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All Journal Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri Metalurgi Makara Journal of Technology

Parikin Parikin

Center of Science and Technology for Advanced Materials, National Atomic Energy Agency/BATAN, Puspiptek Serpong, Banten 15314, Indonesia

Author-ID : 340422

Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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IDENTIFIKASI BAHAN KELONGSONG PADUAN ZrNbMoGe HASIL UJI HIDRIDASI 400C - 1 JAM MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK DIFRAKSI = IDENTIFICATION ON ZrNbMoGe ALLOY OF 400C-1 HOUR HYDRIDATION TEST FOR CLADDING MATERIALS BY USING DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE Parikin, Parikin; Bandriyana, Bandriyana; Ismoyo, A.H.
Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri Vol 10, No 1 (2016): Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri
Publisher : BPPT

Abstract Synthesis of a new niobium containing zirconium alloy of ZrNbMoGe has been developed in PSTBM-BATAN. In PWR/PHWR reactor, this materials face with liquid coolant i.e. H2O demin that may trig a reaction between hydrogen and containing zirconium. Hydridation tests in argon atmospheer were recently carried out looking for hydrogen effect in material. Hydrogenisation must be avoided due to causing brittle of the material via blistering of Zr-H compound system. Sample with 2%Nb, 0.5%Mo, 0.5%Ge and Zr in balance content has been hydridized by flowing H2 at temperature of 400 oC for an hour. Effects of the test by time-high temperatur dependence on the zirconium content were investigated by X-ray diffractometer. The observed peak at 220.95 was mathematically interpolated by orde-2 polynomial regression. Identifying peak was performed by X-ray diffraction technique and then it conformed ’search and match’ by JCPDS tracing. Results show that new phase in 400oC-1 hour hydridation sample was close to crystal structure of –ZrH2. The crystallographic data emphasize that new phase with lattice parameter of a= b= 3.52 Å and c= 4.45 Å (tetragonal) is (201) plane or 221.60. Also, the JCPDS traces another new orthorhombic phase of Nb3H3O9 at angle of 220.91 with lattice parameter of a= 9.183 Å, b= 22.47 Å and c=4.24 Å conforming to (220) plane. Hypothesized, this is an anti-hydride layer (passivity) that can overcome hydridation process of cladding materials in thereactor. AbstrakSintesis paduan zirkonium yang mengandung unsur Nb (ZrNbMoGe) telah dilakukan di PSTBM-BATAN. Dalam reaktor PWR/PHWR, bahan ini bersentuhan langsung dengan cairan pendingin, yakni: H2O demin yang bisa memicu reaksi antara Hidrogen dan kandungan zirkonium yang reaktif dalam paduan. Uji hidridasi dalam aliran gas H2 beratmosfir gas argon dilaksanakan untuk memprediksi kelakuan paduan ZrNbMoGe pada temperatur tinggi. Peristiwa hidridasi Zr-H sangat dihindari karena peristiwa blistering yang mampu merapuhkan bahan. Sampel paduan dengan kandungan 2%Nb, 0,5%Mo, 0,5%Ge and Zr dalam kesetimbangan telah diuji hidridasi dalam aliran gas H2 pada temperatur 400C selama 1 jam. Pengukuran pola difraksi menggunakan difraktometer sinar-X dengan target Cu. Puncak baru muncul pada sudut 220,95. Interpolasi matematis dilakukan via regresi polinomial orde-2. Identifikasi dan pencocokan profil menggunakan telusuran JCPDS “search and match”. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa fasa hidridasi (400C-1 jam) sangat dekat dengan struktur kristal –ZrH2. Kristalografi fasa tersebut memiliki parameter kisi a= b= 3,52 Å dan c= 4,45 Å (struktur tetragonal) dengan refleksi pertama bidang (201) pada sudut 221,60. JCPDS juga menampilkan fasa lain berstruktur ortorombik pada sudut 220,91 dengan parameter kisi a= 9,183 Å, b= 22,47 Å and c= 4,24 Å dengan bidang refleksi (220). Fasa ini diduga merupakan lapisan anti-hidrid (passivatif) yang mampu menghalangi penggetasan bahan kelongsong akibat proses hidridisasi dalam reaktor.

