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KARAKTERISASI DAN POTENSI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI LIMBAH KAYU PADA REAKSI HIDROLISIS SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE Lisna Efiyanti; Sutanto Sutanto; Nailah Hakimah; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 37, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Biomassa berlignoselulosa merupakan bahan baku berbagai produk yang menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu biomassa berlignoselulosa yaitu limbah yang didapatkan dari sisa penggergajian kayu untuk kepentingan industri, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif yang berfungsi sebagai katalis. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan proses pembuatan karbon aktif dari limbah campuran kayu kamper dan meranti melalui proses pirolisis suhu 500 °C yang dilanjutkan dengan proses sulfonasi menggunakan H2SO4 10N. Produk karbon aktif tersulfonasi (KA-SO3H) kemudian dikarakterisasi yang meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, karbon terikat, daya jerap iod sesuai SNI 06-3730-1995, keasaman menggunakan adsorpsi amonia, dan gugus fungsi menggunakan analisa FTIR. Selanjutnya karbon aktif tersulfonasi diuji aplikasinya pada reaksi hidrolisis sekam padi menggunakan microwave dengan variasi bobot sekam padi sebesar 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 g pada daya 400 dan 600 W selama 5, 7, dan 9 menit. Kadar glukosa filtrat hasil reaksi selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode asam dinitrosalisilat (DNS). Kondisi optimum reaksi hidrolisis diperoleh pada penggunaan katalis karbon aktif tersulfonasi (daya 400 W, rasio sekam padi:katalis 1:8, serta waktu 9 menit) menghasilkan kadar glukosa sebesar 330,51 ppm dengan persen perolehan glukosa 61,97%, dan energi yang diperlukan sebesar 216 kJ.

KARAKTERISASI DAN POTENSI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI LIMBAH KAYU PADA REAKSI HIDROLISIS SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE Lisna Efiyanti; Sutanto Sutanto; Nailah Hakimah; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 37, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2019.37.2.67-80

Biomassa berlignoselulosa merupakan bahan baku berbagai produk yang menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu biomassa berlignoselulosa yaitu limbah yang didapatkan dari sisa penggergajian kayu untuk kepentingan industri, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif yang berfungsi sebagai katalis. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan proses pembuatan karbon aktif dari limbah campuran kayu kamper dan meranti melalui proses pirolisis suhu 500 °C yang dilanjutkan dengan proses sulfonasi menggunakan H2SO4 10N. Produk karbon aktif tersulfonasi (KA-SO3H) kemudian dikarakterisasi yang meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, karbon terikat, daya jerap iod sesuai SNI 06-3730-1995, keasaman menggunakan adsorpsi amonia, dan gugus fungsi menggunakan analisa FTIR. Selanjutnya karbon aktif tersulfonasi diuji aplikasinya pada reaksi hidrolisis sekam padi menggunakan microwave dengan variasi bobot sekam padi sebesar 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 g pada daya 400 dan 600 W selama 5, 7, dan 9 menit. Kadar glukosa filtrat hasil reaksi selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode asam dinitrosalisilat (DNS). Kondisi optimum reaksi hidrolisis diperoleh pada penggunaan katalis karbon aktif tersulfonasi (daya 400 W, rasio sekam padi:katalis 1:8, serta waktu 9 menit) menghasilkan kadar glukosa sebesar 330,51 ppm dengan persen perolehan glukosa 61,97%, dan energi yang diperlukan sebesar 216 kJ.

Development of A Hybrid Method by Integrating Electrocoagulation Countinous System with Activated Charcoal Adsorption to Treat Sago Wastewater Amelia Puspitasari; Sutanto Sutanto; Linda Jati Kusumawadani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Wastewater from the sago industry can pose a risk of pollution because it contains chemicals such as high organic matter content, fiber, 4% unextracted starch, nitrogen solution, and cyanoglucoside which are difficult to degrade in the environment. Sago wastewater is generally acidic, has foul smells, and has a high solids concentration. In this study, a hybrid method using electrocoagulation continuous system and activated carbon adsorption was developed to decrease organic and inorganic contaminates which considered importand environmental concern. These two methods have the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, low efficiency, and short reaction time. The flow rate will affect the pause time of the sample in the reactor. The longer the pause time, feeding will lead to an increase in the level of turbidity that can be lowered. Industrial wastewater variations in the initial analysis then carried out the electrocoagulation process in a continuous system with a container capacity of 1680 mL with an electrode distance of 2 cm, a voltage of 18 volts, and wastewater into a container with a flow rate of 1 mL/, 2 mL/second, 3 mL/ sec, 4 mL/sec, and 5 mL/sec. In addition, the waste is directly into a container containing charcoal. The parameters studied were COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, KMnO4, DO, pH, DHL, and Al concentration analysis with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, odor, and color analysis. The maximum removal efficiency for TDS, TSS. COD, BOD, TDS, KMnO4 were 81.16%, 87.58%, 91.32%, 48.66%, 99.07%, for a flow rate of 1 mL/second, also other parameters also met have met the quality standards set by PerMenLH No. 5.

