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ANALYSIS OF THE INDONESIAN HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM FOCUSING UPON THE ENGLISH PROGRAM Muhammad, Arifin Ahkam
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol 5, No 2 (2017): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Liter
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo

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The central theme of this paper discusses the current issues in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Indonesian contexts particularly the English curriculum of Indonesian secondary school. It will first explore the historical development of English curriculum in Indonesia including the methods or approaches that have so far been used; this section touches on current directions in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) methodology - Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) - studies that may not be readily adapted by some English teachers in Indonesia. It will then move to the discussion of the goals of Indonesian English curriculum - integrated with Character Education - which could be considered a reflection of needs analysis and its ideologies. Lastly, this paper shows some challenges that could have hindered English language learning and teaching in Indonesia particularly related to the washback of English National Examination held by the Indonesian Government each year at the end of the school term; these challenges may need to be addressed by postgraduate universities that provide a TESOL Master`s programme. It also examines other high-stake assessments that seem to have influenced the directions of the English teaching and learning processes in Indonesian contexts.

DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY OF CHARACTER EDUCATION AND HOW IT COULD BE DEFINED Arifin, Muhammad Ahkam
Ekspose: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum dan Pendidikan Vol 16, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bone

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35673/ekspose.v16i2.101

The central theme of this paper discusses the developmental history of character education (CE) and some definitions that have been referred to it. It first explores the historical development of character education that is mostly sourced in American history. Within this section, it is shown that character education seemed to decline between 1940s and 1960s, yet such other approaches to character education started emerging as `values clarification` and `moral dilemma discussion`, although they both appeared to have different underlying theories. It then moves to some definitions of character education that have been put forward by different experts in the field; within the same title, the author of current paper also provides his own definition based on the mentioned facts.

Exploring student achievement and perceptions in an online flipped grammar course Ahmad, Djuwairiah; Arifin, Muhammad Ahkam
Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol 10, No 3 (2021): Vol. 10, No. 3, January 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/ijal.v10i3.31750

Flipped learning to date has generally been implemented within a blended classroom. However, the growing number of fully online courses and the existence of Covid-19 have shown the need to try using flipped learning in a fully online class. This paper aimed to explore student achievement and perception in an online flipped grammar class. A paired-sample t-test showed a significant difference between student pre-test and post-test scores with a medium effect size after attending the online flipped course for one month. The interview and questionnaire data revealed studentsâ€™ overall positive perception toward the introduction of flipped learning within the course. Students mentioned that the flipped approach made the course more interactive and provided them opportunities to ask questions to the teacher with an immediate answer. They also expressed their positive attitude towards the use of different learning platforms (e.g., LMS, Zoom) and modes (synchronous and asynchronous) that could ease their learning experience within the course. Nevertheless, students recommended that the virtual meeting via Zoom needs to be limited in time duration.

DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY OF CHARACTER EDUCATION AND HOW IT COULD BE DEFINED Muhammad Ahkam Arifin
EKSPOSE Vol 16, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bone

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30863/ekspose.v16i2.101

The central theme of this paper discusses the developmental history of character education (CE) and some definitions that have been referred to it. It first explores the historical development of character education that is mostly sourced in American history. Within this section, it is shown that character education seemed to decline between 1940s and 1960s, yet such other approaches to character education started emerging as `values clarification` and `moral dilemma discussion`, although they both appeared to have different underlying theories. It then moves to some definitions of character education that have been put forward by different experts in the field; within the same title, the author of current paper also provides his own definition based on the mentioned facts.

DESIGNING A LESSON PLAN FOR INDONESIAN ADULT STUDENTS BY USING TBLT (TASK BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING) Muhammad Ahkam Arifin
ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning and Research Journal) Vol 4 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

This paper starts with the introduction concerning the development of the pedagogical implementation of second language acquisition (SLA) from communicative language teaching (CLT) to task based language teaching (TBLT). Within the same section, the definition of a task is also provided. It then continues to the design of the lesson plan by implementing the six-step model for TBLT as suggested by Nunan (24); the rationale for each of the step is presented. Lastly, it culminates with the evaluation over the principles applied in the design of the lesson plan.

Grammatical metaphor in academic texts of Indonesian students’ thesis Mahmudah; Hajrah; Arni Amir; Muhammad Ahkam Arifin
International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): March
Publisher : Center for Humanities and Innovation Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33750/ijhi.v1i1.8

The purpose of this research is to reveal the form and pattern of lexical shift either lexically or grammatically by (1) to describe the form of grammatical metaphor of academic text, and (2) to describe the pattern of lexical shift in academic texts. The type of this research is qualitative research using Functional Systemic Linguistic approach. The academic texts was analyzed using theory of M.A.K. Halliday. The data in this study are words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in academic texts that undergo lexical and sentence shifts. The data source in this research is thesis of Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program in the year of 2015. Data collection techniques are documentation, reading, and record technique. The results found forms of grammatical metaphor which include (1) nominalization, (2) groups of nouns, and (3) simplex phrases. The lexic shift patterns found in this study include: (1) verbs to nouns, (2) adjectives to nouns, (3) adverbs to nouns, and (4) nouns to nouns.

VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND PRACTICALITY OF THE FIRST CERTIFICATION IN ENGLISH (FCE) AND THE BUSINESS LANGUAGE TESTING SERVICE (BULATS) Arifin Ahkam Muhammad
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol 6, No 2 (2018): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Litera
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v6i2.520

This paper begins with the test specifications of the two tests – the First Certification in English (FCE) and the Business Language Testing Service (BULATS). It will then go on to the evaluation of the test usefulness: reliability, (construct) validity, backwash, and practicality (Bachman & Palmer, 1996; see Kunnan, 2004 for a slightly different perspective). This paper explores the test specifications at the outset in that a test would be evaluated (as estimated) based on the test purpose and construct that it is trying to measure (Luoma, 2004). To begin the evaluation, the test (score) reliability would be evaluated first, for a test would not be considered valid if it is not reliable (Brown, 1996; but see Moss, 1994 when a test could be valid without reliability). Throughout this paper, the term “test(ing)” will be used more or less synonymously with “assess(ment)” and “measure(ment)”, in that Bachman and Palmer point out that in the field of language testing these terms have been very broadly defined “as the process of collecting information” to make decisions (2010, p. 20). (See Bachman, 1990; Cohen & Swedlik, 2010; Douglas, 2010 for the distinctions, e.g., a test is a tool for assessment.)

The Acquisition Order of Past Tenses: An Interlanguage Analysis Muhammad Ahkam Arifin; Suryani Jihad; Sri Mulyani; Hardiani Ardin; Nurwahida Nurwahida
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol 7, No 2 (2019): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Litera
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v7i2.1030

This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that there appears a systematic order of the acquisition of past tenses. It is claimed that irregular past tense verbs are acquired earlier than regular past tense verbs. In comparison to the acquisition of irregular and regular past verbs, the acquisition of the past copula be forms `was` and `were` is believed to take place much earlier. To test this hypothesis, the data were collected from forty-six students who were asked to write an essay with a minimum of 250 words to get data of the use of past tenses. The findings reveal partial support for the hypothesis, suggesting that the universal order of morpheme acquisition may not be a stable phenomenon.

Blended Learning During Pandemic Corona Virus: Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions Widyawan Kuncoro Aji; Hardiani Ardin; Muhammad Ahkam Arifin
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol 8, No 2 (2020): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Litera
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v8i2.1696

The pandemic coronavirus is forcing educational institutions to shift rapidly to distance and online learning. It forces teachers and students to apply blended learning even though they may not be ready to teach and learn in fully online contexts. Hence, this research aims to explore teachers' and students' perceptions at Parahikma Institute of Indonesia regarding the use of blended learning as media learning during the pandemic coronavirus. This research was a qualitative design applying phenomenology. The technique of selecting participants was convenience sampling. The participants of this study consist of nine students from the third, fifth, and seventh semesters who were enrolled in the English Education Department and three lecturers who taught English at Parahikma Institute of Indonesia. This study utilized semi-structured interviews as the single data collection method. The data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis. The result of this study covered two parts, namely the teachers' and students' perceptions. In terms of teachers’ perception, the teachers reported some advantages regarding blended learning such as effective learning, autonomous learning and easy to use. However, there were challenges for the teachers in teaching through blended learning such as poor internet connection, time-consuming, and less experience. On the contrary, regarding students’ perceptions, students also reported benefits the blended learning like flexible learning, motivation, interaction, and improving their ICT skills. In addition, poor internet connection and incomprehensible materials were considered as the problem that hampers their learning.

Students’ Perceptions of Reciprocal Teaching in Reading Comprehension Class Surahmat Agus Munandar; Aminah Aminah; Muhammad Ahkam Arifin
Tamaddun Life Vol 19 No 2 (2020): December Issue 2
Publisher : Fakultas Sastra - Universitas Muslim Indonesia

This research aimed to find out the difficulties and the benefits of reciprocal teaching perceived by the students in reading comprehension class, and the strategy in reciprocal teaching that the students prefer the most. This research was qualitative research applying phenomenological approach. The participants of this study were 5 students majoring in English Education Department of Institute Parahikma Indonesia. The data was collected by using semi-structured interview and it was analyzed by using thematic analysis adapted from Given (2018). The result of this study indicated that the difficulties faced by the students are less teacher’s monitoring, students’ interest in learning reading comprehension which makes them bored, self-competence of the students in understanding the text, and the difficulty in unifying their perceptions. The benefits of it that the students perceived are that they become more creative and imaginative, and it is an encouraging method and effective. Furthermore, it can boost their enthusiasm and create collaborative engagement. However in term of the most preferred strategies in reciprocal teaching, most of the students perceived that questioning is the best.

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