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TRANSFORMASI PENOKOHAN TOKOH WAYANG DALAM KARYA FIKSI INDONESIA *) Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora Vol 3, No 3: Oktober 1998
Publisher : LPPM UNY

Abstrak Seni budaya pewayangan merupakan tradisi seni budaya yang mendasari dan berperan besar dalam membentuk karakter dan eksistensi bangsa serta banyak berpengaruh terhadap penulisan sastra Indonesia modern. Walau cerita wayang diwariskan dan dikenal oleh masyarakat terutama lewat pertunjukan yang bersifat lisan dan teatrikal, cerita itu semula merupakan karya tulis yang dewasa ini dikenal sebagai fiksi. Transformasi unsur pewayangan ke dalam fiksi mencangkup berbagai unsur instrinsik, yaitu munculnya unsur pewayangan ke dalam teks fiksi dengan perubahan dan mempunyai pola tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan model transformasi penokohan tokoh cerita wayang dalam karya fiksi Indonesia.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Model transformasi diperoleh dengan membandingkan unsur-unsur teks fiksi dengan teks pewayangan yang ditrasnformasikannya. Sumber data adalah karya fiksi yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1980-1995, terdiri dari 4 novel dan 7 cerpen, yang pengambilannya dilakukan secara purposive. Pengumpulan data dari teks dilakukan dengan teknik analisis wacana, sedang data dari narasumber dengan taknik wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik komparatif-induktif, kategorisasi, dan inferensi.Secara umum terdapat dua model transformasi penokohan, yaitu berupa transformasi tokoh wayang ke dalam tokoh fiksi dari tokoh dunia wayang dan tokoh fiksidari dunia manusia modern. Model I terdiri dari Model IA, yaitu pengubahan karakter tokoh secara mendasar dan bertentangan dengan karakter tokoh wayang dalam pakem, model IB berupa pencaampuradukan kerakter antarakarakter tokoh wayang dengan karakter tokoh bukan wayang yang berciri peradaban modern, dan Model IC berupa pengubahan karakter tokoh wayang ke dalam karakter tokoh bukan wayang secara bertentangan dengan karakter wayang yang ditasnformasikan penamaan dan perwatakan tokoh wayang, Model II terdiri dari Model IIA yang berupa transfomasi penamaan daan perwatakan tokoh wayang, model IIB traansformasi perwatakan tanpa disertai penamaan, dan Model IIC transformasi penamaan tanpa disertai perwatakan. Transformasi penokohan tokoh wayang ke dalam tokoh fiksi terasa lebih intensif dan tipikal jika mencangkup perwatakan atau perwatakan dan penamaan daripada hanya mencangkup penamaan tanpa disertai perwatakan. Tokoh cerita wayang dimanfaatkan untuk menyampaikan gagasan dan pesan lewat penghipograman, perbandingan,pelambangan karakterdan pengkarikaturan tokoh.

SASTRA ANAK DI USIA AWAL DAN LITERASI Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Diksi Vol 12, No 1: DIKSI JANUARI 2005
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/diksi.v12i1.7003

PENULIS DAN MAKNA PUISI ANAK DALAM HARIAN KOMPAS MINGGU* Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Diksi Vol 13, No 2: DIKSI JULI 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

The view that poetry is one means of expressing various ideas, thoughts,and feelings applies on both adult poetry and poetry for children, which isnowadays increasingly written and published in, among others, magazines andnewspapers. Today such poetry is also written by children themselves. A study onsixty-five poems for children sampled from the Kompas daily Sunday editions of2005 has revealed that almost all of the poetry has been written by children, with3.1%, 78.5%, and 9.2% of them being, respectively, kindergarten, elementaryschool, and junior high school children (though another 9.2% of them areunidentifiable).The themes of the poems are quite various and all reflect the world ofchildren revealed through their point of view. However, there are certain recurringthemes: nature and the environment, parents and teachers, and animals, all ofwhich indicate children’s closeness to them. Other themes also found are, amongothers, sports and toys, others’ good deed, religiosity, money saving, and honesty.Generally the tone is didactic though the child writer means to invite or urge to dosomething. It indicates the children’s innocence and directness of mind and way ofthinking. Their teachers at school or their parents at home often tell them directly todo something and they just re-express it in the same manner. In poetic aspects, anumber of the poems seem good enough but a part of the others still do not seem tobe already well processed, especially in terms of word choice.Keywords : children’s literature, children’s poetry, child writer, themes ofchildren’s poetry