PENGUKURAN PENGARUH TEKANAN PERAH PADA TEGANGAN SISA PADUAN AlSi SQUEEZE CASTING DENGAN TEKNIK DIFRAKSI SINAR-X[Measurements of Pressure Die Effects on The Residual Stresses of Squeeze Casting AlSi Alloys using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques] Parikin, Parikin; Suminta, S
Metalurgi Vol 27, No 3 (2012): Metalurgi Vol.27 No.3 Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material - LIPI

PENGUKURAN PENGARUH TEKANAN PERAH PADA TEGANGAN SISA PADUAN AlSi SQUEEZECASTING DENGAN TEKNIK DIFRAKSI SINAR-X.Telah dilakukan pengukuran tegangan sisa bahanpaduan AlSi hasil pengecoran cara perah (squeeze). Tegangan sisa yang diukur dalam daerah intergranulardisekitar batas butiran dengan metode difraksi sinar-X. Tailoring teknik difraksi-metode Rietveld mampumendapatkan parameter regangan kisi rata-rata dan full width half maximum (FWHM) setiap fasa dalam paduan.Grafik memperlihatkan bahwa fasa aluminium mengalami tegangan compressive-tensile sedang fasa silikonmengalami total tegangan compressive. Dominasi komposisi unsur aluminium mengakibatkan pola distribusitegangan sisa dalam paduan AlSi mengikuti pola tegangan sisa dalam fasa aluminium, meskipun peregangan kisididominasi fasa silikon yang mengalami regangan negatif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan, kurva tegangan sisadalam bahan paduan AlSi berfluktuasi antara -800 GPa hingga 400 GPa. AbstractThe measurements of residual stresses on squeeze casting AlSi alloys has been carried out. The residualstresses were measured in the inter-granular areas around the grain boundaries of the phases by using X-raydiffraction techniques. The tailoring of diffraction method and Rietveld analysis could be applied to calculatethe average lattice strains of the phases and the profile parameters (FWHM) in the specimens. The graphshows that the aluminium phase was in compressive-tensile stresses while the silicon phase was in totallycompressive stresses. The domination of aluminium composition in the specimens tends to affect the residualstress behaviour of the squeeze casting AlSi alloys. The stress distribution of the alloys follows the profile ofstress curve of aluminium phase, even-though the strains were dominated by silicon phase in negative strains.The result shows that the hydrostatic residual stresses curve of squeeze casting AlSi alloys fluctuates betweenapproxiamately -800GPa and 400 GPa.

IDENTIFIKASI BAHAN KELONGSONG PADUAN ZRNBMOGE HASIL UJI HIDRIDASI 400ï‚°C - 1 JAM MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK DIFRAKSI = IDENTIFICATION ON ZRNBMOGE ALLOY OF 400ï‚°C-1 HOUR HYDRIDATION TEST FOR CLADDING MATERIALS BY USING DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE Parikin, Parikin; Bandriyana, Bandriyana; Ismoyo, A.H.
Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri Vol 10, No 1 (2016): Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri
Publisher : BPPT

