAL) SNF2018
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika dan Program Studi Fisika Universitas Negeri Jakarta, LPPM Universitas Negeri Jakarta, HFI Jakarta, HFI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (264.866 KB) | DOI: 10.21009/03.SNF2018.02.PA.07

Abstract

Abstrak Peristiwa fluktuasi nilai tukar rupiah terhadap US Dollar ada keserupaan dengan getaran paksa teredam. Untuk mengetahui adanya kemiripan fluktuasi nilai tukar rupiah terhadap US Dollar beserta faktor-faktor peubahnya dengan getaran paksa teredam, dilakukan uji model getaran paksa teredam menggunakan perangkat pendulum torsi. Untuk getaran paksa teredam sumber tegangan yang digunakan 8-8,4 V dan dengan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap US Dollar pada perioda tahun 2013 sampai 2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya kemiripan antara simpangan getaran paksa teredam dengan dinamika nilai tukar rupiah terhadap US dollar. Efek redaman pada getaran dianalogikan dengan kebijakan pemerintah untuk menstabilkan nilai tukar rupiah dan gaya paksa dianalogikan sebagai gangguan faktor eksternal. Hasil perhitungan melalui regresi sederhana dan SPSS diketahui koefisien pergerakan nilai tukar dan ampiltudo getaran mempunyai arah yang sama, yaitu arah positif. Dari uji korelasi melalui analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial diperoleh hubungan (korelasi) dengan kekuatan Sedang antara nilai tukar rupiah dengan simpangan getaran paksa teredam, dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0.595. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa apabila nilai tukar naik (rupiah melemah), maka simpangan akan meningkat secara signifikan, sebaliknya jika nilai tukar menurun (rupiah menguat) maka simpangan akan menurun secara signifikan. Kata-kata kunci: pendulum torsi, getaran paksa teredam, nilai tukar rupiah, uji korelasi. Abstract There are similarities between the Rupiah rate exchange against the US Dollar and forced damped vibration. To identify those similarities along with the variables of its effect with forced damped vibration, a forced damped vibration model is tested using a pendulum torque device. For forced damped vibration the voltage source used is 8-8.4 V and with the Rupiah exchange rate against the US Dollar from 2013 to 2017. The results of the analysis show that there are similarities between forced damped vibration and the dynamics of the Rupiah exchange rate against the US Dollar. The effect of attenuation on vibration is analogous to the government policy to stabilize the Rupiah exchange rate, and the forced force is analogous to the external factor disruption. The results of calculations through a simple regression and SPSS note that the exchange rate movement coefficient and vibration amplitude have the same direction, namely the positive direction. From the correlation test through descriptive analysis and inferential analysis obtained the relationship (correlation) with the medium strength between the Rupiah exchange rate with the forced damped vibration deviation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.595. This shows that if the exchange rate rises (the Rupiah weakens), then the deviation will increase significantly, on the contrary, if the exchange rate decreases (the Rupiah strengthens) then the deviation will decrease significantly. Keywords: pendulum torque, forced damped vibration, Rupiah exchange rate, correlation test
Co-Authors Defrianto Pratama I Gede Rasagama Lusiani, Anie Muldiani, Ratu Fenny Nani Yuningsih Sardjito Sardjito Sardjito Sardjito Siti Samsiyah Purwaningsih Siti Syamsiah Purwaningsih