Maksum Radji
Universitas Indonesia

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Quality of Antibiotic Prescribing for Respiratory Tract Disease in Primary Healthcare Centers in the District of Tegal, Central Java, Indonesia Farida Fakhrunnisa; Retnosari Andrajati; Maksum Radji
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 9, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2020.9.2.95

Abstract

The prescription of antibiotics for diagnosed upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is frequently practiced. Furthermore, inappropriate use has been implicated in numerous problems, including the onset of resistance. This study is, therefore, aimed to evaluate the antibiotic prescribing quality for respiratory tract disease diagnosed at the outpatients of primary healthcare centers in Tegal District, Central Java, Indonesia. In addition, cross-sectional evaluation was employed, using data obtained within the period of June–August, 2018 in six locations, and subsequently subjected to qualitative analysis. The prescribing quality was evaluated by comparing the drug selected, dosage, frequency, and duration of administration stated in the prescriptions, with the terms in the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Primary Healthcare Facilities, 2014. A total of 1453 samples were selected through purposive sampling, where 632 were diagnosed with respiratory tract diseases, with common cold as the most frequent diagnosis (87.2%). In addition, exactly 621 (98.3%) failed to fulfill the rational antibiotic prescribing criteria, evidenced by irrational drug selection (22.0%), dosage (9.5%), frequency (1.7%), and duration of administration (65.0%). The physicians tend to comply more with the national treatment guidelines (OR: 1.828, 95%CI: 0.486–6.874, p-value 0.365), and the less experience of prescribers (<12 years of service) was identified as a negative contributing factor (OR: 0.536, 95%CI: 0.143–2.016, p-value 0.349). Furthermore, irrational prescription was observed in a much larger proportion, influenced by the prescribers’ qualification and experience. This association is currently not significant, due to deficiency of influencing samples.Keywords: Antibiotic, appropriateness prescribing, national treatment guidelines, qualification prescribers, rationality Kualitas Peresepan Antibiotik pada Penyakit Saluran Pernafasan di Beberapa Puskesmas di Kabupaten Tegal, Jawa Tengah, IndonesiaAbstrakPeresepan antibiotik untuk diagnosis infeksi saluran pernafasan atas sering dilakukan. Peresepan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan banyak masalah, salah satunya resistensi antibiotik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kualitas peresepan antibiotik pada diagnosis penyakit saluran pernafasan pasien rawat jalan di Puskesmas Kabupaten Tegal, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Penelitian potong lintang menggunakan data peresepan pasien rawat jalan periode Juni–Agustus 2018 di enam puskesmas di Kabupaten Tegal. Resep dengan diagnosis penyakit saluran pernafasan digunakan untuk analisis kualitatif. Kualitas peresepan dinilai dengan membandingkan pemilihan obat, dosis pemberian, frekuensi pemberian dan durasi pemberian antara yang tertulis pada resep dengan Panduan Praktik Klinis Fasilitas Kesehatan Primer 2014. Sebanyak 1453 resep diambil secara purposive sampling, 632 resep di antaranya dengan diagnosis penyakit saluran pernafasan. Diagnosis yang paling sering yaitu salesma (87,2%). Sebanyak 621 (98,3%) resep tidak memenuhi kriteria peresepan antibiotik yang rasional, meliputi ketidakrasionalan pemilihan antibiotik (22,0%), dosis pemberian (9,5%), frekuensi penggunaan (1,7%), dan durasi pemberian (65,0%). Peresepan antibiotik oleh dokter lebih sesuai dengan panduan pengobatan nasional (OR 1,828, 95% CI: 0,486–6,874, p-value 0,365). Pengalaman penulis resep yang lebih singkat (<12 tahun) juga menjadi faktor persepan tidak rasional (OR 0,536, 95% CI: 0,143–2,016, p-value 0,349). Sebagian besar peresepan antibiotik pada penyakit saluran pernafasan tidak rasional. Baik kualifikasi maupun pengalaman penulis resep pada penelitian ini memiliki memengaruhi rasionalitas resep, meskipun tidak (belum) signifikan karena kurangnya sampel terhadap kerasionalan.Kata kunci: Antibiotik, kerasionalan, kesesuaian peresepan, kualifikasi penulis resep, panduan pengobatan nasional
Kejadian Demam Neutropenia pada Pasien Kanker Payudara setelah Menerima Regimen Kemoterapi TAC-G-CSF dan FAC di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Nusaibah A. Hima; Retnosari Andrajati; Maksum Radji
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 10, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2021.10.1.1

