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Perilaku Petani Sayuran dalam Menggunakan Pestisida Kimia Ameriana, M
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penggunaan pestisida kimia di tingkat petani sayuran diindikasikan dalam jumlah yang berlebih, sementara hal tersebut sangat berbahaya baik bagi lingkungan maupun manusia. Berkaitan dengan masalah di atas telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji perilaku petani tomat dalam menggunakan pestisida kimia serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Juli 2004 di sentra produksi tomat Kecamatan Pangalengan dan Kecamatan Lembang, Kabupaten Bandung, mengunakan metode survei. Jumlah petani responden yang diwawancara adalah 156 orang. Penentuan lokasi penelitian (kecamatan dan desa) dilakukan secara sengaja berdasarkan luas areal tanam terbesar, sedangkan pemilihan petani responden di setiap desa dilakukan dengan metode acak berlapis berdasarkan luas lahan garapan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan uji statistik analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku petani tomat dalam menggunakan pestisida kimia dipengaruhi oleh (1) persepsi petani terhadap risiko, semakin tinggi persepsi petani terhadap risiko maka semakin tinggi kuantitas pestisida kimia yang digunakan, (2) persepsi petani tentang ketahanan kultivar tomat terhadap OPT, semakin rendah ketahanan suatu kultivar semakin tinggi kuantitas pestisida kimia yang digunakan, serta (3) pengetahuan petani tentang bahaya pestisida, semakin rendah pengetahuan petani semakin tinggi kuantitas pestisida yang digunakan.ABSTRACT. Ameriana, M. 2008. Farmer’s’s Behavior in Using Chemical Peststicide on Vegetablble. The use of chemical pesticides at the vegetable farmer’s level has been indicated to be excessive, and it was hazardous to environment and human health. This study was aimed to assess the tomato farmer’s behavior in using chemical pesticides and factors that may influence this behavior. A survey was carried out on June-July 2004 on tomato production centers, Lembang and Pangalengan, Bandung District. There were 156 respondents (farmers) interviewed in this study. Research location (subdistrict and village) were selected purposively based on the largest tomato planted area. Respondents were selected by using stratified random sampling, based on their farm size. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results showed that tomato farmer’s behavior was influenced by (1) farmer’s perception on risks, the higher the risk perception the higher the quantity of chemical pesticide used, (2) farmer’s perception on cultivar resistance to tomato pests, the lower the cultivar resistance the higher the quantity of chemical pesticide used, (3) farmer’s knowledge on the danger of pesticides, the lower the knowledge, the higher the quantity of chemical pesticide used.
Interaksi Komponen dalam Sistem Usahatani Tanaman-Ternak Pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi di Jawa Barat Adiyoga, Witono; Soetiarso, T A; Ameriana, M
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 2 (2008): Juni 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah dataran tinggi Jawa Barat (Lembang: Desa Cibodas dan Suntenjaya, Pangalengan: Desa Pulosari dan Margamulya, dan Ciwidey: Desa Lebakmuncang dan Panundaan) pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2004. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui interaksi antarkomponen dalam sistem usahatani tanaman-ternak pada ekosistem dataran tinggi. Responden di setiap lokasi ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria bahwa responden bersangkutan melakukan usahatani tanaman-ternak. Rincian jumlah responden di masing-masing lokasi adalah: Lembang 40 orang, Pangalengan 45 orang, dan Ciwidey 44 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem usahatani tanaman-ternak dataran tinggi di Jawa Barat merupakan sistem usahatani campuran terdiversifikasi, bukan sistem yang terintegrasi. Komponen sayuran dan sapi perah bersama-sama diusahakan, tetapi cenderung saling berdiri sendiri. Kombinasi 2 jenis usaha ini lebih bersifat saling mereduksi risiko, namun interaksi di antara keduanya cenderung minimal. Aliran hara bersifat linear, karena aktivitas daur ulang sumberdaya yang terjadi cenderung rendah. Interaksi antarkomponen juga bersifat minimal yang tercermin dari kontribusi kuantitatif subsistem ternak sapi perah terhadap kebutuhan total tenaga kerja untuk pengelolaan tanaman sayuran sebesar 0%, kontribusi subsistem ternak terhadap kebutuhan total pupuk kandang untuk pengelolaan tanaman sayuran hanya berkisar antara 0-25%, dan kontribusi limbah sayuran, atau produk sampingan dari sayuran yang diusahakan terhadap kebutuhan total pakan ternak hanya berkisar antara 0-10%. Berkaitan dengan penggunaan sumberdaya, kompetisi penggunaan tenaga kerja, khususnya tenaga kerja keluarga, misalnya, antara tenaga kerja untuk penyiangan/penyemprotan pestisida/pemupukan dengan tenaga kerja untuk keperluan menyabit rumput, sudah dirasakan sangat tinggi/ketat oleh petani. Dampak positif sistem tanaman-ternak yang dianggap nyata terhadap kelestarian lingkungan adalah penanaman rumput pakan ternak di pinggiran terasan (mengurangi erosi tanah) serta penggunaan pupuk kandang (memperbaiki struktur dan kesuburan tanah). Sementara itu, dampak negatif dari sistem tanaman-ternak berupa polusi, gangguan terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan, serta kesehatan manusia akibat pengendalian hama penyakit (tanaman dan hewan) secara kimiawi mulai dianggap nyata dan harus mulai mendapat perhatian lebih besar untuk dicarikan pemecahannya.ABSTRACT. Adiyoga, W., T. A. Soetiarso, and M. Ameriana. 