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Dimensional Stability and Characteristics of Modified Young Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Wood with PEG-1000 Tomy Listyanto; Muhammad Navis Rofii; Keisuke Ando; Nobuaki Hattori
Wood Research Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2015): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2015.6.1.14-20

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wood modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-1000 at five concentrations to improve dimensional stability, drying, machining and finishing characteristics of young teak wood. A total of 12 samples for each treatment was prepared to measure an Anti Shrink Efficiency (ASE), as a parameter of dimensional stability and its drying characteristics. Six samples for each treatment were prepared to evaluate machining and finishing characteristics. PEG-1000 with five concentration levels of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% were impregnated to modify the samples, except control. Afterward, all samples were kiln dried to gain 12% moisture content. ASE was determined by comparing shrinkage percentage of treated sample with those of untreated one. Warping and surface checks were measured as drying characteristics and machining test was conducted in accordance to ASTM D1666-2004. After coating with a nitrocellulose system, surface quality were evaluated by conducting cross-cut test (ASTM D3359), coin test, delamination test (SNI 01-5008.2-1999b) and glossyness test (SNI-06-6052-1999a). Result shows that dimensional stability of impregnated samples with concentration of 30~60% was successfully improved, with ASE of 52~62%. All treated samples demonstrated good drying characteristics and defect-free areas which were more than 90% under machining test. Surface evaluation by delamination test, glossyness test, and coin test indicated that all impregnated samples were well coated by a nitrocellulose system. However, only impregnated samples in concentration of 20% and 30% showed a good result in cross-cut test. Impregnation with PEG-1000 in concentration of 30% is recommended to modify young teak wood.

Effects of Shelling Ratio and Particle Characteristic on Physical Properties of Three-Layered Particleboard Made from Different Wood Species Muhammad Navis Rofii; Satomi Yumigeta; Shigehiko Suzuki; Tibertius Agus Prayitno
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.1.25-30

Wood waste materials such as flakes, particles, sawdust, planer shaving, which are residues from furniture industry can be utilized to manufacture many composites such as particleboard. The most commonly used particleboard has three layers: two face layers and one core layer. The face layers consist of fine particles and the core layer is made of coarse particles.This study aimed to show the effect of shelling ratio and particle characteristic on physical properties of three-layer particleboard with high density core and different particles on surface layers. The materials used in this study were hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) strand and knife-milled Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga manziesii) as surface layers and hammer-milled matoa (Pometia sp.) as core layer. The wood particles were collected from a wood company. Adhesive used was MDI resin (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) with 6 % content in mat preparation. The pressing conditions were: temperature 180°C, pressure 3 MPa and pressing time 5 min. The target density was 0.72 g/cm3 with board size of 340 mm x 320 mm x 10 mm. Factors used in this study were layer structure according to board shelling ratio and particle characteristic. The parameters of this study were density, moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption, linear expansion and vertical density profile.The results of this study indicate that all boards meet the requirements of JIS A 5908-2003. Higher shelling ratio of surface layers resulted in higher physical performance of three-layer particleboard. In terms of particle type, hinoki strands showed the best performance in board density and linear expansion, while Douglas-fir particle showed the best performance in moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption. Improvement of physical properties of particleboard with high density wood particles in core layer can be conducted by adding surface layer with higher quality wood particles such as hinoki strands or Douglas-fir particles. Compared to Douglas-fir particles, hinoki strands as surface layers contribute to higher enhancement of three-layer particleboard with matoa as the core layer.

Effects of Wood Modification Using Natural Resin on Wood Quality and Bonding Properties Muhammad Navis Rofii; Ragil Widyorini; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2019): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2019.10.2.48-52

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gum rosin impregnation upon a low quality young teak wood in order to enhance its quality. The main objective of the treatment was to enhance the dimensional stability, as well as strength and to reduce the hygroscopicity. A 15-years old thinned teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.) and gum rosin from Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vries were used for wood modification treatment by impregnation. Three kinds of non-polar solvents, i.e. turpentine oil, petroleum oil and n-hexane-, were used to make gum rosin solution. The results indicated that gum rosin impregnation did not markedly enhance the quality of young teak wood in terms of either dimensional stability or hygroscopicity; however, a little enhancement was delivered by using 15% gum rosin solution with n-hexane as the solvent. The treatment with petroleum oil solvent (at concentration of 7.5%) and at 15% concentration with n-hexane solvent resulted in highest bending properties. The highest bonding strength in dry condition was resulted by treatment with turpentine oil solvent.