Abstract Synthesis of a new niobium containing zirconium alloy of ZrNbMoGe has been developed in PSTBM-BATAN. In PWR/PHWR reactor, this materials face with liquid coolant i.e. H2O demin that may trig a reaction between hydrogen and containing zirconium. Hydridation tests in argon atmospheer were recently carried out looking for hydrogen effect in material. Hydrogenisation must be avoided due to causing brittle of the material via blistering of Zr-H compound system. Sample with 2%Nb, 0.5%Mo, 0.5%Ge and Zr in balance content has been hydridized by flowing H2 at temperature of 400 oC for an hour. Effects of the test by time-high temperatur dependence on the zirconium content were investigated by X-ray diffractometer. The observed peak at 2??20.95? was mathematically interpolated by orde-2 polynomial regression. Identifying peak was performed by X-ray diffraction technique and then it conformed ?search and match? by JCPDS tracing. Results show that new phase in 400oC-1 hour hydridation sample was close to crystal structure of ??ZrH2. The crystallographic data emphasize that new phase with lattice parameter of a= b= 3.52 Å and c= 4.45 Å (tetragonal) is (201) plane or 2??21.60?. Also, the JCPDS traces another new orthorhombic phase of Nb3H3O9 at angle of 2??20.91? with lattice parameter of a= 9.183 Å, b= 22.47 Å and c=4.24 Å conforming to (220) plane. Hypothesized, this is an anti-hydride layer (passivity) that can overcome hydridation process of cladding materials in thereactor. AbstrakSintesis paduan zirkonium yang mengandung unsur Nb (ZrNbMoGe) telah dilakukan di PSTBM-BATAN. Dalam reaktor PWR/PHWR, bahan ini bersentuhan langsung dengan cairan pendingin, yakni: H2O demin yang bisa memicu reaksi antara Hidrogen dan kandungan zirkonium yang reaktif dalam paduan. Uji hidridasi dalam aliran gas H2 beratmosfir gas argon dilaksanakan untuk memprediksi kelakuan paduan ZrNbMoGe pada temperatur tinggi. Peristiwa hidridasi Zr-H sangat dihindari karena peristiwa blistering yang mampu merapuhkan bahan. Sampel paduan dengan kandungan 2%Nb, 0,5%Mo, 0,5%Ge and Zr dalam kesetimbangan telah diuji hidridasi dalam aliran gas H2 pada temperatur 400?C selama 1 jam. Pengukuran pola difraksi menggunakan difraktometer sinar-X dengan target Cu. Puncak baru muncul pada sudut 2??20,95?. Interpolasi matematis dilakukan via regresi polinomial orde-2. Identifikasi dan pencocokan profil menggunakan telusuran JCPDS ?search and match?. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa fasa hidridasi (400?C-1 jam) sangat dekat dengan struktur kristal ??ZrH2. Kristalografi fasa tersebut memiliki parameter kisi a= b= 3,52 Å dan c= 4,45 Å (struktur tetragonal) dengan refleksi pertama bidang (201) pada sudut 2??21,60?. JCPDS juga menampilkan fasa lain berstruktur ortorombik pada sudut 2??20,91? dengan parameter kisi a= 9,183 Å, b= 22,47 Å and c= 4,24 Å dengan bidang refleksi (220). Fasa ini diduga merupakan lapisan anti-hidrid (passivatif) yang mampu menghalangi penggetasan bahan kelongsong akibat proses hidridisasi dalam reaktor.

Effect of Arc Plasma Sintering on the Structural and Microstructural Properties of Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steels Parikin, Parikin; Dani, M.; Dimyati, A.; Purnamasari, N. D.; Sugeng, B.; Panitra, M.; Insani, A.; Priyanto, T. H.; Mustofa, S.; Syahbuddin, Syahbuddin; Huang, A.
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 25, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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X-ray diffraction techniques were performed to determine the actual crystal structure of A2 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) as-cast and A2 ASS after arc plasma sintering (APS) for 2 s. Computations were conducted on the basis of the Bragg arithmetic formula by comparing the S2 arithmetic with the interplanar spacing. The Bragg arithmetic formula is a simple series for the determination of the crystalline phase of materials based on the Miller indices of cubic shapes or other shapes. A2 ASS as-cast was identified to have a crystal structure of face-centered cubic with lattice parameter a = 3.58 Å. A similar crystal structure can still be detected in A2 ASS after APS for 2 s with lattice parameter a = 3.60 Å. This finding was confirmed by neutron diffraction measurements and optical–electron microscopy observations. Under the same conditions, both A2 ASS as-cast and A2 ASS after APS for 2 s have similar cast structures. The grain boundary formed in A2 ASS as-cast is thinner than that in A2 ASS after APS for 2 s, which is visible in its boundaries. Moreover, the grain structure of A2 ASS after APS for 2 s, which was originally elongated particles, became globular particles. Similarly, granular precipitates became concentrated and encompassed the steel matrix along the grain boundaries. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that particles and islands in steel are distributed in the grains and at the grain boundaries, respectively. Precipitates are composed of C, Cr, Fe, and Ni. The elemental contents of Cr and C are dominant; thus, Cr23C6 precipitate is formed at the grain boundaries.

Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of High-Temperatur Oxidation of Fe-20Cr-5Al Alloy Prepared by Focused Ion Beam Technique Dani, Mohammad; Untoro, Pudji; Putra, Teguh Yulius Surya Panca; Parikin, Parikin; Mayer, Joachim; Dimyati, Arbi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 19, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique was applied for cross section preparation of the oxidized alloy for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study. Prior to preparation, the specimens of Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy sheet were oxidized in air at 1200 oC for 2 minutes, 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 100 hours. The microstructure and elemental composition of the samples were characterized using TEM equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) was used to determine of the light elements. The TEM investigation reveals remarkable microstructure evolution of the specimens during oxidation which generally exhibit a typical multi-layer structure. The TEM images, however, can provide detailed description about the phases occur after oxidation such as the Tungsten (W) and the Gallium (Ga) layers on top of the samples obviously formed during FIB preparation, the formation of Al2O3 and Cr2O3 layer, MgAl2O4 spinel, porosity, Zr/Hf/Mg phases or clusters inside the oxide scale. Hence, the FIB technique has been proven to be reliable preparation technique for microstructural and elemental studies of Fe-20Cr-5Al alloy using TEM.

Independency of Elasticity on Residual Stress of Room Temperature Rolled Stainless Steel 304 Plates for Structure Materials Parikin, Parikin; Allen, David
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 19, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Mechanical strengths of materials are widely expected in general constructions of any building. These properties depend on its formation (cold/hot forming) during fabrication. This research was carried out on cold-rolled stainless steel (SS) 304 plates, which were deformed to 0, 34, 84, and 152% reduction in thickness. The tests were conducted using Vickers method. Ultra micro indentation system (UMIS) 2000 was used to determine the mechanical properties of the material, i.e.: hardness, modulus elasticity, and residual stresses. The microstructures showed lengthening outcropping due to stress corrosion cracking for all specimens. It was found that the tensile residual stress in a specimen was maximum, reaching 442 MPa, for a sample reducing 34% in thickness and minimum; and about 10 MPa for a 196% sample. The quantities showed that the biggest residual stress caused lowering of the proportional limit of material in stress-strain curves. The proportional modulus elasticity varied between 187 GPa and of about 215 GPa and was free from residual stresses.

Texture Analysis using The Neutron Diffraction Method on The Non Standardized Austenitic Steel Process by Machining,Annealing, and Rolling Priyanto, Tri Hardi; Parikin, Parikin; Li, Meijuan
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 20, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Austenitic steel is one type of stainless steel which is widely used in the industry. Many studies on austenitic stainless steel have been performed to determine the physical properties using various types of equipment and methods. In this study, the neutron diffraction method is used to characterize the materials which have been made from minerals extracted from the mines in Indonesia. The materials consist of a granular ferro-scrap, nickel, ferro-chrome, ferro-manganese, and ferro-silicon added with a little titanium. Characterization of the materials was carried out in three processes, namely: machining, annealing, and rolling. Experimental results obtained from the machining process generally produces a texture in the 〈100〉 direction. From the machining to annealing process, the texture index decreases from 3.0164 to 2.434. Texture strength in the machining process (BA2N sample) is 8.13 mrd and it then decreases to 6.99 in the annealing process (A2DO sample). In the annealing process the three-component texture appears, cube-on-edge type texture {110}〈001〉, cube-type texture {001}〈100〉, and brass-type {110}〈112〉. The texture is very strong leading to the direction of orientation {100}〈001〉, while the {011}〈100〉 is weaker than that of the {001}, and texture with orientation {110}〈112〉 is weak. In the annealing process stress release occurred, and this was shown by more randomly pole compared to stress release by the machining process. In the rolling process a brass-type texture{110}〈112〉 with a spread towards the goss-type texture {110}〈001〉 appeared, and the brass component is markedly reinforced compared to the undeformed state (before rolling). Moreover, the presence of an additional {110} component was observed at the center of the (110) pole figure. The pole density of three components increases with the increasing degree of thickness reduction. By increasing degrees of rolling from 81% to 87%, the value of orientation distribution function increases by a factor about three times.

Residual Stress Measurements on the TIG Weld Joint of 57Fe15Cr25Ni Austenitic Steel for Structural Material Applications by Means X-Ray Diffraction Techniques Parikin, Parikin; Ismoyo, Agus Hadi; Iskandar, Riza; Dimyati, Arbi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 21, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Measurements of residual stress on the 57Fe25Cr15Ni steel plate with no-filler TIG-welding process were carried out. This work was conducted to determine the nature of weld ability in synthesized steel. The bulks were formed in a dimension of 30x20x7 mm3 to ease data retrieval. Results show that the largest residual stress occurred in the weld metal area, amounting to 82.40 MPa with lattice stretching of 0.18%. Conversely, the values decreased to 65.92 MPa and a stretch of 0.14% in the HAZ area. This residual stress is a tensile stress that can reduce the mechanical strength of the material since it adds to the applied loads. This was confirmed by microstructure observations. The carbon content was very high in the dark lines. Weaken materials usually start from this side and could initiate the intergranular cracks that rapidly migrate among its grain boundaries.