TELAAH SOAL UJI COBA I BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMP KABUPATEN WONOSOBO TAHUN 2013 - Mushofa; Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Diksi Vol 2, No 22: DIKSI SEPTEMBER 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ketepatan indikator dalam kisikisisoal, keterwakilan setiap kompetensi dasar dalam soal, kesesuaian antara kisi-kisisoal dan soal, serta capaian daya serap setiap kompetensi dasar. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian deskriptif kualitatif-kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kisi-kisi soal, soal,dan capaian daya serap dari soal uji coba I bahasa Indonesia di SMP kabupaten Wonosobotahun 2013. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik baca dan catat.Hasil penelitianini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) ketepatan indikator dalam kisi-kisi soal termasuk kategoritepat (86,4%) dengan rincian ketepatan indikator pada kategori sangat tepat sebesar 22%,tepat sebesar 68%, cukup tepat sebesar 8%, kurang tepat sebesar 2%, dan tidak tepatsebesar 0%; (2) keterwakilan setiap kompetensi dasar dalam kisi-kisi soal uji coba I bahasaIndonesia Kabupaten Wonosobo dalam kategori sangat terwakili (96,7%); (3) kesesuaianantara kisi-kisi soal dan soal uji coba I bahasa Indonesia Kabupaten Wonosobo tahun2013 termasuk kategori sesuai (86%); dan capaian daya serap untuk seluruh kompetensidasar dalam soal uji coba I bahasa Indonesia Kabupaten Wonosobo tahun 2013 termasukkategori rendah yaitu sebesar 56,89% dengan rincian capaian pada kategori sangat tinggisebesar 0%, tinggi sebesar 14%, sedang sebesar 24%, rendah sebesar 30%, dan sangatrendah sebesar 32%.Kata Kunci: telaah, kisi-kisi soal, soal, daya serap

MODEL PENILAIAN OTENTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA Burhan Nurgiyantoro
LITERA Vol 10, No 2: LITERA OKTOBER 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v10i2.1157

This study aims to produce a validated guidebook for Authentic Assessment in Language Learning. The research activities included the guidebook development and the product was validated by three assessment experts and five teachers as stakeholders. The validation was conducted through a questionnaire and a feedbacksheet and the results were used to revise the draft to produce the final guidebook. The guidebook consists of the front page, three main chapters, references, a glossary, and an index. The results of the validation show that the guidebook is good. Conceptually it is dependable and as a guidebook it is relatively easy to use in language learning activities at school. According to the validators, it is useful to improve the language learning quality.

KEBERMAKNAAN SOAL UJIAN NASIONAL BAHASA INDONESIA SMA/MA 2012 Burhan Nurgiyantoro
LITERA Vol 11, No 2: LITERA OKTOBER 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v11i2.1057

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kadar kebermaknaan komponen materi serta ketepatan komponen konstruksi dan bahasa soal Ujian Nasional Bahasa Indonesia (UN BI). Sumber data penelitian adalah soal UN BI SMA/MA 2012 dengan sampel kelompok IPA satu dan IPS tiga set soal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pembacaan dan pencatatan, sedang analisis data dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatifdengan dibantu statistik deskriptif yang berupa penghitungan frekuensi pemunculan dan persentase. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, secara umum kadar kebermakaan komponen materi sudah baik walaupun belum baik sekali. Sebagian besar butir soal sudahmelibatkan aspek makna dan bahasa sekaligus sehingga mencerminkan kebutuhan orang berbahasa secara nyata. Kedua, secara umum ketepatan komponen konstruksi dan bahasa juga sudah cukup baik. Sebagian besar butir soal sudah memenuhi tuntutan pembuatan soal yang benar. Namun, secara relatif masih banyak ditemukan kekurangtepatanpenggunaan berbagai aspek kebahasaan, bahkan ada yang salah yang menunjukkankekurangtelitian tim penyusun dan pengulas soal.

