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EXTRACTION OF SAPONIN FROM ALOE VERA : OPTIMIZATION AND KINETICS STUDIES Yuni Kusumastuti; Gita Yuniar
Teknoin Vol. 22 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Industrial Technology Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/teknoin.vol22.iss3.art9

Sementara beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa Aloe Vera mengandung banyak senyawa aktif alami sebagai antibacterialagent, seperti Saponin, pemanfaatannya saat ini belum optimal. Ekstraksi padat-cair digunakan untuk mengekstrak Saponin dari Aloe Vera. Penelitian ini membahas penentuan kondisi operasi ekstraksi dan juga kinetika pemodelan untuk menentukan desain nilai parameter. Selain itu, uji pendahuluan aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak Aloe Vera dilakukan. Hasil yang diperoleh kondisi operasi optimum ekstraksi Aloe Vera dengan aquadest sebagai pelarut selama 90 menit dan suhu 100oC. Nilai parameter desain yang diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi yang kc = 14,76 cm. menit-1, De = 1.97 x10-6 cm2.minutes-1, dan H = 0,4435. Ekstrak ini juga terbukti menghambat aktivitas bakteri dengan daerah yang diperoleh dari zona jelas 0,0044 cm2.

Simulation of Nitrogen Release from Chitosan/Local Organic Fertilizer Composite as Slow-Release Fertilizer Alit Istiani; Yuni Kusumastuti; Rochmadi rochmadi
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.50341

The application of conventional fertilizer, especially for inorganic fertilizer, has low efficiency due to the fast release of its nutrients into the environment. Also, it has a high operating cost caused by multiple fertilization processes in one of the planting periods. One of the possibilities to overcome this limitation is applying organic fertilizer as a slow-release fertilizer (SRF). The objective of this research is to prepare SRF by modifying the formulation of local organic fertilizer with chitosan as a binder. The rate of the nitrogen release was studied and simulated with MATLAB. The result shows that the nitrogen loss by water leaching decreased up to 85% in chitosan/organic fertilizer rather than the fertilizer without chitosan. By MATLAB simulation, the release of nitrogen has followed the proposed mathematical model in which the mass transfer occurred dominated by diffusion mechanism with the diffusivity coefficient of 1.61x10-5 cm2/s.Keywords: chitosan; organic fertilizer; slow-release fertilizer A B S T R A KPenggunaan pupuk anorganik masih memiliki efisiensi rendah yang disebabkan oleh cepatnya pelepasan nutrisi pupuk ke lingkungan sehingga nutrisi tersebut tidak dapat terserap baik oleh tanaman. Selain itu, aplikasi pupuk anorganik yang berulang dalam satu periode tanam berdampak pada peningkatan biaya operasional. Salah satu metode untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan pupuk lepas lambat (slow-release fertilizer) atau dengan menggunakan pupuk organik. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan mengombinasikan dua metode tersebut yaitu dengan memodifikasi formulasi dari pupuk organik lokal dengan penambahan kitosan sehingga dapat diperoleh pupuk organik yang memiliki sifat lepas lambat. Laju pelepasan nitrogen dari pupuk yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis dan disimulasikan dengan software MATLAB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nitrogen yang hilang pada komposit pupuk organik-kitosan melalui water leaching menurun hingga 85% jika dibandingkan dengan komposit pupuk organik tanpa kitosan. Hasil simulasi MATLAB juga menunjukkan bahwa laju pelepasan nitrogen pada pupuk mengikuti model matematika yang diusulkan yaitu dengan mekanisme difusi, nilai koefisien difusivitas yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 1,61×10-5 cm2/s.Kata kunci: kitosan; pupuk lepas lambat; pupuk organik

Synthesis of Curcumin Nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb Extract by Solvent-Antisolvent Precipitation Method Nur Rofiqoh Eviana Putri; Annisa Amalia Ulfah; Yuni Kusumastuti
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