Abstract

Demam neutropenia merupakan efek samping yang sering terjadi setelah kemoterapi. Demam neutropenia dapat menyebabkan penundaan dosis kemoterapi sehingga dapat mengurangi efektivitas terapi. Kejadian demam neutropenia setelah kemoterapi dapat dicegah dengan pemberian Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF). Regimen kemoterapi yang digunakan dapat memengaruhi kejadian demam neutropenia. Selain itu, usia, stadium kanker, riwayat kemoterapi dan kadar hemoglobin sebelum kemoterapi merupakan faktor risiko demam neutropenia setelah kemoterapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kejadian demam neutropenia regimen Dosetaksel, Doksorubisin, Siklofosfamid (TAC) dengan profilaksis primer G-CSF dan regimen Fluorourasil, Doksorubisin, Siklofosfamid (FAC) pada pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari 2017–Juni 2019. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional uji dua populasi. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 61 regimen TAC-G-CSF dan 102 regimen FAC. Kejadian demam neutropenia dianalisis menggunakan Chi-Square, Kruskal Wallis dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian demam neutropenia setelah kemoterapi pada regimen TAC dengan profilaksis primer G-CSF lebih tinggi dibanding pada regimen FAC. Usia, stadium kemoterapi, riwayat kemoterapi dan kadar hemoglobin sebelum kemoterapi secara statistik tidak signifikan memengaruhi kejadian demam neutropenia setelah kemoterapi.Kata kunci: Demam neutropenia, FAC, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), regimen kemoterapi, TAC  The Incidence of Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Breast Cancer after Receiving TAC-G-CSF and FAC Chemotherapy Regimen at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung AbstractFebrile neutropenia is a common side effect of chemotherapy, and it reduces the effectiveness of therapy through the delay in chemo doses. Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is administered to prevent its incidence. The chemotherapy regimen affects the incidence of febrile neutropenia. Risk factors for febrile neutropenia include; age, stage of cancer, history of chemotherapy and pre-chemotherapy hemoglobin level. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of febrile neutropenia between Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide (TAC) regimen with G-CSF primary prophylaxis and Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide (FAC) regimen in patients with breast cancer at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung at the period of January 2017–June 2019. The cross-sectional study design of two populations was used. The sample consisted of 61 TAC and 102 FAC regimens. The Chi-Square, Kruskal Wallis, and logistic regression were used to analyze the incidence of febrile neutropenia. The results showed that the incidence of post-chemotherapy febrile neutropenia in TAC regimen with G-CSF primary prophylaxis was higher compared with FAC regimen. Furthermore, the risk factors had no statistical influence on the incidence of febrile neutropenia. Keywords: Chemotherapy regimen, FAC, febrile neutropenia, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), TAC
Pengkulturan Sampel Susu Fermentasi yang Mengandung Probiotik dan Identilikasinya dengan PCR AMARILA MALIK; INDRIANI INDRIANI; LILIANA SARAGIH; MAKSUM RADJI
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 9 No 1 (2011): JIFI
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Pancasila

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Abstract

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) has long been used in fermented milk because its stability, unique taste and texture and also for its health benents that are provided by the probiotic. There are many fermented dairy products in the market nowadays that declared containing living culture or as probiotics. The aim of this study was to identify LAB from fermented milk product by Visual inspection on plate culture for their morphology, as well by molecular technique performing PCR and DNA sequencing methods. Morphology and growth incubation time of each isolate was observed. A pair of primer that is highly speciiic for LAB targeting the gene encoding for 168 rRNA, which represents sequences of region 677 to 693 of E. coli numbering has been used for PCR identiiication in this study. A total of nineteen isolates were obtained from 10 fermented milk samples that were grown on de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) media. Nine out of 19 isolates which represent each of the samples were selected. Genomic DNA extracted from those 9 isolates were used as template for PCR. The results showed that 8 amplicons were positively identitied as LAB, but only three identities indicated similar species as declared, while 5 others did not.
Penggunaan Obat Herbal pada Pasien Kanker Serviks MAKSUM RADJI; HENDRI ALDRAT; YAHDIANA HARAHAP; COSPHIADI IRAWAN
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 8 No 1 (2010): JIFI
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Pancasila

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Abstract

Herbal medicines have widely been used to treat many type of diseases despite the advance of standard or conventional therapy. In fact, many people in Indonesia use medicinal plant as their customary part of life. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the use of herbal medicines through modern perception. ln this study we would like to know the frequency and species of herbal medicines used among cervical cancer patients in National Cancer Hospital Dharmais, Jakarta, Indonesia and also to assess the relationship between age, education, jobs, stage of cancer, and payment status of the patients. The results were 61,8% patients used herbal medicines. The herbal medicines used most were mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa Scheetf Boerl.) 35.3%, temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) 32.4%, and buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam) 17,6%. There was a significant relationship (p=0,039) between the use of herbal medicines and stage of cancer but no relationship between age, education, occupation, income and payment status with the use of herbal medicines.
Skrining Bakteriosin dari beberapa Galur Bakteri Asam Laktat Isolat Lokal Genus Streptococcus dan Weissella RAFIKA SARI; CESILIA ANITA; MAKSUM RADJI; AMARILA MALIK
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 9 No 2 (2011): JIFI
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Pancasila

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Abstract

Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to produce antimicrobial peptides, termed bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides which kill closely related bacteria. Bacteria producing bacteriocin are also known to produce bacteriocin immunity protein (bip). This study aimed to identify bacteriocins activity in an attempt to isolate the bacteriocin and the bip. In this study, genus Streptococcus and Weissella from our LAB collection were screened on well diffusion agar for antagonism assay. Growth inhibition zone observation has been carried out by antagonism assay using Leu. mesenteroides TISTR 120, Leu. mesenteroides JCM 6124, Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0061, Escherichia coli FNCC 0183, Salmonella typhi FNCC 0165, Pseudomonas aeruginosa FNCC 0063, and Listeria monocytogenes FNCC 0156 as indicator strains. Protease K, catalase, and trypsin were also used following the first screening assay for confirmation test. Results showed that both Strep. macedonicus MBF10-2 and W. confusa MBF8-1 posses bacteriocin activity although both against Leu. mesenteroides only, the TISTR 120 and JCM 6124 indicator strains