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Dynamic power allocation and scheduling for MIMO RF energy harvesting wireless sensor platforms Amar Esse; Khaizuran Abdullah; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli; Ani Liza Asnawi; Md. Rafiqul Islam
TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Vol 19, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/telkomnika.v19i5.20413

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting systems are enabling new evolution towards charging low energy wireless devices, especially wireless sensor networks (WSN). This evolution is sparked by the development of low-energy micro-controller units (MCU). This article presents a practical multiple input multiple output (MIMO) RF energy-harvesting platform for WSN. The RF energy is sourced from a dedicated access point (AP). The sensor node is equipped with multiple antennas with diverse frequency responses. Moreover, the platform allows for simultaneous information and energy transfer without sacrificing system duplexity, unlike time-switching RF harvesting systems where data is transmitted only for a portion of the total transmission duty cycle, or power-splitting systems where the power difference between the information signal (IS) and energy signal (ES) is neglected. The proposed platform addresses the gap between those two. Furthermore, system simulation and two energy scheduling methods between AP and sensor node (SN) are presented, namely, Continuous power stream (CPS) and intermittent power stream (IPS).

Analysis of different digital filters for received signal strength indicator Rafhanah Shazwani Rosli; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Md. Rafiqul Islam
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Due to high demand in Internet of Things applications, researchers are exploring deeper alternative methods to provide efficiency in terms of application, energy, and cost among other factors. A frequently used technique is the Received Signal Strength Indicator value for different Internet of Things applications. It is imperative to investigate the digital signal filter for the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings to interpret it into more reliable data. A contrasting analysis of three different types of digital filters is presented in this paper, namely: Simple Moving Average filter, Alpha Trimmed Mean filter and Kalman filter. There are three criteria used to observe the performance of these digital filters which are noise reduction, data proximity and delays. Based on the criteria, the choice of digital signal processing filter can be determined in accordance with its implementations in [ractice. For example, Alpha-Trimmed Meanfilter is shown to be more efficient if used in the pre-processing of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings for physical intrusion detection due to its high data proximity. Hence, this paper illustrates the possibilities of the use of Received Signal Strength Indicator in different Internet of Things applications given a proper choice of digital signal processing filter.

Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-array Naimul Mukit; Md. Rafiqul Islam; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; A. H. M. Zahirul Alam; Khaizuran Abdullah; Norun Farihah Abdul Malek; Rauful Nibir; Noor Hidayah M. Adnan; Eid Osman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.

Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-array Naimul Mukit; Md. Rafiqul Islam; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; A. H. M. Zahirul Alam; Khaizuran Abdullah; Norun Farihah Abdul Malek; Rauful Nibir; Noor Hidayah M. Adnan; Eid Osman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.

Analysis of different digital filters for received signal strength indicator Rafhanah Shazwani Rosli; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Md. Rafiqul Islam
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Due to high demand in Internet of Things applications, researchers are exploring deeper alternative methods to provide efficiency in terms of application, energy, and cost among other factors. A frequently used technique is the Received Signal Strength Indicator value for different Internet of Things applications. It is imperative to investigate the digital signal filter for the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings to interpret it into more reliable data. A contrasting analysis of three different types of digital filters is presented in this paper, namely: Simple Moving Average filter, Alpha Trimmed Mean filter and Kalman filter. There are three criteria used to observe the performance of these digital filters which are noise reduction, data proximity and delays. Based on the criteria, the choice of digital signal processing filter can be determined in accordance with its implementations in [ractice. For example, Alpha-Trimmed Meanfilter is shown to be more efficient if used in the pre-processing of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings for physical intrusion detection due to its high data proximity. Hence, this paper illustrates the possibilities of the use of Received Signal Strength Indicator in different Internet of Things applications given a proper choice of digital signal processing filter.

Smartphone aided real-time blood vein detection system Kazi Istiaque Ahmed; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Md. Rafiqul Islam
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

This paper aims to develop a real-time integrated system for the detection of the blood vein utilizing an Android Mobile App. The system is intended to be a low cost solution for medical teams at clinics, emergency rooms and hosptials. The system reduces the enjuries incurred due to inaccuracies during the process of frequent needle injection when blood vein is not visible during patient’s skin inspection. Illuminated infrared light in the blood cells of the vein is absorbed due to the manifestation of the Haemoglobin in blood and the IR non-blocking camera can capture the vein patterns in the IR light spectrum. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm was used to enhance the pattern of the vein in the Android application developed using OpenCV3. Developed system can detect the veins up to 7mm underneath of human skin in real time with a frame rate of 25fps. This is a far better improvement than commercial systems that can detect veins only below 10mm underneath the skin. Moreover, this system not only focused on needle infusion but also it can be used to indicate the place of bleeding for the clots from the human body strokes, etc. in the upper layer of skin. It can also be used to detect & measure liquids in encapsulated in confined dark bottles, for example, liquid chemical pouring into the bottles in the chemical companies, liquid medicine pouring to bottles, etc. The system can be further developed to detect skin infection and other dermatological diseases underneath the skin.

