Dewi, Chloryne Trie Isana
Faculty Of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

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Journal : PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)

ICC and ASEAN: Weakening or Strengthening National Criminal Justice System? Chloryne Trie Isana Dewi
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 6, No 2 (2019): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

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The objective of the establishment of the International Criminal Court by the Rome Statute 1998 is to achieve global justice. The spirit to end impunity established the ICC to respond to four previous criminal tribunals that have been criticized as victor’s justice and selective justice. The ICC has material jurisdiction on the four most serious crimes: crimes against humanity, genocide, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. These crimes can be committed in any part of the world, including Southeast Asia. The latest case was crimes against humanity that lead to genocide of the Rohingya people in Myanmar, not to mention extra judicial killings as a policy of drugs war and towards journalist in the Philippines. However, none of the case has been brought to justice. In view of that, this study examined challenges and opportunities toward the implementation of Rome Statute 1998 in Southeast Asia.  Furthermore, it also observed possible impacts in implementing Rome Statute 1998 in Southeast Asia. The existing national legal instruments related to ICC can support the implementation of Rome Statute 1998 in Southeast Asia and achieve the objective of ICC to end impunity and to reach global justice. Nevertheless, challenges come from the governments of Southeast Asian states. They are reluctant to bring justice and fear that ICC can violate national sovereignty. Interestingly, the Philippines just withdrew itself as a state party to ICC since 2018.  Based on the basic principle of complementarity, the ICC is proposed to strengthening national criminal justice of a state. Therefore, the ICC should not be considered as a threat to national sovereignty of a state.Mahkamah Pidana Internasional dan Asean: Melemahkan atau Menguatkan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Nasional? AbstrakTujuan pembentukan Mahkamah Pidana Internasional (International Criminal Court/ICC) melalui Statuta Roma 1998 adalah untuk mencapai keadilan global dengan semangat memerangi dan bahkan menghapuskan impunitas. Mahkamah Pidana Internasional merupakan respon masyarakat internasional terhadap empat pengadilan pidana internasional sebelumnya yang dianggap tidak adil karena lebih memihak pada pemenang perang (victor’s justice) dan hanya mengadili orang-orang tertentu (selective justice). Jurisdiksi materil dari ICC terdiri dari empat kejahatan paling serius di dunia yaitu kejahatan terhadap kemanussiaan, genosida, kejahatan perang dan kejahatan agresi. Keempat kejahatan tersebut dapat terjadi di belahan dunia manapun, termasuk Asia Tenggara. Kasus terakhir yang menyita perhatian dunia yaitu tindakan pemerintah Myanmar terhadap kelompok Rohingya yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan yang juga mengarah pada genosida. Selain itu beberapa kasus pembunuhan sewenang-wenang (extra judicial killings) sebagai perang terhadap narkoba termasuk kepada para jurnalis juga masih terjadi di Filipina. Namun hingga saat ini kasus-kasus tersebut belum dapat diselesaikan secara hukum. Oleh karenanya, tulisan ini akan membahas tantangan dan peluang implementasi Statuta Roma 1998 di negara-negara ASEAN. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga mencoba menganalisa dampak yang dapat terjadi bilamana Statuta Roma 1998 diimplementasikan di ASEAN. Riset menunjukan bahwa peraturan perundangan nasional yang telah ada dapat mendukung implementasi Statuta Roma untuk mencapai tujuannya. Namun, sikap pemerintah negara-negara ASEAN diantaranya ketidakmauan untuk menegakkan hukum dalam rangka perlindungan HAM dan kegelisahan ICC akan merongrong kedaulatan negara menjadi tantangan terbesar. Bahkan, Filipina yang telah menjadi negara pihak menarik diri sejak tahun 2018. Prinsip dasar komplementaritas yang dimiliki ICC berupaya untuk menguatkan sistem hukum pidana suatu negara. Sehingga, Statuta Roma tidak perlu dianggap sebagai ancaman kedaulatan negara. Kata Kunci: ASEAN, Mahkamah Pidana Internasional, Statuta Roma 1998DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a10
Book Review: Islam and Human Rights Chloryne Trie Isana Dewi
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 4, No 3 (2017): PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Human rights and Islam are two very interesting issues to be discussed since there has been tension for decades. One agrees that Islamic law violates many aspects of human rights, yet other argues that human rights are against Islamic law. Nonetheless, there are also groups who accept that human rights and Islam are not contrary. This book written by Ann Elizabeth Mayer tries to give such objective perspective on the relation between human rights and Islam. With conspicuous title “Human Rights and Islam”, potential readers can assume that this book will discuss all matters in regards to the problematic of Islam and human rights in a whole. Beyond the expectation, this book focuses on the politics and tradition of Islamic countries in several ’attractive‘ areas such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Sudan in interacting with human rights. However, Mayer declares from the very first sentence of the preface that this title is purposed for practical function for those who search for references on Islam and Human Rights and emphasizes that this book is written based on her research in the area of Middle East as her area of interest. Mayer argues that there is no Islamic consensus on a single Islamic human rights philosophy as her main thesis in this book. This claim is based on her research, that even other religions with long and complex traditions, they prone to create conflict in the interpretation between religious doctrine and human rights. Furthermore, she elaborates her research in 10 chapters of the book particularly on how Muslims from North Africa to Pakistan are responding human rights, from total rejection to wholehearted embrace. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n3.a11
Balancing the Interests of Justice: The Case of Afghanistan in The International Criminal Court (ICC) Siti Rochmah Aga Desyana; Diajeng Wulan Christianti; Chloryne Trie Isana Dewi
PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) Vol 8, No 1 (2021): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