Microstructures and Hardness of TIG Welded Experimental 57Fe15Cr25Ni Steel Parikin, Parikin; Dani, Mohammad; Rivai, Abu Khalid; Ismoyo, Agus Hadi; Iskandar, Riza; Dimyati, Arbi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The microstructures and hardness of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded experimental 57Fe15Cr25Ni steel were investigated through optical–scanning electron microscopy analyses and with a hardness tester, respectively. The welding process restructured the constituent atoms into regular and irregular crystal lattices. Rapid cooling of the weld metal allowed the formation of a dendritic (columnar) structure, with porous grains. By contrast, slow cooling influenced HAZ and led to the formation of grain structures. The crystal lattice became more organized and larger than other zones. Meanwhile, the base metal formed circular nets that covered large area inside thick and thin grain boundaries. The diffraction patterns revealed texturing in the weld metal. The crystallite orientation changed from (111) to (200) and (220) planes. The weld metal profile broadened (amorphous) and had full width at half maximum (fwhm) value larger than those in HAZ and the base metal. The weld metal possessed hardness of 121 HV, which is slightly lower than the hardness of the base metal (130 HV). HAZ exhibited the highest hardness value (152 HV). Hardening was influenced by carbon and outer oxygen migration to the grain boundaries, which formed colonies, i.e., chromium carbide, aluminum carbide, aluminum oxide, silicone oxide, and silicon carbide (precipitation hardening). Welding (heat) may change the microstructure and hardness of HAZ and the weld metal region, which would be brittle and very critical in responding to applied loads.

Comprehensive Inspection on the Experimental Ferritic Stainless Steel by Means of Transmission Electron Microscopy and Neutron Diffraction Techniques Parikin, Parikin; Dani, Mohammad; Iskandar, Riza; Jahja, Aziz Khan; Insani, Andon; Mayer, Joachim
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 23, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The field of physical metallurgy is one of the primary beacons that guide alloy developments for multipurpose materials such as the in-core structure materials for pressure vessel components and heat exchangers. The surface microstructure of new ferritic steel with significant local constituent materials was characterized by high resolution powder neutron diffractometer (HRPD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), combined with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The alloy contains73% Fe, 24% Cr, 2% Si, 0.8% Mn, and 0.1% Ni, in %wt. The charge materials were melted by the casting techniques. The neutron diffractograms obtained shows five dominant diffraction peaks at (110), (200), (211), and (220) reflection planes, which is a typical structure for a body centered tetragonal system. The pattern also included some unidentified peaks which were verified to be Al2O3.54SiO2, Cr23C6, and SiC crystals. A piece of alloy which taken from the middle of the ferritic ingots was also characterized by the HRPD; no unidentified peaks were observed. Results from the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with EDX analyses confirmed the neutron identified phase distributions. Also, oxides and carbides were observed to form mainly close to the surface of the steel. Cracks and pores which probably formed during the preparations were also identified close to the surface. Although the ferritic steel was successfully synthesized and characterized, some unidentified phases and defects could still be found in the produced ingots.

Co-Authors A. Dimyati, A. A. Insani A.H. Ismoyo Abu Khalid Rivai Adhika, Damar Rastri Agus Hadi Ismoyo Andon Insani Arbi Dimyati Bandriyana Bandriyana David Allen, David Deswita Deswita Ferhat Aziz Huang, A. Huang, Ching An Jahja, Aziz Khan Joachim Mayer, Joachim M. Dani Mardiyanto Mardiyanto Meijuan Li, Meijuan Mohammad Dani Mustofa, S. Panitra, M. Priyanto, T. H. Pudji Untoro Purnamasari, N. D. Putra, Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Riza Iskandar Salim Mustofa Setyo Purwanto Sugeng, B. Suminta, S Syahbuddin Syahbuddin Teguh Yulius Surya Panca Putra, Teguh Yulius Surya Tri Hardi Priyanto

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