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All Journal Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri Makara Journal of Technology
Mohammad Dani
Peminatan Embedded-system, Politeknik TELKOM, Bandung 40257
Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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METODE ARITMETIKA FORMULA BRAGG PADA PENGKAJIAN STRUKTUR KRISTAL BAJA SUPERALOI TIPE F1, A2 DAN A2-APS. Yunasz, Iing Farihin (Parikin); Dani, Mohammad; Sugeng, Bambang; Permatasari, Novita Dwi; Ahda, Syahfandi; Sukaryo, Sulistioso Giat
Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri Vol 12, No 3 (2018): MAJALAH ILMIAH PENGKAJIAN INDUSTRI
Publisher : BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (410.94 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/mipi.v12i3.3018

Abstract

Perekayasa material BATAN telah berhasil mensintesis serial baja superaloi tipe Austenitik (A2) dan tipe Feritik (F1). Beberapa bahan telah dilakukan treatments dengan memvariasi waktu penyinaran menggunakan arc plasma sintering (APS). Dalam studi ini dilakukan pengukuran difraksi sinar-X untuk menginvestigasi bentuk bangun struktur kristal dan parameter kisi dari baja feritik F1, baja austenitik A2 dan baja austenitik A2 yang disintering APS selama 2 detik penyinaran. Perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan formula Bragg dengan  membandingkan deret aritmetika (hitung) S2 dan jarak interplanar dhkl. Diketahui bahwa:  baja feritik F1 berstruktur body centered cubic (BCC) dengan parameter kisi a = 2,87 Å. Baja austenitik A2 berstruktur  face centered cubic (FCC) dengan parameter kisi a = 3,59 Å. Baja austenitik A2 yang disintering APS selama 2 detik berstruktur  face centered cubic (FCC) dengan parameter kisi a = 3,60 Å. Pengamatan struktur mikro permukaan bahan menggunakan Mikroskop Optik (OM) dan Mikroskop Elektron (SEM) memperlihatkan mikrografi yang menarik. Mengasumsikan kondisi proses peleburan (casting) sama, kedua tipe bahan uji memiliki struktur cor yang mirip. Baja feritik F1 menampakkan batas butir (grain boundary) yang lebih halus jika dibandingkan dengan batas butir dalam baja austenitik A2 yang cenderung terlihat lebar garis batasnya. Sedang baja austenitik A2 yang disintering APS selama 2 detik, menampakkan pola butiran yang semula memanjang berubah struktur butiran (grain)-nya menjadi agak bulat-bulat (globular). Uji SEM memetakan sebaran presipitat pada baja feritik F1 di batas butir dan di dalam butir, sedangkan pada baja autenitik A2 tersebar di batas butir saja. Spektrum EDX menunjukkan komposisi presipitat pada baja feritik F1 meliputi C, Cr, dan Fe. Sedangkan pada baja austenitik A2: C, Cr, Fe, dan Ni. Dimungkinkan, krom karbida (Cr23C6) terbentuk sebagai precipitat di batas butir, karena bahan didominanasi konten unsur Cr dan C.Kata Kunci : feritik F1, austenitik A2, XRD, aritmetika, formula Bragg, struktur mikro.
