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All Journal Paediatrica Indonesiana The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy
Muzal Kadim
Unknown Affiliation
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Behavior and emotional problems in children with mental retardation Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko; Muzal Kadim; Bambang Madiyono; Mardjanis Said
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 3 (2004): May 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.011 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi44.3.2004.90-4

Abstract

Background Behavior and emotional problems in a mentally re-tarded child can inhibit the educational process of the child.Objectives The aims of this study were to find out the prevalenceof behavior and emotional problems in children with mental retar-dation as reported by parents and to assess associated risk fac-tors consisting of mother’s psychopathology, marital discord, malesex, child’s age, socioeconomic status, and family size.Methods This cross sectional study was carried out on 63 chil-dren with mental retardation in a school for retarded children, SLBC Asih Budi I, from January until March 2003. Parents were inter-viewed at school and home using special questionnaires, the ChildBehavior Checklist (CBCL) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90).Results The prevalence of behavior and emotional problems inthis study was 52%. The majority of behavior and emotional prob-lems were anxious/depressed (18%) and withdrawn (16%). Malesex and age group of 12-18 year-old were not risk factors of be-havior and emotional problems (OR=0.49, p=0.190 and OR=1.14,p=0.94, respectively) while socioeconomic status, family size, andmother’s psychopathology were risk factors (OR= 4.08, p=0.008;OR=4.17, p=0.014; OR=9.28, p=0.018; respectively). There wasa correlation between behavior and emotional problems of chil-dren and marital discord.Conclusion The prevalence of behavior and emotional problemswas 52% in which the majority was internalizing disorder. Risk fac-tors for behavior and emotional problems were mother’s psycho-pathology, four or more children in the family, low socioeconomicstatus, and marital discord
Natural Evolution of Regurgitation in Children Aged 12-24 Months: A 1-year Cohort Study Badriul Hegar; Fatima Safra Alatas; Muzal Kadim; Nina Dwi Putri; Wahyu Ika Wardhani
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1, April 2013
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (326.871 KB) | DOI: 10.24871/141201313-18

Abstract

Background: There are very limited cohort studies regarding long term outcome of gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD), especially until 24 months old. The aim of this study is to see the natural history of GERD in12-24 months old children based on their clinical signs and symptoms.Method: Prospective one year population base cohort study involving 262 children. Their regurgitation history and GERD symptoms were recorded every two months.Results: Two hundred and  fivety three children completed the study. Seventy three children (27.8%) were still having regurgitation when they were 6 months old, 44 (16.7%) until 9 months old, and 24 (9.2%) until 12months old. During 12 months follow-up the prevalence and frequency of regurgitation decreased to 2.4% and 1.2% in the age of 18 and 24 months respectively. Infant with regurgitation at 6 months old were 13.2 times more likely to have regurgitation at 12 months old (RR = 13.2; 95% CI = 4.8-36.6). Prevalence of regurgitation after 18 months old were 37 times higher risk compared to those not regurgitating at the age of 12 months (RR = 37; 95% CI = 2.2–613.9). GERD symptoms were higher in children that were still regurgitating until 9 months old 64.5% (RR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.7-3.0) compared to those only experiencing until 6 months old 54.7% (RR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.7-3.0).Conclusion: Regurgitation decrease during 12-24 months old period. The history of regurgitation in 6 and 9 months old is related to the probability to become GERD in 12-24 months old period. Keywords: gastroesophageal reflux, children 12-24 months, GERD symptoms
The Role of Supporting Examinations on the Diagnosis of Chronic Diarrhea in Children Deddy S Putra; Muzal Kadim; Pramita G D; Badriul Hegar; Aswitha Boediharso; Agus Firmansyah
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy VOLUME 8 ISSUE 2 August 2007
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/82200735-39

Abstract

Background: Etiology of chronic diarrhea can be established through non-invasive examination such as stool examination and stool culture. Colonoscopy is an invasive Method, which is occasionally needed to discover the etiology of chronic diarrhea. Objective: To recognize the characteristics of chronic diarrhea based on stool examination and colonoscopy results. Methods: Descriptive study on patients with chronic diarrhea who came to Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital since 1 June to 31 August 2005. Laboratory tests were conducted in accordance with clinical indication. Data was presented in distribution tables. Results: There were 41 patients with chronic diarrhea. Stool examination were performed only in 38 patients with negative-gram infection (86.8%). Stool cultures were performed in 27 patients with positive results of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli (85.2%). Stool parasite examination and concentration tests were performed in 17 patients, with 47.0% positive results as follow: Microsporidia 29.4%, Blastocystis hominis 11.8% and Giardia lamblia 5.9%. Colonoscopy examinations were performed in 6 patients and all patients indicated ulcerative colitis appearance with 50% histopathological impression of infective colitis. Conclusion: Stool examination in chronic diarrhea primarily indicates positive infection. Bacterial stool culture mostly includes non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, while parasite stool examination largely includes Microsporidia. Biopsy examination tends to reveal infective colitis. Keywords: chronic diarrhea, parasite stool, colonoscopy
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in adolescents during online learning Sumardi F. Simanjuntak; Titis Prawitasari; Muzal Kadim; Teny Tjitra Sari; Hartono Gunardi; Yvan Vandenplas; Badriul Hegar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 63 No 5 (2023): September - October 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the use of online schooling in order to comply with national and local lockdown guidelines. Online learning required students and teachers to adapt to a new method of schooling. The inability of adolescents to adapt to their environment can interfere with their psychosocial condition and become a risk factor for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Objective To determine the prevalence of FGID in adolescents and evaluate possible risk factors that existed during online learning. Methods This cross-sectional study was done in children aged 12-18 years who participated in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The diagnosis of FGID was based on Rome IV criteria. Psychosocial problems were assessed using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist Questionnaire–17 (PSC-17) which includes internalization, externalization, and attention subscales. Subjects with a PSC-17 mixed subscale total score of >15 were considered as having an increased likelihood of having a behavioral health disorder. Data were collected by online questionnaires via Google Forms. Results Of 1,413 participants, 23% experienced FGID; of these, 32.6% had >2 FGID diagnostic criteria. Upon multivariate analysis, internalization psychosocial problems were the most common risk factors for FGID, followed by mixed subscale psychosocial problems, unstable internet connection, and not understanding of the material. ConclusionThe prevalence of FGID in adolescents in this study is 23%. Environmental and psychosocial conditions are interrelated as risk factors for FGID in adolescents during online learning in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Co-Authors Agus Firmansyah Agus Firmansyah Aswitha Boediharso Badriul Hegar Badriul Hegar Badriul Hegar Bambang Madiyono Deddy S Putra Fatima Safra Alatas Hartono Gunardi Mardjanis Said Nina Dwi Putri Pramita G D Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko Sumardi F. Simanjuntak Teny Tjitra Sari Titis Prawitasari Wahyu Ika Wardhani Yvan Vandenplas