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All Journal Tadulako Law Review Hasanuddin Law Review Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Jurnal de jure Indonesian Comparative Law Review Mulawarman Law Review Risalah Hukum
Muhamad Muhdar
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mulawarman
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Konstruksi Hukum Diversi Pada Tahap Pelaksanaan Peradilan Anak Sumiati; Muhamad Muhdar; Ivan Zairani Lisi
Jurnal Mulawarman Law Review VOLUME 3 ISSUE 2 DECEMBER 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (457.272 KB) | DOI: 10.30872/mulrev.v3i2.85

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas konsekuensi hukum dalam proses peradilan bilamana penerapan diversi tidak dilakukan pada tingkat penyidikan, dan proses yang meniadakan penerapan diversi mempengaruhi perlindungan kepentingan hukum bagi pelaku tindak pidana. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah social legal research dengan membangun variable sebagai dasar pengukuran isu hukum yang dibangun. Dalam pendekatan ini, variabel mengenai perdebatan dalam kerangka teori, perdebatan pada tingkat relasi antar norma dan perdebatan pada tingkat kepentingan korban dalam proses penerapan diversi. Konsekuensi hukum dalam proses peradilan anak bilamana penerapan diversi tidak dilakukan pada tingkat penyidikan bahwa tidak ada konsekuensi hukum bagi penyidik yang tidak melakukan upaya diversi pada saat proses pemeriksaan perkara yang dilakukan karena secara normatif tidak ada ketentuan yang dilanggar selama proses penyidikan. Peniadaan penerapan diversi bagi pelaku tindak pidana khususnya untuk anak tentunya tidak memberikan rasa keadilan bagi anak, dikarenakan hak-hak anak yang dijamin oleh undang-undang tidak terpenuhi.
HIGH CONSERVATION VALUE (HCV) CONSIDERATION IN THE EXTRICATION OF FOREST AREA FOR PALM PLANTATION Muhdar, Muhamad; Retno S., Haris; Sopialena, Sopialena
Tadulako Law Review Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Planting activities are undergoing in the area of former forest with mechanism of extrication of forest area or non-forest area that commonly has high conservation value or known as High Conservation Value (HCV). However, the extrication of forest area for Palm Plantation has eroded the presence of forest with HCV disrupting ecosystem balance and harming the wellbeing of current and next generations. Legal system does not specifically regulate the limit of application for the use of forest area for palm plantation through the mechanism of forest extrication. Legal provisions at the national and regional levels encounter a difficulty accommodating the existence of area with HCV, especially in terms of regional spatial plans. Moreover, the obscurity of forest distribution and non-forestry areas with HCV also complicates the regulation at the level of imperative provisions.
Environmental Justice in Intra Generations: An Overview of Aristotle's Distributive Justice to Coal Mining Endyka, Yovi Cajapa; Muhdar, Muhamad; Sabaruddin, Abdul Kadir
Indonesian Comparative Law Review Vol 3, No 1: December 2020
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/iclr.v3i1.11234

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources, ranging from sand. Tin, copper, coal, iron ore to gold. Therefore, the State should provide environmental justice to create reserves with wise and sustainable management of natural resources. This study uses a doctrinal method in order to answer the problem under study. This study will examine how Aristotle's distributive justice can sharpen the concept of justice for coal mining management. This study will focus on environmental justice in intra-generational terms in terms of Aristotle's distributive justice to coal mining. Protection of access (conservation of access) reflects the allocation of rights and access to natural resources balanced between different generations and fellow members of the current generation. Thus, access to protection provides fair and non-discriminatory rights for every citizen of the current generation to use environmental resources. However, in using these resources, each member of the current generation has an obligation (equitable duties) to ensure that his actions will not reduce future generations' access to these resources. The state through mining or environmental policies has not provided justice for the community, where the community accepts more risks such as social injustice, environmental and health harm from coal mining activities than receiving the benefits.
Transformasi Energi Indonesia: Konstelasi Geopolitik dan Pengaturan untuk Energi Terbarukan Andi Nur Charisma Putri Iskandar; Devan Filia Pratama; Muhamad Muhdar
Jurnal de jure Vol 14, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Dejure
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Balikpapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36277/jurnaldejure.v14i1.629