A B S T R A C TCurcumin is an active compound found in temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) extract which is widely used for biomedical application. However, the utilization of curcumin is still limited due to its properties i.e. hydrophobicity, poor stability, and low water solubility. Modification of curcumin molecule and process optimization during the extraction and purification process is needed to minimize the aforementioned limitations. One of the approaches is producing curcumin in nano size. This present research aims to optimize the synthesis of curcumin nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract using solvent-antisolvent precipitation method. Curcumin colour stability was also enhanced by controlling the pH during raw materials preparation. The obtained curcumin nanoparticle was then characterized using particle size analysis (PSA). Result showed that Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract colour could be controlled by maintaining acidic environment. At the pH of 3, yellow colour of extract was obtained, meanwhile at neutral pH, the colour of extract changed into dark brown. PSA result showed that optimum stirring condition of precipitation process was obtained using 500 rpm stirring rate for 45 minutes which resulted in curcumin nanoparticle in the size range of 164.37±3.29 nm. Thus, by controlling the pH of extract at 3 during extraction process and using optimum stirring condition at 500 rpm for 45 minutes during precipitation process, more stable and soluble curcumin was successfully produced. A B S T R A KKurkumin merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) yang banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi biomedis. Meskipun demikian, pemanfaatan kurkumin masih terbatas dikarenakan sifatnya yang hidrofobik, stabilitas yang rendah, serta kelarutan di air yang rendah. Modifikasi kurkumin serta optimisasi proses ekstraksi maupun purifikasi perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan membuat kurkumin dalam ukuran nano. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi pembuatan nanopartikel kurkumin dari ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. menggunakan metode presipitasi solven-antisolven. Stabilitas warna kurkumin dijaga dengan mengontrol pH saat persiapan bahan baku. Hasil nanopartikel kurkumin yang didapat kemudian dianalisis menggunakan particle size analysis (PSA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa warna ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. dapat dijaga pada kondisi asam. Pada pH 3, ekstrak berwarna kuning cerah sedangkan pada pH netral, warna ekstrak berubah menjadi coklat gelap. Hasil PSA menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pengadukan yang optimum pada saat proses presipitasi diperoleh menggunakan kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm selama 45 menit yang menghasilkan nanopartikel kurkumin dengan ukuran 164,37±3,29 nm. Dengan mengontrol ekstrak pada pH 3 selama proses ekstraksi dan menggunakan kondisi pengadukan optimum pada 500 rpm selama 45 menit pada proses presipitasi, kurkumin dengan stabilitas dan kelarutan yang baik dapat diperoleh.

Simulation of Nitrogen Release from Chitosan/Local Organic Fertilizer Composite as Slow-Release Fertilizer Alit Istiani; Yuni Kusumastuti; Rochmadi rochmadi
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.50341

The application of conventional fertilizer, especially for inorganic fertilizer, has low efficiency due to the fast release of its nutrients into the environment. Also, it has a high operating cost caused by multiple fertilization processes in one of the planting periods. One of the possibilities to overcome this limitation is applying organic fertilizer as a slow-release fertilizer (SRF). The objective of this research is to prepare SRF by modifying the formulation of local organic fertilizer with chitosan as a binder. The rate of the nitrogen release was studied and simulated with MATLAB. The result shows that the nitrogen loss by water leaching decreased up to 85% in chitosan/organic fertilizer rather than the fertilizer without chitosan. By MATLAB simulation, the release of nitrogen has followed the proposed mathematical model in which the mass transfer occurred dominated by diffusion mechanism with the diffusivity coefficient of 1.61x10-5 cm2/s.Keywords: chitosan; organic fertilizer; slow-release fertilizer A B S T R A KPenggunaan pupuk anorganik masih memiliki efisiensi rendah yang disebabkan oleh cepatnya pelepasan nutrisi pupuk ke lingkungan sehingga nutrisi tersebut tidak dapat terserap baik oleh tanaman. Selain itu, aplikasi pupuk anorganik yang berulang dalam satu periode tanam berdampak pada peningkatan biaya operasional. Salah satu metode untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan pupuk lepas lambat (slow-release fertilizer) atau dengan menggunakan pupuk organik. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan mengombinasikan dua metode tersebut yaitu dengan memodifikasi formulasi dari pupuk organik lokal dengan penambahan kitosan sehingga dapat diperoleh pupuk organik yang memiliki sifat lepas lambat. Laju pelepasan nitrogen dari pupuk yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis dan disimulasikan dengan software MATLAB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nitrogen yang hilang pada komposit pupuk organik-kitosan melalui water leaching menurun hingga 85% jika dibandingkan dengan komposit pupuk organik tanpa kitosan. Hasil simulasi MATLAB juga menunjukkan bahwa laju pelepasan nitrogen pada pupuk mengikuti model matematika yang diusulkan yaitu dengan mekanisme difusi, nilai koefisien difusivitas yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 1,61×10-5 cm2/s.Kata kunci: kitosan; pupuk lepas lambat; pupuk organik

Synthesis of Curcumin Nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb Extract by Solvent-Antisolvent Precipitation Method Nur Rofiqoh Eviana Putri; Annisa Amalia Ulfah; Yuni Kusumastuti
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