Designing large-scale antenna array using sub-array Naimul Mukit; Md. Rafiqul Islam; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; A. H. M. Zahirul Alam; Khaizuran Abdullah; Norun Farihah Abdul Malek; Rauful Nibir; Noor Hidayah M. Adnan; Eid Osman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Antenna array of large scale have been examined for different applications including 5G technology. To get better data rate or a reliable link substantial number of antenna arrays have been utilized to provide high multiplexing gains as well as array gains with high directivity. In this paper a simple but efficient implementation technique of using sub-arrays for the improvement of large-sized uniform arrays. By repeating a small sub-array multiple times large arrays can be designed. This implication of utilizing small array simplifies the design of a larger array which allows the designer to concentrate on the smaller sub-array before assembling larger arrays. So, by investigating the sub arrays the performance and radiation characteristics of large arrays can be anticipated. The array-factor for a planar sub-array of 2x2 (4 elements) is analyzed using Mat-lab software and then a large array is formed by placing the 2x2 sub-array indifferent configurations in a rectangular arrangements up to 8x8 planar array. And then the results are validated with CST (Computer simulation technology) simulation results.In this way the array-factors, directivities, HPBWs, and side lobes of the constructed large arrays are analyzed and associated with the small sub-array.

Analysis of different digital filters for received signal strength indicator Rafhanah Shazwani Rosli; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Md. Rafiqul Islam
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Due to high demand in Internet of Things applications, researchers are exploring deeper alternative methods to provide efficiency in terms of application, energy, and cost among other factors. A frequently used technique is the Received Signal Strength Indicator value for different Internet of Things applications. It is imperative to investigate the digital signal filter for the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings to interpret it into more reliable data. A contrasting analysis of three different types of digital filters is presented in this paper, namely: Simple Moving Average filter, Alpha Trimmed Mean filter and Kalman filter. There are three criteria used to observe the performance of these digital filters which are noise reduction, data proximity and delays. Based on the criteria, the choice of digital signal processing filter can be determined in accordance with its implementations in [ractice. For example, Alpha-Trimmed Meanfilter is shown to be more efficient if used in the pre-processing of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings for physical intrusion detection due to its high data proximity. Hence, this paper illustrates the possibilities of the use of Received Signal Strength Indicator in different Internet of Things applications given a proper choice of digital signal processing filter.

Smartphone aided real-time blood vein detection system Kazi Istiaque Ahmed; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Md. Rafiqul Islam
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

This paper aims to develop a real-time integrated system for the detection of the blood vein utilizing an Android Mobile App. The system is intended to be a low cost solution for medical teams at clinics, emergency rooms and hosptials. The system reduces the enjuries incurred due to inaccuracies during the process of frequent needle injection when blood vein is not visible during patient’s skin inspection. Illuminated infrared light in the blood cells of the vein is absorbed due to the manifestation of the Haemoglobin in blood and the IR non-blocking camera can capture the vein patterns in the IR light spectrum. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm was used to enhance the pattern of the vein in the Android application developed using OpenCV3. Developed system can detect the veins up to 7mm underneath of human skin in real time with a frame rate of 25fps. This is a far better improvement than commercial systems that can detect veins only below 10mm underneath the skin. Moreover, this system not only focused on needle infusion but also it can be used to indicate the place of bleeding for the clots from the human body strokes, etc. in the upper layer of skin. It can also be used to detect & measure liquids in encapsulated in confined dark bottles, for example, liquid chemical pouring into the bottles in the chemical companies, liquid medicine pouring to bottles, etc. The system can be further developed to detect skin infection and other dermatological diseases underneath the skin.

Design of Wilkinson power divider at 28 GHz for 5G applications Nurfarhana Nabila Ridzuan; Norun Farihah Abdul Malek; Farah Nadia Mohd Isa; Md. Rafiqul Islam; Ku Chui Choon Ivan; Nidal Qasem
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 26, No 3: June 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i3.pp1444-1450

A power divider plays a significant function in antenna’s feeding network. Many types of power divider exist yet there are only a few existing studies of Wilkinson power dividers at high frequencies (28 GHz) for 5G communications systems. This paper presents a tapered 2-way Wilkinson power divider that operates in Malaysia's 5G wireless communication band (28 GHz). CST microwave studio is used to design, simulate, and optimize the tapered 2-way Wilkinson divider. The simulation results show resonance around 23.5-37.9 GHz. The operating frequency of 28 GHz resulted in power division with a 3.2 dB insertion loss and has an isolation of 19.21 dB. The design can be made wideband with equal power division at each output port by adding an extra resistor along the tapered line to reduce output return loss and isolation, as demonstrated in this paper.

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