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All Journal Research Report - Engineering Science Riset Arsitektur (RISA) ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur Journal of Islamic Architecture Idealog: Ide dan Dialog Desain Indonesia Khazanah Theologia Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA Sabangka Abdimas Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Sabangka

Rahadhian Prajudi Herwindo

Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung

Author-ID : 2749064

Arts Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Social Sciences Other

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PERSISTENCY OF USE OF BOROBUDUR-PRAMBANANSEWU ARCHITECTURE (JAWA ERA CENTRAL CLASS) ON BAYON TEMPLE IN KAMBOJA Nathanael Widyargo ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2 No 02 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract- Indonesia was in its heyday back then In the time of middle classic era of Hindu and Buddha. It is proved by many construction of big Temple such as Borobudur, Prambanan, and Sewu Temple. In Angkor Kingdom which was younger age was found alleged resemblance to the figure of Angkor temple and Prambanan Borobudur, and Sewu temple. It is also supported by the fact that in the 8th century, King Jayawarman II who built Angkor, returned from Java.The Cambodian temple research object this time is Bayon Temple which is the last civilization of Angkor Kingdom with Prambanan, Borobudur and Sewu temples as a comparative object that represents Middle Classic era of the Javanese temple architecture. The purpose of this research is to know the persistence of architectural elements (massing, plan, figure, and ornamentation) of Borobudur, Sewu and Prambanan temple (Javanese temple of Middle Classic era) at Bayon temple viewed from similarities and differences of these elements. The research method used in this research is semiquantitative-qualitative method by observing, collecting temple data of research object, then linking data with related theory so that it becomes processed data. Data that have been processed with the theory of each temple then compared each other to get a descriptive analysis of the similarities and differences of its elements. That data was recalculated then to find the amount of similarities of the study object with the object of comparison can be found. From the analysis can be concluded that at Bayon temple there are similarities of element found with Javanese Middle Classic era of architecture, but similarities are only found on the principle of designing the mass, plan, and the figure only, while in ornaments there were found ornaments with the same type exist but not similar or not in the same place. Key Words: persistent, comparation, essential elements of the temple, Javanese Middle Classic era of Architecture, Bayon Temple, acculturation.

TEMPLE REPRESENTATION IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF HIGHRISE BUILDINGS OF THE REFORMATION ERA IN JAKARTA Muhammad Hilmy Arieza ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2 No 01 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract - Temples are one of the most important cultural archeological remains available in Indonesia. Over the centuries and indeed up to the present, the various elements in the design of temples have been considered as a reference point and the origin of architecture in Indonesia. The Prambanan temple constitutes the first highrise building in South East Asia, which serves to prove that in that particular era, the ancestors of the current Indonesian population were able to inspire the world with its creations. The temples spread all over Indonesia can be labelled unique because they differed from those hailing from the source of inspiration, namely the country of India. This was due to the active role played by the local genius at that point in time, which showed a knack for absorbing foreign concepts while simultaneously selecting and adapting these ideas to the Indonesian context. In keeping with the developments typical of the era and the available technology, exploring the cultural wealth of resources and architecture must be continued as a matter of course; if not, there is cause for alarm that the local values and the very identity of Indonesian architecture may well fade, and all the more so in the reformation era typified by the increasingly dominant current of globalization. The most rapid development can be found in Jakarta as Indonesia’s capital and the melting pot of all aspects. The density of this urban population goes up all the time, and the price of the increasingly rare land available has followed suit. This particular trend has driven the vertical expansion for reasons of efficient land use and economic factors. The expansion level of high-rise buildings in Jakarta has also risen sharply due to the increasing need. These high-rise buildings can be considered as a symbol of a strong economy of a given city because they define the urban skyline and form a source of pride for the city dwellers. Allowing this expansion of high-rise buildings without making a rigorous selection has frequently led to the urban skyline’s loss of character, and a regrettable tendency to look identical to the skyline of other cities. The purpose of this research project is to study the use of temple representation in the architecture of high-rise buildings of the Reformation Era in Jakarta by way of examining the architectural works of PT Arkonin & PT Airmas Asri. Keywords : Temple, reformation, local genius, high-rise building, representation

