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Zainal Alim Mas'ud
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Pemisahan Kardanol Dari Minyak Kulit Biji Mete Dengan Metode Destilasi Vakum nFN Risfaheri; Tun Tedja Irawadi; M. Anwar Nur; Illah Sailah; Zainal Alim Mas'ud; Meika S. Rusli
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2004): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v1n1.2004.1-11

Abstract

Minyak kulit biji mete (Cashew nut shellliquidlCNSL) merupakan hasil samping dari pengo laban kacang mete, mengandung senyawa fenolik terutama kardanol. Kardanol merupakan senyawa monohidroksi fenolik yang mempunyai rantai panjang hidrokarbon pada posisi metanya. Kardanol memiliki potensi sebagai pengganti fenol pada berbagai produk industri kimia berbasis resin fenolik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum pemisahan kardanol dari CNSL dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik kardanol serta estimasi kelayakan produksi kardanol. Tahapan penelitian meliputi: (I) analisis sifat fisika dan kimia CNSL; (2) optimasi dekarboksilasi CNSL untuk mengkonversi asam anakardat menjadi kardanol; (3) optimasi suhu destilasi CNSL untuk pemisahan kardanol; (4) identifikasi destilat dengan GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) dan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy); serta (5) estimasi kelayakan produksi kardanol. Kondisi optimum dekarboksilasi dicapai dengan pemanasan 140"(: selama I jam. Kardanol dapat dipisahkan dari CNSL dengan dettilasi vakum (4-8 mmHg), dan suhu optimum dicapai pada 280"(: dengan rendemen 74,22%. Karakteristik destilat CNSL sesuai dengan spesifikasi kardanol teknis. Komponen destilat terdiri atas: 3-[8(Z),II(Z),14-pentadecatrienyl] phenol 74,25%, 3-[8(Z), II (Z),14-pentadecadienyl] phenol 10,94%, dan 3-[8(Z),11 (Z),14-pentadecieny/] phenol 14,81%. Industri produksi kardanol layak didirikan, dengan nilai NPV = Rp 5.311.121.638, IRR = 45,79%, Net B/C = 2,46 dan PBP = 2,22 tahun. Isolation of cardanol from the cashew nut shell liquid using vacuum distillation methodThe cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a by product obtained during the cashew nut processing contained the phenolic constituents mainly cardanol. Cardanol is a mono hydroxyl phenol having a long hydrocarbon chain in the meta position. It has a potential as a subtitute for phenol in resin phenolic-base chemical products. The objective of the research was to find out the optimum condition in isolating the cardanol from CNSL and to identify the characteristic of cardanol and to estimate the feasibility of cardanol production. The research was carried out in several stages as followed: (I) analyses of physico-chemistry of CNSL, (2) dicarboxylic optimation of CNSL to convert anacardic acid into cardanol, (3) temperature optimation of CNSL distillation process, (4) identification of CNSL distillate using GC-MS, HPLC, and FTIR; and (5) estimation of feasibility of cardanol production. The optimal condition of the decarboxylation was heating at 14O"C for I hour. The cardanol was obtained from CNSL by vacuum distillation process at 4-8 mmHg, and the optimal temperature was achieved at 280"(: with the 74.22 % yield. The characteristics of CNSL distillate met the specification of technical cardanol. The constituent of distillate were as follow: 3-[8(Z),11 (Z),14-pentadecatrienyl]phenol 74.25 %, 3-[8(Z),11 (Z),14-pentadecadienyl]phenol 10.94 %, and 3-[8(Z),ll(Z),14-pentadecienyl]phenol 14.81%. The cardanol production industries was feasible to be implemented with NPV = Rp. 5.311.121.638, IRR = 45.79%, Net B/C = 2.46 and PBP = 2.22 years.
Optimasi Komposisi Kardanol Dari Minyak Kulit Mete Sebagai Subtitusi Fenol Dalam Formulasi Perekat Fenol Formaldehida nFN Risfaheri; Tun Tedja Irawadi; M. Anwar Nur; IIlah Sailah; Zainal Alim Mas'ud; Meika S. Rusli
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 2, No 1 (2005): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v2n1.2005.24-33