Characterization of Batik Industrial Wastewater in Bogor City Siti Kholisoh; Intan Wulandari; Ani Iryani; Sutanto Sutanto; Siti Warnasih
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Wastewater from the batik industry in Bogor City is the most waste produced from the dyeing process. The batik industry produces waste with concentrated color due to the high concentration of color content from the dyeing process. This affects water bodies as a direct disposal site for waste. Batik waste also has the potential to contain heavy metal compounds derived from the composition of dyes. This will have an impact on the disruption of the balance in the environment around the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize batik wastewater to determine the pollutant content. This research aims to characterize the batik industry wastewater in the city of Bogor by measuring the levels of COD, BOD, TSS, pH, temperature, total chromium content, total phenol content, and sulfide content according to the parameters P.16/MENLKH/SETJEN /KUM.1/4/2019. The results showed the characteristics of the wastewater from the batik industry in Bogor City with levels of COD in dyeing waste at 797 mg/L and total waste at 52463 mg/L, BOD levels in dyeing waste at 431 mg/L, and total waste at 238 mg/L. TSS in the dyeing waste is 706.5 mg/L and the total waste is 3679 mg/L, the temperature in the dyeing waste is 26.9 °C and the total waste is 26.3°C, pH in staining waste at 1.62 and total waste at 6.82; the total chromium content in the staining waste was 2.62 mg/L and the total waste was 940.2 mg/L, the total phenol content and sulfide content in the dyeing waste and total waste was not detected. The characteristics of batik waste are not by the established quality standards, so there is a need for processing before the waste is discharged into the environment.

Optimization of Adsorption of Eugenol-Silica Gel Composites to Metal Ions Cu (II) Using Box Behnken Method Fitra Rachmalia; Muhammad Fathurrahman; Sutanto Sutanto
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Silica gel can be used as an absorbent so that it can also be used as a process for making eugenol-silica gel composites. This study aims to optimize the adsorption of the eugenol-silica gel composite to Cu (II) metal ions and to determine the maximum absorption capacity and adsorption constant of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. This research begins with determining the optimization of contact time 10-60 minutes, temperature 20-45 oC and the weight of the adsorbent is carried out in the range of 0.10-0.20 grams in a 50 mL solution and the experimental design of the box Behnken method will determine three variables through (Response Surface Methodology). Furthermore, the determination of Cu levels by preparing 100 ppm Cu mother liquor, making a standard series, and testing with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and then determination of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the adsorption process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were at a contact time of 30 minutes, a temperature of 45 oC with an adsorbent weight of 0.10 grams in a 50 mL solution, in Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption. The adsorption process takes place in two directions (reversible) the values of Kf, b and n are 8331; -5.2224 and -0.4541. The adsorption process takes place in two directions (reversible) the values of Kf, b and n are 8331; -5.2224 and -0.4541. The adsorption process takes place in two directions (reversible) the values of Kf, b and n are 8331; -5.2224 and -0.4541.

COFFEE GROUND ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AND ITS POTENTIAL AS AN ADSORBENT OF Ca2+ AND Mg2+ IONS IN REDUCING WATER HARDNESS Achmad Khaerul Mustaqim; Sutanto Sutanto; Yulian Syahputri
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2021): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Residents of Ciaruteun Udik Village experienced complaints about the well water they use, namely the presence of scale on cooking utensils, soap is difficult to foam, and indigestion due to consuming hard water. One way to reduce water hardness is by adsorption. Coffee grounds can be used as activated charcoal and function as an adsorbent for calcium and magnesium metal ions. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum contact time, pH, and weight of coffee grounds in the maximum adsorption of hardness in water. This study begins with the preparation of samples in hard water and coffee grounds, namely by activation with HCl, then the FTIR test of coffee grounds before and after activation. Activated coffee grounds charcoal was tested for adsorption capacity against hardness in water with variations in contact time, pH, and weight of the adsorbent. The results showed that coffee grounds activated charcoal can be used as an adsorbent in reducing water hardness. The optimum pH and contact time of coffee grounds activated charcoal in adsorption of hardness in water was at a contact time of 75 minutes and pH 7 with a hardness level in water of 565.17 mg CaCO3/L decreasing to 56 mg CaCO3/L. The optimum weight of coffee grounds activated charcoal in adsorption of hardness in water was 10 grams with hardness levels in water from 565.17 mg CaCO3/L decreasing to 12 mg CaCO3/L.