THE IDENTIFICATION OF CENTRAL JAVA CLASSIC ERA’S ARCHITECTURE (BOROBUDUR AND PRAMBANAN, (9TH CENTURY) ON THE TEMPLE IN THE CAMBODIA’S TRASITIONAL ERA (BAKONG, 9TH CENTURY) MORPHOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY STUDIES (MASS ORGANIZATION, FLOOR PLAN, FIGURE AND ORNAMENTS) Galih Andika Pratomo ; Rahadhian Prajudi Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2 No 03 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract- Architectural temples of the middle classical era such as Prambanan and Borobudur temples are thought to have inspired the temples in Indochina. It has become a common guess both among the tour guides in Cambodia or the researchers who reviewed the Khemer Kingdom Architecture. The existence of the relationship between the temple in Java and the temple in Cambodia is possible because Jayawarman II, who later build the kingdom of Khemer, once lived in Java when large middle classical temple style architecture was built. To find out the architectural connections of temples in Java and in Cambodia then the first thing to do is to know all the architectural unsurts in both temples. So the purpose of this study is to know the unsurts of spatial, plan, figures and temple ornaments of the middle classical era of Java and pre-Angkor temple era. This research is done by qualitative method of comparative. Qualitative research is applied by visiting and observing physical objects, then discussed using theories relating to research topics. While the object is selected using purposive sampling method, with the basic object of research is closely related to the style, wholeness and scale. Of the 80 points used in identifying architectural unsurts in the mass structure, floor plan, figures, and ornaments, the authors found 13 very similar points, 50 points to Bakong but not similar, and 17 points missing from Bakong. Based on these results the allegation that the temple of the middle classical era of Java has a relationship with the transitional era are becoming stronger. Key Words: morphology, architectural elements, Borobudur, Prambanan, Bakong

THE COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ARCHITECTURAL TYPO-MORPHOLOGY OF BOROBUDUR-PRAMBANAN TEMPLE AND ANGKOR WAT, CASE STUDY ON MASS ORDER, FLOOR PLAN, FIGURE AND ORNAMENTS Andreas Martinus ; Rahadhian Prajudi Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 2 No 04 (2018): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstract- There are allegations that elements of Javanese temples are also can be found at The Angkorian temples because the Java Middle Classic temples are older than Angkorian temples and Jayawarman II lived in Java at that time. This can be proved by a comparative process between the architecture elements: mass, plans, figures and ornaments owned by the temples that represents its era in both kingdom. Angkor Wat is a synthesis of the development in Angkor culture that reach its the peak of glory. Angkor Wat has architectural elements of Java Middle Classic temples, especially Prambanan and Borobudur. This led to the alleged of similarity from architectural elements between the temples in the two kingdoms. This Study approached by quantitative with semi qualitative method. Through the study on the main temple buildings of the Java Middle Classic and the main temples of the Angkor Wat era with purposive sampling in relation of mass, plan, figure, and ornament. Described descriptively.Angkor Wat is generally inspired by Borobudur-Prambanan. Broadly speaking, it shows the similarity of Prambanan-Borobudur architectural elements to Angkor Wat. Angkor Wat is a synthesis of combining the elements (eclecticism) of Borobudur-Prambanan, but Prambanan has stronger element (indoor temple, tower temple, Hindu temple). In principle (mass, plan, and figure) shows the incorporation of Borobudur-Prambanan, but by ornament on its processing indicates there is further development (dominated findings exist but not similar). Key Words: tipo-morphology, comparison, Angkor, Indochina, Java