The interests of justice are criteria of the requirements under Article 53 of the Rome Statute to open a formal investigation of a case. However, it can be misinterpreted due to its lack of clear scopes and standards. The Afghanistan case highlighted this obscurity when The Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC) decided that the case should not proceed due to the interests of justice despite lacking negative determination from the Prosecutor, and the Appeals Chamber (AC) overturned this decision by excluding the interests of justice from proprio motu cases. This article verifies the limitations of the criteria in international criminal law (ICL) through the interpretation of the Rome Statute. In addition, it includes the other ICC’s supporting documents and the application to previous cases. This study is of the position that, in the Afghanistan decision, the PTC had overstepped their authority and made an arbitrary decision. The AC had misinterpreted the conjunction between Article 53(3) and Article 15(4) by excluding requirements under Article 53 from proprio motu cases. Based on the opinion, the interpretation on the interests of justice to ensure the criteria still valid as a balancing mechanism under the Rome Statute is very urgent. Menyeimbangkan Kepentingan Keadilan: Studi Putusan Pra-Peradilan dan Banding Mahkamah Pidana Internasional untuk Kasus Afghanistan AbstrakKepentingan keadilan adalah salah satu kriteria dalam Pasal 53 Statuta Roma tentang pembukaan penyidikan kasus. Akan tetapi, kriteria ini sangat mungkin untuk disalahgunakan karena kurangnya kejelasan akan cakupan dan standarnya. Kasus Afghanistan adalah contoh hasil produk dari ketidakjelasan ini. Kamar pra-Peradilan (KPP) memutuskan untuk tidak melanjutkan kasus ini karena melawan kepentingan keadilan meskipun Jaksa menyatakan bahwa kepentingan keadilan telah terpenuhi. Kemudian, Kamar Banding (KB) membatalkan putusan tersebut dengan menyatakan bahwa kepentingan keadilan dalam Pasal 53 tidak seharusnya dipertimbangkan dalam kasus proprio motu. Tulisan ini menganalisis batasan dari kepentingan keadilan dalam hukum pidana internasional dengan mengkaji keberadaannya di hukum domestik dan perspektif Mahkamah Pidana Internasional dalam memaknainya. Melalui kajian ini, ditemukan bahwa KPP telah melangkahi kewenangan mereka dan membuat keputusan tak berdasar pada kasus Afghanistan, dan KB salah memaknai hubungan antara Pasal 53(1) dan Pasal 15(4) Statuta Roma dalam putusannya. Karena pentingnya kriteria kepentingan keadilan, penting untuk segera memberikan penafsiran yang baku agar kriteria tersebut dapat digunakan tanpa melanggar Statuta Roma.Kata kunci: Afghanistan, kepentingan keadilan, Statuta Roma.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n1.a6