A B S T R A C TCurcumin is an active compound found in temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) extract which is widely used for biomedical application. However, the utilization of curcumin is still limited due to its properties i.e. hydrophobicity, poor stability, and low water solubility. Modification of curcumin molecule and process optimization during the extraction and purification process is needed to minimize the aforementioned limitations. One of the approaches is producing curcumin in nano size. This present research aims to optimize the synthesis of curcumin nanoparticle from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract using solvent-antisolvent precipitation method. Curcumin colour stability was also enhanced by controlling the pH during raw materials preparation. The obtained curcumin nanoparticle was then characterized using particle size analysis (PSA). Result showed that Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. extract colour could be controlled by maintaining acidic environment. At the pH of 3, yellow colour of extract was obtained, meanwhile at neutral pH, the colour of extract changed into dark brown. PSA result showed that optimum stirring condition of precipitation process was obtained using 500 rpm stirring rate for 45 minutes which resulted in curcumin nanoparticle in the size range of 164.37±3.29 nm. Thus, by controlling the pH of extract at 3 during extraction process and using optimum stirring condition at 500 rpm for 45 minutes during precipitation process, more stable and soluble curcumin was successfully produced. A B S T R A KKurkumin merupakan salah satu senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) yang banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi biomedis. Meskipun demikian, pemanfaatan kurkumin masih terbatas dikarenakan sifatnya yang hidrofobik, stabilitas yang rendah, serta kelarutan di air yang rendah. Modifikasi kurkumin serta optimisasi proses ekstraksi maupun purifikasi perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan membuat kurkumin dalam ukuran nano. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi pembuatan nanopartikel kurkumin dari ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. menggunakan metode presipitasi solven-antisolven. Stabilitas warna kurkumin dijaga dengan mengontrol pH saat persiapan bahan baku. Hasil nanopartikel kurkumin yang didapat kemudian dianalisis menggunakan particle size analysis (PSA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa warna ekstrak Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. dapat dijaga pada kondisi asam. Pada pH 3, ekstrak berwarna kuning cerah sedangkan pada pH netral, warna ekstrak berubah menjadi coklat gelap. Hasil PSA menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pengadukan yang optimum pada saat proses presipitasi diperoleh menggunakan kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm selama 45 menit yang menghasilkan nanopartikel kurkumin dengan ukuran 164,37±3,29 nm. Dengan mengontrol ekstrak pada pH 3 selama proses ekstraksi dan menggunakan kondisi pengadukan optimum pada 500 rpm selama 45 menit pada proses presipitasi, kurkumin dengan stabilitas dan kelarutan yang baik dapat diperoleh.

Surface Modification of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Polysaccharides Francisca Larasati; Yuni Kusumastuti; Aswati Mindaryani; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Murni Handayani
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 22, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajche.69866

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are known as efficient drug carriers. To improve their interaction with other materials, surface modification of MWCNTs is necessary. In this work, MWCNTs were functionalized with acid and polysaccharides (chitosan and gelatin). The functionalization process was done via modification with acid solutions of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and a mixture of nitric acid-sulfuric acid first, followed by functionalization with chitosan and gelatin. To achieve the optimum condition of MWCNTs functionalization, the reaction time, temperature, and acid ratio were varied. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan and gelatin addition into MWCNTs was studied at various mass ratios. The synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, Boehm titration, and dispersion test. The Boehm titration results showed that the acid functional groups had been attached successfully to MWCNTs surface. The amount of acid functional groups increased along with reaction time. The highest amount of acidic group obtained from the data was 2.33 mmol/g. It was achieved when MWCNTs reacted with nitric acid for 24 hours. Temperature and acid ratio variations on the MWCNTs functionalization did not provide significant results. From the FTIR data, sharp peaks at 3480 cm-1 and 1040 cm-1 indicates a -CONH bond, which shows that chitosan and gelatin have been successfully grafted onto MWCNTs surface via an amide linkage. Moreover, the dispersion test showed that the functionalized materials were stable for 48 hours.

Sintesis Copper-Nanoparticles dari Limbah Leaching Kalkopirit Sebagai Zat Antibakteri dengan Metode Reduksi Decka Pynka Wibowo; Yuni Kusumastuti; Agus Prasetya; Yekti Asih; Himawan T.B.M Petrus; Arifudin Idrus
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2023: PROSIDING SNTKK 2023
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan"

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Nanoparticle technology has been widely used in various industries because of its advantages in particle size control systems. One example of the use of nanoparticle technology is copper nanoparticles as an antibacterial material. This research focuses on the utilization of leaching waste as a material for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles was carried out by chemical reduction method between chalcopyrite stone leaching waste namely CuSO4 as precursor, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) as surfactant and NaBH4 reducing agent. The synthesized material will be analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, the particle size will be estimated using PSA and its antibacterial properties will be analyzed using the well diffusion method by looking at the effectiveness of the inhibitory power against Escherichia coli FNCC 0049 and Staphylococcus bacteria aureus FNCC 0047. The results of the synthesis obtained the smallest size of 235.7 nm from the ratio of precursor concentration, reducing agent concentration and, a surfactant concentration of 1:20:8. The results of the synthesis of copper nanoparticles with concentrations of 10.000 ppm showed the presence of inhibitory power to overcome Escherichia coli FNCC 0049 and Staphylococcus bacteria aureus FNCC 0047.

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