KOMPARASI BENTUK DAN TEKTONIKA CANDI HINDU ERA KLASIK TUA DI JAWA DENGAN KUIL HINDU ERA PALLAVA DI INDIA SELATAN Laurentius Nicholas Rodriques ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 4 No 03 (2020): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstrak- Candi Hindu di Jawa dan Kuil Hindu di India Selatan, kerap mendapat perhatian di dunia arsitektur dikarenakan adanya kemiripan langgam Dravida pada arsitektur bangunan kuil di kedua belah tempat. Kemiripan yang ditandai dengan bentuk atap piramidal berlapis ini tidak bisa dibilang mirip begitu saja tanpa melihat seluruh elemennya terlebih dahulu. Penulis mencoba menyederhanakan perbandingan bentuk dan tektonika dilihat dari pembagian umum tektonika sebuah bangunan yakni kaki, badan dan kepala. Dari hasil temuan penulis, bisa disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan pada ‘ide dasar’ atau ‘citra awal’ bangunan kuil Hindu di kedua tempat. Namun, setelah ditinjau secara seksama bentuk serta tektonika di kedua tempat mempunyai ciri khas masing-masing yang tidak saling berkaitan.Penelitian ini menunjukkan hubungan yang unik antar arsitektur Candi Hindu Jawa dengan India Selatan dimana relasi yang terjadi tidak bisa dibilang salah satu pihak memengaruhi pihak lain atau sebaliknya. Temuan dari penelitian ini justru menunjukkan ciri khas yang kental dari masing-masing tempat. Faktor yang membedakan bisa dikarenakan adanya perbedaan alam, preferensi, budaya ataupun teknologi pada dua lokasi itu di zaman tersebut. Walaupun Hindu adalah agama yang berasal dari India, nampaknya dari segi arsitekturnya tidak bisa dikatan Jawa memimik arsitektur Hindu India. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur Kuil Hindu memiliki benang merah yang mengikat pada prinsip dasarnya, namun hasil dari pengolahan desain akan berbeda tergantung konteks dan perancangnya.

KOMPARASI KUIL MEENAKSHI AMMAN DI INDIA SELATAN DENGAN PURA BESAKIH DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI TATA MASSA, TATA RUANG, SOSOK, DAN ORNAMEN Cista Dibya Anuttama ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 4 No 04 (2020): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Abstrak- Agama Hindu Bali merupakan perkembangan dari agama Hindu India, pada awalnya diduga bahwa semua ajaran agama Hindu bermula pada negara India dan menyebar ke dalam pulau Jawa terlebih dahulu setelah itu ajaran Hindu India menyebar dan masuk ke dalam pulau Bali. Arsitektur Hindu India juga ikut masuk bersamaan dengan ajaran Agama Hindu India, terdapat aturan – aturan yang harus di ikuti dalam merancang sebuah bangunan, dan kuil termasuk salah satunya. Arsitektur Hindu Bali mendapatkan banyak pengaruh budaya dari luar India dan Bali, seperti pengaruh dari Jawa dan Belanda yang membuat arsitektur Hindu Bali menjadi seperti sekarang. Penelitian ini bersifat analisis kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan komparatif. Penelitian dilakukan pada 23 Juni 2019 telah dilakukan survey lapangan Kuil Meenakshi Amman di India dengan mendatangi objek – objek penelitian secara langsung dan melakukan wawancara kepada ahli – ahli di India. Sedangkan waktu penelitian objek di Indonesia yaitu Pura Besakih di Bali, telah dilakukan pada tanggal 31 Juli 2019 dengan cara mendatangi objek penelitian dan mewawancarai ahli yang berada di objek penelitian. Dalam ajaran agama Hindu India dan Hindu Bali terdapat pembagian tiga dunia, yaitu dunia bawah, dunia tengah, dan dunia atas. Ketiga bagian dunia ini dipresentasikan pada gubahan bangunan kuil dan pura. Pada Kuil India gubahan bangunan tentang dunia bawah, tengah, dan atas dibagi menjadi tujuh bagian. Sedangkan di Bali persis dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu dunia atas (utama), dunia tengah (madya), dan dunia bawah (nista). Selain itu pada penggunaan ornamen terdapat perbedaan pada detail sosok dan ornamen. Penelitian ini mengomparasikan tata massa, tata ruang, sosok, dan ornamen pada kuil Meenakshi dan pura Penataran Agung Besakih dan dilihat persamaan dan perbedaan yang dimilikinya. Dengan adanya perkembangan kepercayaan agama Hindu , baik dari cara sembahyang maupun perspektif sosial pemaknaan terhadap tata massa, tata ruang, sosok, dan ornamen yang diturunkan / diwariskan oleh ajaran Hindu India dalam merancang kuil ikut berkembang dan memiliki detail yang berbeda dengan kuil Hindu di India sendiri.