Hg (II) and Cd (II) Heavy Metal Ions Detection Based On Fluorescence Using Zn (II) Metal Ion Complex with Pyrazoline Derivatives Ligand Yulian Syahputri; Sutanto Sutanto; Riza Shabrina Zamzani
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 2, No 1 (2022): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Pyrazoline derivatives can be used as ligands because they have photophysical properties and can chelate metal ions which cause very strong absorption, emission and have a fluorescence properties. Therefore, in recent years, pyrazoline ligands and their derivatives have been widely used for chemosensors. This research aims to detect fluorescence-based heavy metal ions Hg2+ and Cd2+ using a metal ion complex compound Zn2+ with pyrazoline derivative ligand. The research was started by synthesizing pyrazoline-derived ligands, then synthesizing complex compounds. Complex compounds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, and Spectrofluorometer. Then, a fluorescence study was carried out to determine the type of fluorosensor for complex compounds with the addition of heavy metal ions Cd2+ and Hg2+. The last stage is UV-Vis spectroscopy study on the addition of heavy metal ions Hg2+ and Cd2+. Pyrazoline derivative ligand obtained as para-di-2-(1-phenyl-3-pyridyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)benzene is a yellow solid. The metal ion complex compound Zn2+ with pyrazolin derivative ligand is a brown colored compound, has a yield of 45 % and a melting point is 245 oC. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of functional groups such as amine, C-H aromatic, C=N, C=C aromatic, C-N, Zn-N and Zn-Cl. Analysis with UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that there was a shift in the maximum wavelength from the ligand to the Zn(II)-ligand complex, namely 240 nm to 246 nm and 363 nm with molar absorptivity values (log ) of 4.56 and 4.28, respectively. For fluorescence analysis, two absorbance peaks were obtained, namely at a wavelength of 370 nm with an intensity of 3644 a.u and 478 m at 8216 a.u. The results of fluorescence chemosensor studies on the addition of heavy metal ions Hg2+ and Cd2+ showed that the metal ion complex compound Zn2+ with pyrazoline-derived ligands can detect heavy metal ions Hg2+ and Cd2+ with a turn-on type.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT NON PRODUKTIF MELALUI KETERAMPILAN PEMBUATAN TAWAS DARI LIMBAH KALENG BEKAS MINUMAN Ani Iryani; Sutanto Sutanto; Muhammad Fathurrachman
Qardhul Hasan: Media Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 2 (2017): OCTOBER
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda Bogor