Abstract

Ketersediaan energi bagi suatu negara merupakan keuntungan untuk mengembangkan kualitas hidup di samping kapasitasnya untuk memberikan pengaruh pada sistem geopolitik global. Energi dapat menjadi dasar hubungan bilateral; namun, itu juga dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber konflik dalam hubungan internasional. Kontrol energi terutama ketergantungan energi fosil mempengaruhi keberlanjutan ekonomi dan pada saat yang sama menandakan daya tahan yang dimiliki suatu negara dalam menghadapi gangguan yang dilakukan oleh negara lain. Indonesia bergantung pada energi fosil dan belum mencapai pencapaian dalam transformasi energi karena konsistensi dalam desain energi terbarukan dan pengaturan politik hukum yang dimaksudkan untuk ditargetkan. Kondisi tersebut akan berdampak pada masa depan geopolitik Indonesia jika terjadi kontestasi dengan negara lain yang juga tertarik untuk mengelola energi global.
PENGGUNAAN CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS SEBAGAI BUKTI OBJEK TRANSAKSI CARBON CREDITING Agatha Sevilla Maharani; Muhamad Muhdar; Rahmawati Alhidayah
Jurnal de jure Vol 12, No 2 (2020): Jurnal De Jure
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Balikpapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36277/jurnaldejure.v12i2.467

Abstract

Indonesia ikut serta dalam skema jual-beli karbon sebagai upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim. Karbon merupakan benda tidak berwujud yang diperjualbelikan berdasarkan pada perjanjian. Penelitian ini diajukan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan yaitu pertama menganalisis skema perdagangan karbon menurut Hukum Perdata khususnya jual-beli. Kedua menganalisa mengenai Certified Emissions Reductions (CER) sebagai bukti objek transaksi Carbon Crediting.Dalam hukum perdata Indonesia tidak mengenal karbon sebagai objek hukum, tetapi Indonesia telah melakukan jual-beli karbon sebagai bentuk adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Namun demikian dalam precedent praktek hukum dapat direplikasi sebagai objek hukum tidak berwujud. Hak kepemilikan dari karbon ditandai dengan CER berpotensi sebagai peneguhan objek kepemilikan karbon belum dapat dipastikan yang dapat berakibat pada adanya konflik dimasyarakat karena hak karbon dan pembagian manfaat dari jual beli karbon belum dapat dipastikan.
REKONSTRUKSI BASIS PERHITUNGAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PERISTIWA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PADA SEKTOR SUMBER DAYA ALAM Muhamad Muhdar
Jurnal de jure Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Balikpapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (825.279 KB) | DOI: 10.36277/.v12i1.374

Abstract

This article aims to examine: First, how to determine calculation basis of state loss in the event of corruption in natural resource sector. Second, whether environmental destruction and pollution resulting in the loss or the degradation of economic value of the environmental can be the basis to extend the meaning of state loss. The constitution declares that the natural resources are under the power of the state. This constitutional right means that the state is authorized to control state resources. The state rule over natural resources is confirmed by state rights to manage, distribute as well as protect the utilization in order to be useful for social well-being. However, it is argued that the state is not without blemish in term of effective management as destruction and pollution are rampant. Furthermore, natural resource utilizers and certain people in the state agencies commit crime in concert in various sectors of natural resources. State loss in term of financial obligation value or contractual relationship is barely able to dismiss the weakness on the part of the state in protecting the common goods. It is therefore necessary to extend state loss calculation by adding the degradation or the loss of state income and the increasing public burden as a result of the destruction of livelihood.
Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Praktik Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan untuk Kegiatan Pertambangan Batubara Muhamad Muhdar; Mohamad Nasir; Rosdiana Rosdiana
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 1 ISSUE 3, DECEMBER 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1584.291 KB) | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v1i3.120