METODE ARITMETIKA FORMULA BRAGG PADA PENGKAJIAN STRUKTUR KRISTAL BAJA SUPERALOI TIPE F1, A2 DAN A2-APS. Yunasz, Iing Farihin (Parikin); Dani, Mohammad; Sugeng, Bambang; Permatasari, Novita Dwi; Ahda, Syahfandi; Sukaryo, Sulistioso Giat
Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri Vol. 12 No. 3 (2018): Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri
Publisher : Deputi TIRBR-BPPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (410.94 KB) | DOI: 10.29122/mipi.v12i3.3018

Abstract

Perekayasa material BATAN telah berhasil mensintesis serial baja superaloi tipe Austenitik (A2) dan tipe Feritik (F1). Beberapa bahan telah dilakukan treatments dengan memvariasi waktu penyinaran menggunakan arc plasma sintering (APS). Dalam studi ini dilakukan pengukuran difraksi sinar-X untuk menginvestigasi bentuk bangun struktur kristal dan parameter kisi dari baja feritik F1, baja austenitik A2 dan baja austenitik A2 yang disintering APS selama 2 detik penyinaran. Perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan formula Bragg dengan  membandingkan deret aritmetika (hitung) S2 dan jarak interplanar dhkl. Diketahui bahwa:  baja feritik F1 berstruktur body centered cubic (BCC) dengan parameter kisi a = 2,87 Å. Baja austenitik A2 berstruktur  face centered cubic (FCC) dengan parameter kisi a = 3,59 Å. Baja austenitik A2 yang disintering APS selama 2 detik berstruktur  face centered cubic (FCC) dengan parameter kisi a = 3,60 Å. Pengamatan struktur mikro permukaan bahan menggunakan Mikroskop Optik (OM) dan Mikroskop Elektron (SEM) memperlihatkan mikrografi yang menarik. Mengasumsikan kondisi proses peleburan (casting) sama, kedua tipe bahan uji memiliki struktur cor yang mirip. Baja feritik F1 menampakkan batas butir (grain boundary) yang lebih halus jika dibandingkan dengan batas butir dalam baja austenitik A2 yang cenderung terlihat lebar garis batasnya. Sedang baja austenitik A2 yang disintering APS selama 2 detik, menampakkan pola butiran yang semula memanjang berubah struktur butiran (grain)-nya menjadi agak bulat-bulat (globular). Uji SEM memetakan sebaran presipitat pada baja feritik F1 di batas butir dan di dalam butir, sedangkan pada baja autenitik A2 tersebar di batas butir saja. Spektrum EDX menunjukkan komposisi presipitat pada baja feritik F1 meliputi C, Cr, dan Fe. Sedangkan pada baja austenitik A2: C, Cr, Fe, dan Ni. Dimungkinkan, krom karbida (Cr23C6) terbentuk sebagai precipitat di batas butir, karena bahan didominanasi konten unsur Cr dan C.Kata Kunci : feritik F1, austenitik A2, XRD, aritmetika, formula Bragg, struktur mikro.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of High-Temperatur Oxidation of Fe-20Cr-5Al Alloy Prepared by Focused Ion Beam Technique Dani, Mohammad; Untoro, Pudji; Putra, Teguh Yulius Surya Panca; Parikin, Parikin; Mayer, Joachim; Dimyati, Arbi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 19, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique was applied for cross section preparation of the oxidized alloy for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study. Prior to preparation, the specimens of Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy sheet were oxidized in air at 1200 oC for 2 minutes, 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 100 hours. The microstructure and elemental composition of the samples were characterized using TEM equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) was used to determine of the light elements. The TEM investigation reveals remarkable microstructure evolution of the specimens during oxidation which generally exhibit a typical multi-layer structure. The TEM images, however, can provide detailed description about the phases occur after oxidation such as the Tungsten (W) and the Gallium (Ga) layers on top of the samples obviously formed during FIB preparation, the formation of Al2O3 and Cr2O3 layer, MgAl2O4 spinel, porosity, Zr/Hf/Mg phases or clusters inside the oxide scale. Hence, the FIB technique has been proven to be reliable preparation technique for microstructural and elemental studies of Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy using TEM.
Microstructures and Hardness of TIG Welded Experimental 57Fe15Cr25Ni Steel Parikin, Parikin; Dani, Mohammad; Rivai, Abu Khalid; Ismoyo, Agus Hadi; Iskandar, Riza; Dimyati, Arbi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The microstructures and hardness of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded experimental 57Fe15Cr25Ni steel were investigated through optical–scanning electron microscopy analyses and with a hardness tester, respectively. The welding process restructured the constituent atoms into regular and irregular crystal lattices. Rapid cooling of the weld metal allowed the formation of a dendritic (columnar) structure, with porous grains. By contrast, slow cooling influenced HAZ and led to the formation of grain structures. The crystal lattice became more organized and larger than other zones. Meanwhile, the base metal formed circular nets that covered large area inside thick and thin grain boundaries. The diffraction patterns revealed texturing in the weld metal. The crystallite orientation changed from (111) to (200) and (220) planes. The weld metal profile broadened (amorphous) and had full width at half maximum (fwhm) value larger than those in HAZ and the base metal. The weld metal possessed hardness of 121 HV, which is slightly lower than the hardness of the base metal (130 HV). HAZ exhibited the highest hardness value (152 HV). Hardening was influenced by carbon and outer oxygen migration to the grain boundaries, which formed colonies, i.e., chromium carbide, aluminum carbide, aluminum oxide, silicone oxide, and silicon carbide (precipitation hardening). Welding (heat) may change the microstructure and hardness of HAZ and the weld metal region, which would be brittle and very critical in responding to applied loads.