Nilai Perjuangan dalam Novel Arus Balik Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer Sabjan Badio; Burhan Nurgiyantoro; Hartono Hartono
Indonesian Language Education and Literature Vol 5, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Jurusan Tadris Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to describe the struggle of the character in the novel Arus Balik. The method used is the content analysis method. Data is obtained by reading and recording techniques. Data were analyzed with qualitative descriptive analysis techniques through data comparison, categorization, data presentation, and inference. The results showed that the struggle of the character in the Arus Balik novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer consisted of heroism (28%), nationalism (33%), never giving up (25%), kinship (9%), and selflessness (5%). The value of the struggle for heroism consists of being wary of the enemy, defending the people, defending the truth, selflessness, daring to die, being responsible, and commanding authority. The value of nationalism consists of love for the flag itself, loyal to the leader, thinking about the safety of the country, supporting the struggle to defend the country, and participating in defending the country. The value of the unyielding struggle consists of fighting to the death and believing in your abilities. Meanwhile, the value of selfless struggle consists in overcoming not expecting respect and not expecting office.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perjuangan tokoh dalam novel Arus Balik dengan metode analisis isi. Data diperoleh dengan teknik membaca dan mencatat. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif melalui perbandingan antardata, kategorisasi, penyajian data, dan inferensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perjuangan tokoh dalam novel Arus Balik karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer terdiri atas heroisme (28%), nasionalisme (33%), pantang menyerah (25%), kekeluargaan (9%), dan tanpa pamrih (5%). Nilai perjuangan heroisme terdiri atas waspada terhadap musuh, membela rakyat, membela kebenaran, tidak mementingkan diri sendiri, berani mati, bertanggung jawab, serta berwibawa memimpin pasukan. Nilai nasionalisme terdiri atas cinta pada bendera sendiri, setia pada pemimpin, memikirkan keselamatan negara, mendukung perjuangan bela negara, serta ikut serta membela negara. Nilai perjuangan pantang menyerah terdiri atas melawan sampai mati dan percaya kepada kemampuan sendiri. Sementara itu, nilai perjuangan tanpa pamrih terdiri atas tidak mengharapkan penghormatan dan tidak mengharapkan jabatan.

RESEPSI SISWA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH KABUPATEN BANTUL TERHADAP CERPEN REMAJA PADA SURAT KABAR KEDAULATAN RAKYAT Siska Yuniati; Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta

Literary reception encompasses reader’s role in making meaning from literary texts. Student’s reception of teenage short story can give an idea of student’s acceptance of this type of text. This is interesting because students as teenagers are rarely involved in responding to teenage short stories, particularly ones available in newspapers. This research aims to examine the reception of teen short stories in the Kedaulatan Rakyat Newspaper by students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Bantul Regency in terms of intellectual and emotional aspects. Respondents in this study are 128 students of MTsN 1 Bantul, MTsN 3 Bantul, MTsN 4 Bantul, MTs Al Falah, and MTs Hasyim Asy'ari. The data were collected using a reception questionnaire focusing on intellectual and emotional aspects. The results of the study are as follows. First, in terms of intellectual aspect, the students’ reception of teen short stories in Kedaulatan Rakyat is high (70.82%), moderate (15.62%), and low (13.58%). Second, in terms of emotional aspect, the students’ reception of teen short stories in this newspaper is high (38.86%), moderate (20.28%), and low (40.86%). Fourth, there is no significant difference between the reception of students from state madrasah and private madrasah. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that students of class IX of Madrasah Tsanawiyah, Bantul Regency can understand well the elements of story builders and the structure of short story, language, themes, and conflicts in the short story. Students also understand the logic of the story in the text and feel the tension of the conflict. The new values in the short stories and actions of the main characters are quite acceptable to students. Students are also interested enough to discuss the short stories further. Meanwhile, most students felt less emotional impact and do not feel the tension presented in the short story.

