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Peningkatan Kuat Tarik Bioplastik dengan Filler Microfibrillated Cellulose dari Batang Sorgum Yuli Darni; Lia Lismeri; Muhammad Hanif; Sarkowi Sarkowi; Dita Synthauli Evaniya
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2019.18.2.1

Abstract

Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh rasio pati terhadap kitosan (dalam basis berat) dan konsentrasi microfibrillated cellulose sebagai filler dalam pembuatan bioplastik menggunakan pati sorgum, kitosan dan gliserol. Dalam penelitian ini, rasio pati terhadap kitosan yang divariasikan adalah 10:0, 9,5:0,5, 8,5:1,5, 7,5:2,5, 6,5:3,5, 5,5:4,5 (gr/gr). Microfibrillated cellulose sebagai filler disintesis dari batang sorgum dengan metode semimekanis. Perlakuan kimia diawali dengan delignifikasi batang sorgum dengan KOH 4% pada temperatur 80oC selama 1 jam untuk menghilangkan lignin. Setelah itu dicuci dan dipucatkan (bleaching) sebanyak dua kali menggunakan H2O2 6% pada suhu 70oC. Serbuk batang sorgum yang sudah kering dilanjutkan dengan perlakuan mekanis yaitu dimasukkan ke dalam disk mill  selama 90 menit dan dilanjutkan dengan high energy milling (HEM) untuk mengecilkan ukurannya sampai dengan rata-rata 4-8 µm. Filler ditambahkan, dan konsentrasinya (dalam basis berat) divariasikan dari 0, 1, 2, dan 3 %. Pati dan kitosan berukuran 63 mikron (lolos ayakan), waktu  pengadukan selama 35 menit pada kecepatan 375 rpm, dan penambahan 10% berat gliserol sebagai plasticizer dijaga konstan. Hasil terbaik pada penelitian ini diperoleh pada formulasi 8,5:1,5 (gr/gr). dan konsentrasi filler 3%. Produk bioplastik ini memiliki kuat tarik 11,64 MPa, persen perpanjangan 10,98%, modulus Young 105,96 MPa, densitas 0,915 gr/ml, dan penyerapan air  38,3%. Kata kunci: bioplastik, gliserol, kitosan, microfibrillated cellulose, sorgum. Abstract. The Improving of Bioplastic Tensile Strength with Microfibrillated Cellulose Filler from Sorghum Stem. This study discusses the effect of starch on chitosan ratio (in weight basis) and also the concentration of microfibrillated cellulose as a filler in the preparation of bioplastics using sorghum starch, chitosan, and glycerol. In this study, the ratio of starch to chitosan varied was 10:0, 9.5:0.5, 8.5:1.5, 7.5:2.5, 6.5:3.5, 5.5:4,5 (gr/gr). Microfibrillated cellulose as filler was encouraged from the sorghum stem by the semi-mechanical method. The delignification of sorghum stem initiated chemical treatment with a 4% KOH solution on 80oC for 1 hour to remove lignin. Bleaching is done after delignification using 6% H2O2 at 70oC. The dried sorghum powder is further followed by mechanical treatment that is put into disk mill for 90 minutes and continued with high energy milling (HEM) to reduce its size to an average of 4-8 µm. The filler is added, and the concentration (on a weight basis) varies from 0, 1, 2, and 3%. Starch and chitosan measuring 63 microns (sieve pass), stirring time for 35 minutes at a speed of 375 rpm, and the addition of 10% by weight of glycerol as a plasticizer is kept constant. The best results in this study were obtained in formulations 8.5:1.5 (gr/gr) and 3% filler concentration. This bioplastic product has 11.64 MPa tensile strength, 10.98% elongation, 105.96 MPa Young moduli, 0.915 gr/ml density, and 38.3% water uptake. Keywords: bioplastic, chitosan, glycerol, microfibrillated cellulose, sorghum.Graphical Abstract 
Variasi Waktu dan Massa Ampas Kopi Pada Leaching Minyak Dari Residu Kopi Instan Heru Heru; Muhammad Hanif
Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan Vol 7 No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Balitbangda Provinsi Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (327.015 KB)

Abstract

Robusta coffee is one of Indonesia's cultivated plant species and has high economic value. One of the processed Robusta coffee is instant coffee. Instant coffee pulp has not been utilized maximally and is only accumulate as a solid waste of coffee companies. However, because oil is insoluble in water, the oil content in the coffee pulp is still high. This study aims to study the extraction process of oil from the instant coffee pulp using Soxhlet extractor, by varying the time and mass of spent instant-coffee ground. The results showed that the percentage of extracts did not differ significantly for extraction times for 6, 7 and 8 hours. The mass variations of spent coffee ground were carried out for extraction times of 6 and 8 hours, and it was observed that the mass variations of coffee ground (15, 20 and 25 g) were generally significant for the extracts obtained, but not significant at the mass of 15 g with extraction times of 6 and 8 hours.
Sodium Hydroxide Treatment for Cellulose Fiber Accessibility from Corncobs under Microwave Assistive Muhammad Hanif; Aknasasia Virginia Krisanti; Selvy Salfitri; Yuli Darni; Herti Utami; Edwin Azwar; Poernomo Gunawan
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 16, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2021)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (613.163 KB) | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v16i2.20061

Abstract

Corncob is abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass resources obtained from crops harvesting and found to be solid waste accumulation on a field. Less corncob is used as a solid fuel for cooking, and a more significant portion is vanished on the field by burning. Promisingly, corncob contains considerable cellulose as one value-added component potentially utilized as biomaterial or biofuel feedstock. However, the presence of lignin in natural lignocellulosic biomass results in recalcitrant structure and hinders cellulose accessibility. This study aimed to investigate microwave-assisted alkaline treatment to retain cellulose in the solid product while removing other impurities in corncob, especially hemicellulose and lignin. Sodium hydroxide was selected as a chemical with some variations in concentration. The chemical treatment was carried out under 400 W microwave power with various residence times and a 1:10 solid to liquor ratio. The cellulose content upgraded from 26.97% to 71.26% while reducing hemicellulose and lignin from 38.49% to 18.15% and 19.28% to 6.4%, respectively, on chemical treatment using 8% sodium hydroxide concentration for 20 minutes residence time. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis also confirmed the results. The treated corncob also increased its crystallinity from 30.11% to 52.91%.