PENERAPAN KONSEP MAHĀYĀNA, VAJRAYĀNA, MĀNASĀRA PADA KUIL BUDDHA MATARAM ŚAILENDRA Clarissa Clarissa ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 5 No 01 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v5i01.4414.1-17

Abstrak- Berbagai prinsip dan tradisi arsitektur klasik India telah dikumpulkan dan dilestarikan dalam kajian yang dikenal sebagai Vāstuśāstra. Cabang keilmuan klasik India ini merupakan perwujudan arsitektural dari nilai-nilai Hindu ideal, dan karena itulah ide-ide di dalamnya memiliki pengaruh signiﬁkan terhadap arsitektur keagamaan dalam wilayah budaya India Raya yang mencapai Pulau Jawa kuno. Pengaruh India dapat dikenali dalam desain candi Hindu di Jawa era Dinasti Śailendra meskipun terdapat sejumlah elemen arsitektural yang tidak ditemukan dalam vāstuśāstra. Namun, berbeda dengan agama Hindu yang memiliki kajian vāstuśāstra, agama Buddha tidak memiliki kajian seperti vāstuśāstra ataupun kuil Buddha yang berdiri sendiri sehingga, sumber yang dipakai sebagai panduan dalam membangun bangunan arsitektur Buddha dipertanyakan dalam Candi Buddha di Indonesia, khususnya Candi Buddha di Jawa Tengah era Mataram Kuno Dinasti Śailendra. Meskipun ajaran Buddha dan beberapa bagian dalam kajian vāstuśāstra diketahui turut berperan dalam pembangunan Candi Buddha di Indonesia, seberapa jauh aliran Buddha dan vāstuśāstra India diterapkan dalam candi sulit untuk diamati, mengingat tidak adanya kajian khusus dan referensi kuil Buddha yang berdiri sendiri untuk membangun Candi Buddha, dan narasumbernya yang sudah tidak ada. Dengan mencari informasi mengenai teori arsitektur ajaran-ajaran Buddha yang masuk ke Indonesia dan mengidentifikasi serta membandingkan bagian-bagian vāstuśāstra yang relevan, maka dapat terlihat elemen arsitektural apa saja yang merupakan bagian dari konsep ajaran Buddha tertentu serta yang merupakan bagian dari kajian vāstuśāstra. Dalam penelitian, metode deskriptif dan pendekatan kualitatif digunakan oleh penulis. Penulis berfokus pada sosok dan ornamen serta tata massa dan ruang. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan dan membandingkan berbagai bagian vāstuśāstra yang relevan serta beberapa konsep ajaran Buddha untuk dibandingkan dengan data dari duabelas sampel candi era Mataram Kuno Dinasti Śailendra. Perbandingan oleh penulis menunjukkan sejumlah hasil. Pertama, terdapat penerapan konsep mahāyāna, vajrayāna, dan kitab mānasāra pada elemen sosok, ornamen, tata massa, dan ruang candi Buddha di Jawa Tengah. Namun begitu, sejumlah detil arsitektural dari elemen-elemen tersebut memiliki perbedaan yang kentara dengan penuturan dalam vāstuśāstra. Sebagai contoh, beberapa penempatan Kala-Makara yang tidak mengikuti kitab mānasāra. Kedua, dengan adanya penerapan konsep mānasāra pada candi Buddha di Jawa Tengah membuktikan bahwa adanya pengaruh Hindu dikarenakan hubungan harmonis antara Buddha dan Hindu pada jaman tersebut. Ketiga, kuil Buddha free-standing pertama adalah Candi Batujaya 5/Blandongan (abad 2-3 M dan 7-10 M) karena kuil Mahabodhi di India baru dibangun seperti yang kita lihat sekarang pada restorasi fase 6 (tahun 700-800 M/abad 8 M).