Abstract

Minyak kulit biji mete merupakan hasil samping dari pengolahan kacang mete, mengandung senyawa fenolik terutama kardanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan komposisi kardanol yang optimum sebagai substitusi fenol dalam formulasi perekat fenol formaldehida. Pelaksanaan penelitian dibagi atas beberapa tahap, yaitu (l) optimasi komposisi mol senyawa fenolik, nisbah mol senyawa fenolik terhadap formaldehida, dan lama reaksi (2) optimasi komposisi mol senyawa fenolik dan pH reaksi, dan (3) analisis struktur resin perekat dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform infrared Spectroscopy). Formulasi perekat yang optimum diperoleh dengan komposisi senyawa fenolik (I mol kardanol : I mol fenol), nisbah mol formaldehida terhadap senyawa fenolik (1,5 : 1,0). Kondisi optimum pembuatan perekat dicapai pada reaksi polikondensasi pH 10 dan berlangsung selama I jam. Kardanol dapat menggantikan fenol sebanyak 70 % dalam fonnulasi perekat fenol formaldehida. Perekat tersebut menghasilkan keteguhan rekat kayu lapis dalam keadaan kering dan basah (setelah direbus selama 72 jam) rata-rata 15,36 kg/em? dan 13,61 kg/em'. Persyaratan keteguhan rekat untuk perekat fenol formaldehida menurut Standar Nasional Indonesia 06-4567-1998, yaitu minimum 10 kg/em! (hasil uji dalam keadaan kering) dan 8 kg/em' (hasil uji dalam keadaan basah). Terjadi sinergis antara kardanol dan fenol pada reaksinya dengan formaldehida, sehingga reaksi formaldehida dengan kardanol tidak hanya pada cincin aromatiknya tetapi juga terjadi pad a rantai samping tidak jenuh (CIS) dari kardanol, sehingga meningkatkan keteguhan rekat kayu lapis. Optimation of cardanol composition from. cashew-nut shell liquid as phenol subtitute in phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulationThe cashew nut shell liquid is a by product obtained from the cashew nut processing, contains phenolics compound mainly cardanol. The objective of the research was to find out the optimum cardanol composition as phenol subtitute in phenol formaldehyde adhesives formulation. The experiment was carried out in several stages as followed: (I) optimation of mole composition of the phenolics and mole ratio of the phenolics to formaldehyde, and reaction time; (2) optimation of mole composition of the phenolics and pH reaction; and (3) the resin structure analysis using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The optimum formulation of adhesive synthesis as followed: the composition of phenol portion (I mole cardanol : I mole phenol), the mole ratio of formaldehyde to total phenol (1.5 : 1,0). The optimum condition of polycondensation reaction was achieved at pH 10 for I hour. Cardanol could substitute phenol as much as 70 % in the fenol formaldehyde adhesives formulation. The average of the bond strength of plywood produced using the adhesives in dry and wet condition (after boiled 72 hours) was 15.36 kg/em? and 13.61 kg/em! respectively. Requirement of the bond strength in Indonesian National Standard 06-4567-1998 is minimum 10 kg/em? (the result test on dry condition) and 8 kg/em- (the result test on wet condition). There are synergism of cardanol and phenol in reaction with formaldehyde, so therefore reaction of formaldehyde and cardanol did not only happen at the aromatics ring but also at unsaturated chain CIS of cardanol which caused an increase in the bond strength of plywood.
PENGARUH TEKNIK SINTESIS TERHADAP KUALITAS PRODUK FATTYAMINA SEKUNDER Komar Sutriah; Zainal Alim Mas'ud; Tun Tedja Irawadi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5962.283 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jkti.v13i1.123

Abstract

Secondary fattyamines has been synthesized by reacting primary fatty amines with acylchlorides and continued with reducing the corresponding secondary fattyamides formed to secondary fattyamines using LiAIH<I'Fatty amines are raw material of natural-based surfactants that can be derived from fatty acids, olefins, or alcohols, of which can be synthesized from natural sources such as palm oil. Conversion of secondary fatty amides to secondary fatty amines was evaluated through the quality of FTIR spectra on wave number of 1639-1645 em' (C=O vibration) and 1544-1555 em" (vibrations of C-H and of secondary amine N-H). Method of synthesis by using closed reflux syncore reactor was better than those of using microwave teflon tubes, and open reflux. The yield of 9 different secondary fatty amines obtainedfrom 5 to 27 replicates by the closed reflux syncore reactor method varied from 17%to 96%.Keywords: Natural-based surfactant, secondary fatty amines
Co-Authors IIlah Sailah Illah Sailah Komar Sutriah M. ANWAR NUR Meika S. Rusli nFN Risfaheri Tun Tedja Irawadi