Comprehensive Inspection on the Experimental Ferritic Stainless Steel by Means of Transmission Electron Microscopy and Neutron Diffraction Techniques Parikin, Parikin; Dani, Mohammad; Iskandar, Riza; Jahja, Aziz Khan; Insani, Andon; Mayer, Joachim
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 23, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The field of physical metallurgy is one of the primary beacons that guide alloy developments for multipurpose materials such as the in-core structure materials for pressure vessel components and heat exchangers. The surface microstructure of new ferritic steel with significant local constituent materials was characterized by high resolution powder neutron diffractometer (HRPD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), combined with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The alloy contains73% Fe, 24% Cr, 2% Si, 0.8% Mn, and 0.1% Ni, in %wt. The charge materials were melted by the casting techniques. The neutron diffractograms obtained shows five dominant diffraction peaks at (110), (200), (211), and (220) reflection planes, which is a typical structure for a body centered tetragonal system. The pattern also included some unidentified peaks which were verified to be Al2O3.54SiO2, Cr23C6, and SiC crystals. A piece of alloy which taken from the middle of the ferritic ingots was also characterized by the HRPD; no unidentified peaks were observed. Results from the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with EDX analyses confirmed the neutron identified phase distributions. Also, oxides and carbides were observed to form mainly close to the surface of the steel. Cracks and pores which probably formed during the preparations were also identified close to the surface. Although the ferritic steel was successfully synthesized and characterized, some unidentified phases and defects could still be found in the produced ingots.
Effects of Plasma Sintering on the Post TIG Weld Joint of Fe-15Cr-25Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel Parikin, Parikin; Dani, Mohammad; Dimyati, Arbi; Insani, Andon; Deswita, Deswita; Aziz, Ferhat; Mardiyanto, Mardiyanto; Mustofa, Salim; Purwanto, Setyo; Adhika, Damar Rastri; Syahbuddin, Syahbuddin; Huang, Ching An
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 26, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Arc-plasma sintering (APS) for 5 s has been applied to the post tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld joint of Fe–15Cr–25Ni austenitic stainless steel (ASS). The treatment is intended to observe the effect of heat generated by plasma on micro-crystal structures around the fusion zone (FZ), especially internal stress relief in steel after being subjected to welding. The effect of stress relief in weld was measured using the neutron diffraction technique. ASS that is predominantly composed of Fe, Cr, and Ni elements, with contents of 57%, 15%, and 25%wt. respectively, was cut into two parts. Both parts were then welded with TIG without filler with a current and voltage of 60 A and 50 V, respectively. After APS for 5 s, the sample was characterized and analyzed using high-resolution powder neutron diffractometer at a high-temperature laboratory facility. The results show that the tensile residual stress decreased with the APS heat input. The residual stresses significantly decreased from 82.40 MPa to 1.21 MPa in the FZ and continued almost evenly from 65.92 MPa to 1.24 MPa in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The residual stress is a tensile stress that can reduce the mechanical strength of materials. This condition is also applicable to applied loads. A microstructure gives a confirmation that the C element migrates from the FZ to HAZ. The content was very high in dark traces. The C element reacts to Cr and O to form chromium carbide (Cr23C6) and chromium carbonyl (CrC6O6), respectively. It rapidly migrates among its grain boundaries. It may also weaken materials and probably initiate intergranular cracks.
Co-Authors Abu Khalid Rivai Adhika, Damar Rastri Agus Hadi Ismoyo Andon Insani Arbi Dimyati Bambang Sugeng Deswita Deswita Ferhat Aziz Huang, Ching An Jahja, Aziz Khan Joachim Mayer, Joachim Mardiyanto Mardiyanto Parikin Parikin Permatasari, Novita Dwi Permatasari, Novita Dwi Pudji Untoro Putra, Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Riza Iskandar Salim Mustofa Setyo Purwanto Sulistioso Giat Sukaryo, Sulistioso Giat Syahbuddin Syahbuddin Syahfandi Ahda Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Putra, Teguh Yulius Surya Yunasz, Iing Farihin (Parikin) Yunasz, Iing Farihin (Parikin)