RELASI TIPO-MORFOLOGI CANDI HINDU DAN BUDDHA PADA ERA MATARAM KUNO Marcell Andrew Tuyu ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 5 No 02 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/.v5i02.4727.102-116

Abstrak Mataram Kuno merupakan salah satu kerajaan tertua di pulau Jawa. Pada era ini, pembangunan candi berkembang pesat. Kerajaan Mataram Kuno berdiri dibawah dua kekuasaaan wangsa. Pertama, oleh wangsa Sanjaya yang menganut ajaran Hindu. Kedua, oleh wangsa Sailendra yang menganut ajaran Buddha, namun pada pertengahan wangsa ini ajaran Hindu kembali masuk dan eksis dalam kehidupan rakyatnya. Wangsa atau dinasti yang ada melahirkan arsitektur candi yang dapat dibagi menjadi dua aliran, yaitu aliran Hindu dan aliran Buddha. Walaupun memiliki dua aliran yang berbeda, terdapat beberapa kejanggalan dari identitas arsitektur yang ada pada kedua candi tersebut. Hal yang pertama terlihat jelas adalah dari tata letak candi-candi tersebut, dimana kita dapat melihat beberapa candi Hindu dan Buddha yang letaknya berdekatan bahkan dalam satu kompleks percandian yang sama. Selain itu, diduga terdapat juga kesamaan beberapa elemen pada candi yang bercorak Hindu maupun Buddha pada masa itu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui relasi antara kedua aliran tersebut dalam pembangunan candi satu sama lain. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara mendeskripsikan kajian tipo-morfologi candi Hindu dan candi Buddha pada era Mataram Kuno, lalu membandingkan keduanya. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Hasilnya ditemukannya persamaan dan perbedaan yang terdapat dalam kajian tipo-morfologi arsitektur candi Hindu dan Buddha pada masa itu. Berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan tersebut, penulis menyimpulkan beberapa relasi yang terjadi antara ajaran Hindu dan ajaran Buddha terhadap perancangan candi Hindu dan Buddha pada era Mataram Kuno. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa relasi dapat ditemukan pada aspek sosok dan ornamentasi, sedangkan perbedaan dapat ditemukan pada aspek tata massa dan tata ruang. Namun perlu ditegaskan bahwa ada kasus khusus dimana dapat ditemukan relasi antara kedua ajaran tersebut, yaitu pada candi Prambanan. Pada kasus ini, dapat dilihat bahwa terjadi pencampuran kedua ajaran tersebut dalam perancangan arsitekturnya. Hal ini dapat dilihat sebagai titik mulainya akulturasi arsitektur candi di Nusantara. Kata Kunci: tipo-morofologi, candi, Hindu, Buddha, Mataram Kuno

RELASI ARSITEKTUR MATARAM KUNO TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KUIL INDIA UTARA DAN SELATAN: DITINJAU DARI SOSOK-TEKTONIKA, TATA MASSA-RUANG, DAN ORNAMENTASI Samuel H. B. Danuleksono; Rahadhian Prajudi Herwindo
Riset Arsitektur (RISA) Vol 5 No 04 (2021): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v5i04.5298.334-347

Abstract- Hinduism is a religion that was born in India and has developed rapidly into the archipelago with evidence of Sanskrit inscriptions and Pallava. The religion had a significant influence on Java which changed the political, economic, social and cultural life which at that time was still a kingdom. The arrival of Indians to Indonesia affected by the reverse flow between Indonesia and India and India and Indonesia. This can be seen by the presence of Indonesian dormitories in Nalanda (North India) and Nagapattinam (South India). The influence of North and South India can be seen from the existence of Hindu-Buddhist temples in the Archipelago which was built in one of the Hindu kingdoms, namely the Kingdom of Ancient Mataram which had areas of authority from Central Java to East Java. The temples that were built are thought to have an identity with temples in North and South India in terms of figure, inner space tectonics, mass layout, spatial planning, and ornamentation. This identity is thought to be a close relationship between North India and South India with Indonesia, especially in the era of Ancient Mataram. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship or relationship of Ancient Mataram era temple architecture to North and South Indian temple architecture. The analysis method used is the comparative – qualitative method. Work plans, plans, pieces, site plans, and block plans of 28 Hindu-Buddha tower types in Central Java will be compared in terms of similarities and differences and then analyzed regarding the position of the laying, and elements of the temple so that the relationship between the two countries is found. Data obtained from literature studies and field surveys. The conclusion drawn from this study is that there is a closer relationship with South India than North India. The influence of North India and South India is only limited to the external appearance in the study of figure and ornamentation, while in the study of mass and spatial planning and inner space tectonics is more developed by the people of Ancient Mataram which is adjusted to traditional values and natural influences. Key Words: figure, tectonics, mass layout, spatial planning, ornamentation, North and South India, Ancient Mataram