STILISTIKA KULTURAL (CULTURAL STYLISTICS) Burhan Nurgiyantoro
Widyaparwa Vol 43, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Stilistika adalah sebuah disiplin ilmu yang mengkaji fungsi artistik penggunaan bahasa dalam berbagai konteks. Stilistika memberikan penjelasan perihal ketepatan atau ketidaktepatan penggunaan berbagai unsur bahasa dalam sebuah teks. Stilistika berada dalam titik persinggungan studi linguistik, seni, dan kultur. Stilistika kultural merupakan suatu pendekatan yang dipakai dalam kajian gaya sebuah teks yang sarat muatan makna filosofis-kultural. Pemahaman gaya teks akan tepat jilia dilakukan dengan berangkat dan atau mempertimbangkan aspek kultur yang melatarbelalangi. Teks kesastraan yang mengangkat aspek kultural masyarakat, tampaknya lebih tepat jika didekati, dianalisis, atau dipahami dengan pendekatan stilistika kultural. Ada banyak karya sastra Indonesia yang mengangkat latar belakang budaya masyarakat tertentu, misalnya latar belakang budaya Jawa lengkap dengan aspek filosofisnya. Lewat pendekatan ini, makna sebuah teks kesastraan dapat dipahami, digali, dan dijelaskan dengan baik.Stylistics is n discipline that studies artistic function of language use in different contexts, Stylistics provides an explanation regarding the accuracy or inaccuracy of various uses of language elements in t text. Stylistics is in the intersection point of linguistic studies, art, and culture. Culture Stylistics is an approach used in the style study as a text laden with philosophical-cultural significance. Understanding style of text will be appropriate if it is done by starting from and or taking into account the underlying culture. Literary text which raised the cultural aspects of society, it seems more appropriate if it is approached, analyzed, or understood by cultural stylistic approach. There are many Indonesian literatures that elavate certain cultural background, for example Javanese cultural background with its philosophical aspects. Through this approach, the meaning of literary text can be understood, explored, and explained well.

The G30S/PKI in modern Indonesian novels by post-reformation women authors Anwar Efendi; Burhan Nurgiyantoro; Maman Suryaman; Anis Mashlihatin
Diksi Vol 31, No 1: DIKSI (MARCH 2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/diksi.v31i1.59250

Politics (facts) and literature (fiction) are two things that both exist and are needed by society. The two are also often linked together. The specific relationship between politics understood as a way of doing things and literature understood as a practical form of writing. This study uses a qualitative descriptive design to trace the re-interpretation of political facts in modern Indonesian novels written during the post-reform era. The research data sources are post-reform novels published in modern Indonesian literature that reinterpret political facts. These political facts can be found through the thematic aspects, the mindset and actions of the characters, the arrangement of the plot (conflict), and descriptions of the story setting which are integral to the whole fictional story. The determination of novels to be used as data sources is based on the following considerations: (a) novels that re-interpret political facts related to the historical events of the 30 September 1965 Movement, (b) novels published during the post-reform era (2000s and above), and (c) novels written by female authors are of a generation that did not directly experience the events of the 30 September 1965 Movement. The results of the study are as follows. First, the political facts expressed in the novel, namely (a) the kidnapping and murder of seven generals, (b) the Cakrabirawa elite troops, (c) the kidnapping and murder of people who were considered to be part of the Indonesian Communist Party, (d) detention on the island Buru, (e) granting status as a descendant of the PKI, and (f) abolishing citizenship status for students studying in certain countries deemed to be affiliated with the communist party. Second, the reinterpretation of historical facts in the novel, namely (a) related to the journey of the past, (b) part of the journey of Indonesian history, (c) understanding from the human side, and (d) choices and awareness of the journey of life in the future. It is hoped that the results of the research can be implemented in teaching literature in schools and the wider community through scientific forums in an effort to socialize the possibility of using modern literary works as a source of historical information to support efforts to understand Indonesian history. If used critically and combined with other sources, novels that actualize and reinterpret political facts can be used as a source of knowledge and understanding of the nation's history. Keywords: political facts, reinterpretation, G30S/PKI movement, modern Indonesian novels

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