2008. Component Interactions in Crop-livestock System in West Java Highland Ecosystem. This study was carried out in West Java highland areas (Lembang – Cibodas and Suntenjaya village, Pangalengan-Pulosari and Margamulya village, and Ciwidey – Lebakmuncang and Panundaan village) from June to October 2004. The objective of this study was to examine the component interactions of crop-livestock system in highland ecosystem. Respondents surveyed were those who grew vegetables and raised livestock simultaneously. Number of respondents selected were as follows: Lembang 40 respondents, Pangalengan 45 respondents, and Ciwidey 44 respondents. The results showed that crop livestock system (CLS) in West Java highland can be classified as diversified mixed farming systems, not integrated, consist of components such as crops and livestock that co-exist rather independently from each other (minimum interactions). In this case the mixing of vegetable crops and dairy-cows primarily serves to minimize risk and not to recycle resources. Nutrient flows tend to be linear, since the activity of resource-recycling is not significant. Minimum interactions between components were also reflected from zero contribution of labor from dairy-cow subsystem to the total labor requirement for vegetable cultivation; 0-25% contribution of manure from dairy-cow subsystem to the total organic fertilizer requirement for vegetable cultivation, and 0-10% contribution of crop wastes or by-products from vegetable farming to the total feed requirement for dairy-cows farming. Regarding resource utilization, there was high competition in labor-use, especially family labor, between vegetable and dairy-cows farming. Positive impacts of CLS perceived to be significant were the use of leys containing grasses and legumes to reduce erosion and use of manure to improve soil structure and fertility. Meanwhile, the negative impacts of CLS, such as pollution; environmental disruption and health hazards from disease and pest chemical control measures were beginning to be perceived as slightly significant and need more attention for finding the problem solution.
Perilaku Petani Sayuran dalam Menggunakan Pestisida Kimia M Ameriana
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v18n1.2008.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penggunaan pestisida kimia di tingkat petani sayuran diindikasikan dalam jumlah yang berlebih, sementara hal tersebut sangat berbahaya baik bagi lingkungan maupun manusia. Berkaitan dengan masalah di atas telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji perilaku petani tomat dalam menggunakan pestisida kimia serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Juli 2004 di sentra produksi tomat Kecamatan Pangalengan dan Kecamatan Lembang, Kabupaten Bandung, mengunakan metode survei. Jumlah petani responden yang diwawancara adalah 156 orang. Penentuan lokasi penelitian (kecamatan dan desa) dilakukan secara sengaja berdasarkan luas areal tanam terbesar, sedangkan pemilihan petani responden di setiap desa dilakukan dengan metode acak berlapis berdasarkan luas lahan garapan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan uji statistik analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku petani tomat dalam menggunakan pestisida kimia dipengaruhi oleh (1) persepsi petani terhadap risiko, semakin tinggi persepsi petani terhadap risiko maka semakin tinggi kuantitas pestisida kimia yang digunakan, (2) persepsi petani tentang ketahanan kultivar tomat terhadap OPT, semakin rendah ketahanan suatu kultivar semakin tinggi kuantitas pestisida kimia yang digunakan, serta (3) pengetahuan petani tentang bahaya pestisida, semakin rendah pengetahuan petani semakin tinggi kuantitas pestisida yang digunakan.ABSTRACT. Ameriana, M. 2008. Farmer’s’s Behavior in Using Chemical Peststicide on Vegetablble. The use of chemical pesticides at the vegetable farmer’s level has been indicated to be excessive, and it was hazardous to environment and human health. This study was aimed to assess the tomato farmer’s behavior in using chemical pesticides and factors that may influence this behavior. A survey was carried out on June-July 2004 on tomato production centers, Lembang and Pangalengan, Bandung District. There were 156 respondents (farmers) interviewed in this study. Research location (subdistrict and village) were selected purposively based on the largest tomato planted area. Respondents were selected by using stratified random sampling, based on their farm size. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results showed that tomato farmer’s behavior was influenced by (1) farmer’s perception on risks, the higher the risk perception the higher the quantity of chemical pesticide used, (2) farmer’s perception on cultivar resistance to tomato pests, the lower the cultivar resistance the higher the quantity of chemical pesticide used, (3) farmer’s knowledge on the danger of pesticides, the lower the knowledge, the higher the quantity of chemical pesticide used.