TRANSFORMASI ARSITEKTUR PERMUKIMAN TRADISIONAL DI JAWA DARI MASA HINDU-BUDHA KE MASA ISLAM Rahadhian PH
Research Report - Engineering Science Vol. 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (15.054 KB)

Hindu-Buddha period in Java was identical with the period when Indonesia was still influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism traditions or the syncretism i.e. Siva Buddha; around 4th century – 15 AD. The kingdoms which had strong influences in that period were Hindu-Buddha Mataram-Sailendra-Sanjaya until Majapahit. Settlements in this period were only being able to be seen on the relief carved on the wall of temples of the eras. In Java, in 15th century after the end of Majapahit Kingdom, there was an authority transition from Hindu-Buddha style to Islamic, by the existence of Demak-Pajang Kingdom and Islamic Mataram Kingdom. The settlements that are known until now are reckoned to be started from Mataram-Islam Kindgom and then become the basics of Javanese traditional architecture knowledge. Traditional architecture of this period was different from the description of Hindu-Buddha period, although in the cultural context, Majapahit period traditions still influenced significantly in Islamic Mataram period by enculturation. This study concerns architecture transformation of settlements in the two eras because of cultural transition, which can be observed until now. The architecture transformation can be noticed in building forms and arrangement patterns; settlements in urban context. The example of Hindu-Buddha settlements architecture in Java which based on the relief is the raised floor-platform with geometrical settlements pattern, which was abandoned in Islamic Mataram period, although the geometrical pattern was still used. The platform transformation to be a non-raised floor was estimated to be happened in Majapahit period. Based on archeologically found buildings of Majapahit period, some buildings had platforms, some others did not have. The transformation was possibly influenced by foreign countries along with the entries of new belief systems or new architecture styles, as the results of international relationships development, which slowly changed the settlements images, e.g. the influence of Chinese architecture style. Besides the lower part of building, the roof was also noticed to have changes from gable-hip/saddle roof to hip and at last became “joglo” (stacked hip roof). In Hindu period temple’s relief, there were no joglo roof form; so that it can be acknowledged that the roof type did not come from old tradition, but a new form of roof, which then became one of the icons of Javanese traditional roof form. The rooms inside the building also showed the transformation. In Java, recently, it is difficult to see genuinely the settlements pattern which still shows Majapahit characteristics. However, as the comparison to it, those in Bali will be used. Based on historical studies, Hindu-Majapahit influences is still there in Bali until now. The real form of settlements pattern of temple relief can still be seen in Bali, although there has been a modification, however, the traditional pattern trails can still be noticed. The architecture and settlements pattern transformations are related closely to the urban cultural transitions. Between traditiononal architecture of settlements in Hindu period and Islamic period, there are differences between the form and space (room and building), although there are still same things; an element which has been abandoned, while the other is still developed. Is there a spatial transformation which is caused by the spiritual transformation from Hindu period to Islamic period? This matter will be deeply studied through a history exploration. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between both of them, together with elements transformation and their correlations in urban scale, just like theirs with other functions such as worshipping places, palaces, and so on. Key word : Transformation, hip-roof, saddle-roof, raised floor-platform

Co-Authors Alan Darma Saputra Amirani Amirani Amirani R Antonius Richard Bregas Vikri Prayuko Caecilia W. Caecilia W. Caecilia W. Denny Winata Elfan Kedmon Fery Wibawa C. Franseno Franseno Gibran Ramadhan Indri Astrina Iwan Purnama Kamal Abdullah Arif Kiki Amelia Putri Kusliansjah, Yohanes Karyadi Lilian Setiawan Michael Steven Nugroho Mimie Purnama Mimie Purnama Mira Dewi Pangestu Muhammad - Rakha Nurhidayah Patricia Grasella Roni Sugiarto Rumi Rosaline Tobing Samuel H. B. Danuleksono Sanjaya Hartanto Singgih Salim Singgih Salim Stephanie Adryan Teresa Lisa Tito Gunawan Tito Gunawan W Wicaksono, Dimas Hartawan Y. Basuki Dwisusanto Yuswadi Saliya Yuswadi Saliya

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