Abstract

Penelitian ini disampaikan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan: Pertama, bagaimana kerangka hukum mengenai izin pinjam pakai kawasan hutan untuk kegiatan pertambangan batubara dan apa masalah-masalah hukum yang terdapat di dalamnya; Kedua, bagaimana implementasi peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan untuk pertambangan batubara. Penelitian ini menggunakan penggunakan pendekatan socio-legal dengan menggunakan sejumlah narasumber dan area terpilih. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa praktik pinjam pakai kawasan hutan untuk kegiatan pertambangan batubara adalah tindakan menghilangkan hutan yang dilegalisasi oleh negara. Terdapat ketidakjelasan status hukum pertanggungjawaban peminjam yang tidak melakukan pengembalian kawasan hutan, kecuali hanya melakukan pembayaran kepada negara berupa Pendapatan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) tanpa reklamasi. Praktik ini juga memunculkan ketidakjelasan makna hubungan hukum pinjam-meminjam. Implementasi Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan untuk kegiatan pertambangan batubara tidak memberikan fungsi perlindungan hutan di Kalimantan Timur.
Penerapan Teori Conditio sine Qua Non Dalam PeristiwaTumpahan Minyak Di Teluk Balikpapan Mawaddaturrokhmah; Muhamad Muhdar; Rini Apriyani
Jurnal Risalah Hukum Volume 16, Nomor 1, Juni 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/risalah.v16i1.147

Abstract

The theory of conditio sine qua non is known in criminal law and is important in uncovering the causal relationship in criminal acts. However, it will generate problems when applied in environmental cases such as environmental pollution caused by oil pollution in Balikpapan. This study adopts a doctrinal approach including examining the Decision of the Balikpapan District Court Number: 749/Pid.B/LH/2018/PN.BPP. The theory of conditio sine qua non is not purely applied as a process of determining accountability. This theory is only applied at the investigation stage but not at the court process although in the facts of the trial there are several factors causing the oil spill in Balikpapan Bay including those who contributed in the occurrence of this case. Keywords: causality, conditio sine qua non; pollution; oil spill; environment
ASPEK HUKUM REKLAMASI PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA PADA KAWASAN HUTAN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR Muhamad Muhdar
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 27, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (326.729 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.15883

Abstract

This study was submitted to answer two questions, first, whether the reclamation obligations of license holders have conformity with the principles of forest protection. Secondly, how the implementation of regulations regarding the reclamation of coal mining in forest areas in Kalimantan Timur. This study uses socio-legal approach to the research area in Kalimantan Timur province. Based on these results, forest destruction can not be avoided because the current rules justify coal mining in forest areas. Implementation of the regulations on reclamation of coal mining in forest areas can be performed without re-vegetation and reduce the number of forest in Kalimantan Timur province. Penelitian ini diajukan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan, pertama, apakah kewajiban reklamasi pemegang izin memiliki kesesuaian dengan prinsip perlindungan hutan. Kedua, bagaimana implementasi peraturan mengenai reklamasi pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan di Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal dengan area penelitian di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kerusakan hutan tidak dapat dihindari karena aturan saat ini membenarkan pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan. Implementasi peraturan tentang reklamasi pertambangan batubara di kawasan hutan dapat dilakukan tanpa revegetasi dan mengurangi jumlah hutan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur.
Eksistensi Polluter Pays Principle dalam Pengaturan Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia Muhamad Muhdar
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 21, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (380.231 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.16247

Abstract

Polluter- Pays Principle (PPP) was initially known as economic instrument to maintain the balance between natural resources exploitation and economic activities. In its further development, PPP was defined as basic instrument of legal responsibility. In Indonesian legal perspective, PPP was not arranged adequately, either in its basic level of law arrangement or in its definition subsisted in court’s verdicts, including its clear existence in legal system. However, the principle has become reference in practical level, especially in the settlement of environmental pollution cases. For Indonesia, the position of this principle was supposed to be defined in accordance with its purposes of formulation by applying economic instruments, such as charge for guarantee fund, environmental tax, as well as charge for environmental service. In legal perspective, the principle was not relevant to be used as the basis for legal responsibility, including cannot be understood as an excuse for polluting.
Co-Authors Abdul Kadir Sabaruddin Agatha Sevilla Maharani Andi Nur Charisma Putri Iskandar Devan Filia Pratama Endyka, Yovi Cajapa Fiki Nicola Rangga Haris Retno Susmiyati Ivan Zairani Lisi Ivan Zairani Lisi Mawaddaturrokhmah Mohamad Nasir Rahmawati Alhidayah Ria Anjani Rini Apriyani Rosdiana Rosdiana Sopialena . Sumiati