Dimensional Stability and Characteristics of Modified Young Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Wood with PEG-1000 Tomy Listyanto; Muhammad Navis Rofii; Keisuke Ando; Nobuaki Hattori
Wood Research Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2015): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2015.6.1.14-20

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wood modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-1000 at five concentrations to improve dimensional stability, drying, machining and finishing characteristics of young teak wood. A total of 12 samples for each treatment was prepared to measure an Anti Shrink Efficiency (ASE), as a parameter of dimensional stability and its drying characteristics. Six samples for each treatment were prepared to evaluate machining and finishing characteristics. PEG-1000 with five concentration levels of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% were impregnated to modify the samples, except control. Afterward, all samples were kiln dried to gain 12% moisture content. ASE was determined by comparing shrinkage percentage of treated sample with those of untreated one. Warping and surface checks were measured as drying characteristics and machining test was conducted in accordance to ASTM D1666-2004. After coating with a nitrocellulose system, surface quality were evaluated by conducting cross-cut test (ASTM D3359), coin test, delamination test (SNI 01-5008.2-1999b) and glossyness test (SNI-06-6052-1999a). Result shows that dimensional stability of impregnated samples with concentration of 30~60% was successfully improved, with ASE of 52~62%. All treated samples demonstrated good drying characteristics and defect-free areas which were more than 90% under machining test. Surface evaluation by delamination test, glossyness test, and coin test indicated that all impregnated samples were well coated by a nitrocellulose system. However, only impregnated samples in concentration of 20% and 30% showed a good result in cross-cut test. Impregnation with PEG-1000 in concentration of 30% is recommended to modify young teak wood.

Effects of Shelling Ratio and Particle Characteristic on Physical Properties of Three-Layered Particleboard Made from Different Wood Species Muhammad Navis Rofii; Satomi Yumigeta; Shigehiko Suzuki; Tibertius Agus Prayitno
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.1.25-30

Wood waste materials such as flakes, particles, sawdust, planer shaving, which are residues from furniture industry can be utilized to manufacture many composites such as particleboard. The most commonly used particleboard has three layers: two face layers and one core layer. The face layers consist of fine particles and the core layer is made of coarse particles.This study aimed to show the effect of shelling ratio and particle characteristic on physical properties of three-layer particleboard with high density core and different particles on surface layers. The materials used in this study were hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) strand and knife-milled Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga manziesii) as surface layers and hammer-milled matoa (Pometia sp.) as core layer. The wood particles were collected from a wood company. Adhesive used was MDI resin (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) with 6 % content in mat preparation. The pressing conditions were: temperature 180°C, pressure 3 MPa and pressing time 5 min. The target density was 0.72 g/cm3 with board size of 340 mm x 320 mm x 10 mm. Factors used in this study were layer structure according to board shelling ratio and particle characteristic. The parameters of this study were density, moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption, linear expansion and vertical density profile.The results of this study indicate that all boards meet the requirements of JIS A 5908-2003. Higher shelling ratio of surface layers resulted in higher physical performance of three-layer particleboard. In terms of particle type, hinoki strands showed the best performance in board density and linear expansion, while Douglas-fir particle showed the best performance in moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption. Improvement of physical properties of particleboard with high density wood particles in core layer can be conducted by adding surface layer with higher quality wood particles such as hinoki strands or Douglas-fir particles. Compared to Douglas-fir particles, hinoki strands as surface layers contribute to higher enhancement of three-layer particleboard with matoa as the core layer.

Effects of Wood Modification Using Natural Resin on Wood Quality and Bonding Properties Muhammad Navis Rofii; Ragil Widyorini; Ganis Lukmandaru
Wood Research Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2019): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2019.10.2.48-52

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gum rosin impregnation upon a low quality young teak wood in order to enhance its quality. The main objective of the treatment was to enhance the dimensional stability, as well as strength and to reduce the hygroscopicity. A 15-years old thinned teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.) and gum rosin from Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vries were used for wood modification treatment by impregnation. Three kinds of non-polar solvents, i.e. turpentine oil, petroleum oil and n-hexane-, were used to make gum rosin solution. The results indicated that gum rosin impregnation did not markedly enhance the quality of young teak wood in terms of either dimensional stability or hygroscopicity; however, a little enhancement was delivered by using 15% gum rosin solution with n-hexane as the solvent. The treatment with petroleum oil solvent (at concentration of 7.5%) and at 15% concentration with n-hexane solvent resulted in highest bending properties. The highest bonding strength in dry condition was resulted by treatment with turpentine oil solvent.

Sifat Papan Laminasi Kayu Randu (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) dengan Variasi Pola Gergajian Lamina dan Arah Lapisan Muhammad Navis Rofii; Prasetyo Prasetyo; Tomy Listyanto; Annisa Primaningtyas; Yustinus Suranto; T.A. Prayitno; Ragil Widyorini
Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Maret
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Kapok wood (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) is a low-density wood species that can become a light construction material in the form of laminated timber products. This study aimed to understand the properties of laminated timber from kapok wood at different sawing patterns of laminae and core layer orientation. This study used kapok wood produced from community forests and PVAc (Polyvinyl Acetate) resin as the binder to produce laminated timber. The laminated boards were manufactured from dried laminas, measuring 100 x 9.5 x 1.7 cm, and were glued together with the resin before being pressed and clamped with the pressure of 1 MPa for 12 hours. The dimension of the final laminated board was 100 x 38 x 5 cm. Before being cut for the physical and mechanical properties tests, the laminated boards were conditioned at room temperature for a week. The results indicated that sawing patterns had insignificant effects on moisture content, density, static bending properties, and bonding strength of laminated boards. The core layer orientation had a significant effect on the density and the modulus of rupture. Generally, laminated board from kapok wood with the parallel grain direction of the core layer resulted in higher static bending properties and...

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