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT NON PRODUKTIF MELALUI KETERAMPILAN PEMBUATAN TAWAS DARILIMBAH KALENG BEKAS MINUMANABSTRACT Leuwiliang Village, Leuwiliang District, Bogor Regency, is a village that has a fairly dense population with diverse livelihoods. Village Government information is known as 25% of the population has not had a job, so classified as a non-productive society with a very limited educational background and skills. The people of this group are right as partners of abdimas to be given an advanced skills in order to be independent. In this abdimas given the skill to make alum from waste used drink cans. The existing hope can transform into a working society and become a productive society. Instead it can improve the economic prosperity of the village. Abdimas this time was chosen from RW 10 residents of Leuwiliang village with potential both men and women. In addition, also selected the Foundation of Islamic Education Saefulloh Assa'diyyah (YAPISA) which can provide a means of producing alum from the raw materials used tin cans. Implementation of this program is done through training and demonstration skill of alum making from raw materials of beverage cans for household scale until finished product with good alum quality, this training had be done 4 time in July and August 2017. The results are very satisfying, the community was very enthusiast, they able to make alum products well and able to demonstrate how to use alum products for purification of turbid water.Keywords: abdimas, alum, KOH, waste used tin cans. ABSTRAK Desa Leuwiliang Kecamatan Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor, adalah desa yang memiliki jumlah penduduk cukup padat dengan mata pencaharian yang beragam. Dari informasi pemerintah Desa Leuwiliang diketahui sebanyak 25% penduduk belum memiliki pekerjaan, sehingga tergolong sebagai masyarakat non-produktif dengan latar belakang pendidikan dan keterampilan yang sangat terbatas. Masyarakat kelompok ini tepat sebagai mitra Abdimas untuk diberikan keterampilan lanjut agar bisa mandiri. Pada abdimas ini diberikan keterampilan membuat tawas dari limbah kaleng bekas minuman. Harapan yang ada dapat mengubah menjadi masyarakat berkarya serta menjadi masyarakat yang produktif. Alih-alih dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi di desa tersebut. Abdimas kali ini dipilih dari warga RW 10 Desa Leuwiliang yang potensial baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Selain itu dipilih juga Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Saefulloh Assa’diyyah (YAPISA) yang dapat menyediakan sarana berupa tempat memproduksi tawas dari bahan baku berupa kaleng bekas. Pelaksanaan program ini dilakukan melalui pelatihan dan demontrasi keterampilan pembuatan tawas dari bahan baku kaleng bekas minuman untuk skala industri rumah tangga sampai dihasilkan produk jadi dengan kualitas tawas yang baik. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan 4 kali pada bulan Juli dan Agustus 2017. Hasil yang didapat sangat memuaskan, masyarakat sangat antusias mengikuti tahap demi tahap pelatihan dan mampu membuat produk tawas dengan baik dan mampu memperagakan bagaimana menggunakan produk tawasnya untuk menjernihkan air keruh.

Acute Toxicity of NH4Cl to Tambra Fish (Tor Tambroides) Fry Gunawan Pratama Yoga; Kristin Noni Riyanti Buraen; Sutanto Sutanto
Indonesian Journal of Limnology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Limnology
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Limnology

Ammonia is one of the nutrient wastes products which can be toxic to all vertebrates, including fish. Usually, ammonia toxicity is expressed as Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN, mgN/L). Tambra fish (Tor tambroides) is freshwater fish with important economic value in some areas in Indonesia. According to overfishing and forest degradation, the fish has become threatened. This research aimed to calculate the LC50 value of ammonia to Tambra fish (Tor tambroides) and estimate NOEC, LOEC, and MATC values of ammonia to Tambra fish (Tor tambroides). This study was conducted using the static test method with two steps. The first stage is a preliminary test, where the preliminary test is observed for 24 hours With five concentrations excluding control. Whereas in the second stage that is carried out, observation for 96 hours with four concentrations excluding control. The Probit test is Performed to obtain LC50 value results, then proceed with ammonia analysis using the Salicylate Test Kit method. The results showed that ammonia had acute toxicity with LC50-96 hour value of NH4Cl against Tambra fish fry (Tor tambroides) in the amount of 354.615 mg/L. Ammonia caused acute toxicity to Tambra fish fry (Tor tambroides).The LC50-96 hour value was 354.615 mg/L in the form of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) or it was equivalent to un-ionized Ammonia (NH3) of 9.8937 mg/L, while values of the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) and No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) of ammonia on Tambra fish (Tor tambroides) were 578.24 mg/L and 280.18 mg/L, respectively.

Potential of Cassava Peel as Cr Metal Biosorbent in Laboratory COD Waste Farhan Fatur Rachman; Yulian Syahputri; Sutanto Sutanto
Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2023): Helium: Journal of Science and Applied Chemistry
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/helium.v3i1.7932

Cassava peel is an agricultural residual waste that can be found from industrial processing in Indonesia. Cassava peel contains cellulose which can be used as a biosorbent. The aim of this study was to optimize the adsorption of cassava peel waste on chromium metal ions and then to determine the adsorption capacity and adsorption constant values of the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model. The research was divided into four stages, namely manufacture, optimization conditions, maximum capacity, and application to waste. Optimization conditions for weight ratio, optimum concentration, pH, and contact time. Determination of chromium content, standard series, and testing using the APHA method SSA ed. 23rd 3030 D 3111 B, 2017 at a wavelength of 357.78 nm. Determination of adsorption isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich models. The optimum condition results at a weight ratio of 1 gram in 10 ml of solution, a concentration of 10 ppm, pH 2, and a contact time of 180 minutes. The adsorption capacity is 0.10216 mg Cr/gram cassava peel biosorbent. Application to chrome contamination laboratory waste obtained an adsorbed concentration of 20.681 ppm. In the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal model, the R2 value is 0.9668 and 0.9985, the n value is 0.73964.

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