Interaksi Komponen dalam Sistem Usahatani Tanaman-Ternak Pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi di Jawa Barat Witono Adiyoga; T A Soetiarso; M Ameriana
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 2 (2008): Juni 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v18n2.2008.p%p

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah dataran tinggi Jawa Barat (Lembang: Desa Cibodas dan Suntenjaya, Pangalengan: Desa Pulosari dan Margamulya, dan Ciwidey: Desa Lebakmuncang dan Panundaan) pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2004. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui interaksi antarkomponen dalam sistem usahatani tanaman-ternak pada ekosistem dataran tinggi. Responden di setiap lokasi ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria bahwa responden bersangkutan melakukan usahatani tanaman-ternak. Rincian jumlah responden di masing-masing lokasi adalah: Lembang 40 orang, Pangalengan 45 orang, dan Ciwidey 44 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem usahatani tanaman-ternak dataran tinggi di Jawa Barat merupakan sistem usahatani campuran terdiversifikasi, bukan sistem yang terintegrasi. Komponen sayuran dan sapi perah bersama-sama diusahakan, tetapi cenderung saling berdiri sendiri. Kombinasi 2 jenis usaha ini lebih bersifat saling mereduksi risiko, namun interaksi di antara keduanya cenderung minimal. Aliran hara bersifat linear, karena aktivitas daur ulang sumberdaya yang terjadi cenderung rendah. Interaksi antarkomponen juga bersifat minimal yang tercermin dari kontribusi kuantitatif subsistem ternak sapi perah terhadap kebutuhan total tenaga kerja untuk pengelolaan tanaman sayuran sebesar 0%, kontribusi subsistem ternak terhadap kebutuhan total pupuk kandang untuk pengelolaan tanaman sayuran hanya berkisar antara 0-25%, dan kontribusi limbah sayuran, atau produk sampingan dari sayuran yang diusahakan terhadap kebutuhan total pakan ternak hanya berkisar antara 0-10%. Berkaitan dengan penggunaan sumberdaya, kompetisi penggunaan tenaga kerja, khususnya tenaga kerja keluarga, misalnya, antara tenaga kerja untuk penyiangan/penyemprotan pestisida/pemupukan dengan tenaga kerja untuk keperluan menyabit rumput, sudah dirasakan sangat tinggi/ketat oleh petani. Dampak positif sistem tanaman-ternak yang dianggap nyata terhadap kelestarian lingkungan adalah penanaman rumput pakan ternak di pinggiran terasan (mengurangi erosi tanah) serta penggunaan pupuk kandang (memperbaiki struktur dan kesuburan tanah). Sementara itu, dampak negatif dari sistem tanaman-ternak berupa polusi, gangguan terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan, serta kesehatan manusia akibat pengendalian hama penyakit (tanaman dan hewan) secara kimiawi mulai dianggap nyata dan harus mulai mendapat perhatian lebih besar untuk dicarikan pemecahannya.ABSTRACT. Adiyoga, W., T. A. Soetiarso, and M. Ameriana. 2008. Component Interactions in Crop-livestock System in West Java Highland Ecosystem. This study was carried out in West Java highland areas (Lembang – Cibodas and Suntenjaya village, Pangalengan-Pulosari and Margamulya village, and Ciwidey – Lebakmuncang and Panundaan village) from June to October 2004. The objective of this study was to examine the component interactions of crop-livestock system in highland ecosystem. Respondents surveyed were those who grew vegetables and raised livestock simultaneously. Number of respondents selected were as follows: Lembang 40 respondents, Pangalengan 45 respondents, and Ciwidey 44 respondents. The results showed that crop livestock system (CLS) in West Java highland can be classified as diversified mixed farming systems, not integrated, consist of components such as crops and livestock that co-exist rather independently from each other (minimum interactions). In this case the mixing of vegetable crops and dairy-cows primarily serves to minimize risk and not to recycle resources. Nutrient flows tend to be linear, since the activity of resource-recycling is not significant. Minimum interactions between components were also reflected from zero contribution of labor from dairy-cow subsystem to the total labor requirement for vegetable cultivation; 0-25% contribution of manure from dairy-cow subsystem to the total organic fertilizer requirement for vegetable cultivation, and 0-10% contribution of crop wastes or by-products from vegetable farming to the total feed requirement for dairy-cows farming. Regarding resource utilization, there was high competition in labor-use, especially family labor, between vegetable and dairy-cows farming. Positive impacts of CLS perceived to be significant were the use of leys containing grasses and legumes to reduce erosion and use of manure to improve soil structure and fertility. Meanwhile, the negative impacts of CLS, such as pollution; environmental disruption and health hazards from disease and pest chemical control measures were beginning to be perceived as slightly significant and need more attention for finding the problem solution.
Co-Authors T A Soetiarso Witono Adiyoga Witono Adiyoga