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All Journal Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

. Mustofa

Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Author-ID : 2969795

Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience

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Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds isolated from Swietenia mahagoni (L) Jacq. against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Handry Darussalam,; Titik Nuryastuti; . Mursiti; . Mustofa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 46, No 04 (2014)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Widespread bacterial resistance has led to more difficult to treat infectious diseases with availableantibiotics. Therefore, new antibiotics are needed face of the growing antibiotic resistance. Swieteniamahagoni (L.) Jacq. is one of potential medicinal plants as a source new antibiotics. Five compoundshave been isolated from an ethanolic extract of S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq., however its antimicrobialactivity has not been investigated, yet. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobialactivity of these compounds. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal BactericidalConcentration (MBC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosastrains. Among five compounds tested, compound 3 (3,4,5,6,7-pentaethyl-1-methoxy-1H-indazole)and compound 4 (5-ethyl-6-methoxymethyl-2-methyl-1,2-dihydropyridine) were found to be activeagainst the bactrial strains tested with the MICs and MBCs values ranged from 50 to 100 μg/mL. Inconclusion, among five compounds isolated from S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq., compound 3 and 4showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains.

Ondansetron serum concentration and polymorphisms of CYP2D6, ABCB1 and 5-HT3B receptor genes in the treatment of chemoterapy induced nausea and vomiting DA Perwitasari; . Mustofa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 48, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

This study was aimed to understand differences of ondansetron serum concentrationin each antiemetic responses, polymorphisms of 5HT3B receptor, CYP2D6 and ABCB1genes in Indonesian cancer patients treated with high emetogenic cytostatics. We recruitedcancer patients in Dr Sardjito Hospital treated with cisplatin (≥ 50 mg/m 2) as monotherapyor combination therapy. Patients were treated with ondansetron 8 mg intravenously anddexamethasone 8 mg intravenously and metoclopramide (10 mg orally) after cytostaticadministration until 5 days after chemotherapy. We cathegorized the nausea and vomitinggrade according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria v.3. We alsodetermined some SNPs of ABCB1, 5HT3B and CYP2D6 genes using realtime PCR. Werecruited 191 cancer patients in this study with the average of ondansetron serumconcentration reached 33.48 ng/ml (SD: 18.54). According to the patients’ response tothe antiemetic, during the acute phase, 21.8% patients experienced acute nausea and30.2% patients experienced acute vomiting. Only the haplotype of CTG-CTG of ABCB1which have significant association with ondansetron serum concentration. EM patients ofCYP2D6 and patients with haplotype of delAG of 5HT3B had lower ondansetron serumconcentration. However, IM patients of CYP2D6 showed higher ondansetron serumconcentration and lower grade of nausea and vomiting. Variations of ABCB1, CYP2D6and 5HT3B may be used as pharmacogenetic marker in predicting antiemetic response incancer patients receiving highly emetogenic cytostatic.

Analysis of Enzyme Activity of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) Gene Polymorphism of Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics in Indonesia. . Suhartini; . Mustofa; Yudha Nurhantari; Bambang Udji Djoko Rianto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 48, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

ABSTRACTAlcohol is an addictive substance that is often misused worldwide, including in Indonesia. Ninety percent of the alcohol that enters the body will be metabolized in the liver using the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme. It is important to determine the activity of ADH enzyme and ADH3 gene polymorphism on alcoholics and non-alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The aim of the study is to determine ADH activity and identify ADH3 gene polymorphism of alcoholics and non-alcoholics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design method. Blood samples were taken from 71 Javanese alcoholics and 71 non-alcoholics of Javanese descent in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The participants were initially requested to sign an informed consent form. Examination of ADH enzyme activity used the spectrophotometry method and ADH3 gene polymorphism was assessed with PCR-RFLP using Ssp I restriction enzyme. The activity of ADH enzyme in all individuals appeared to be a slower type. The average of the ethanol value of alcoholics and non-alcoholics were 0.05554 mM and 0.0758 mM respectively. Gene type of alcoholics were ADH3*2(75.4%), ADH3*1/3*2(21.5%), and ADH3*1(3.1%), and non-alcoholics were ADH3*2(88.6%), ADH3*1/3*2(10.0%), and ADH3*1(1.4%). There were no significant differences between the activity of ADH with polymorphism of ADH3 gene in either alcoholics and non-alcoholics (p>0,05). Conclusion: The activity of ADH enzyme in all participants appeared to be a slower type. Most of the ADH3 gene polymorphism of alcoholics and non-alcoholics were both ADH3*2 (75.4% and 88.6%). There was no differences of ADH enzyme activity with ADH3 gene polymorphism between alcoholics and non-alcoholics of Javanese population in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Effects of ciprofloxacin concentrations on the resistance of uropathogen Escherichia coli: in vitro kinetics and dynamics simulation mode Maya Dian Rakhmawatie; . Mustofa; Eti Nurwening Sholikhah
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Ciprofloxacin is recommended for complicated urinary tract infection (UTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens included Escherichia coli. However, its optimum dose for UTIs remains uncertain that may cause the bacterial resistance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ciprofloxacin concentrations on the resistance of E. coli. The in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models of ciprofloxacin 750 mg oral dose twice a day for one daywas compared to that dose of 500 mg twice a day for three days.Pharmacokinetic parameters i.e.AUC0-24 and Cmax. and pharmacodynamic parameter i.e. MIC of ciprofloxacin against E. coli which previously had MIC of 0.5 µg/mL were determined. The PK/PD parameters combination of ciprofloxacin included AUC0-24/MIC, Cmax/MIC, and T>MIC ratio were used to evaluate its antimicrobial activities which was measured based on kill and re-growth rates of bacterial colony after the ciprofloxacin administration. The result showed that MIC value against E. coli increase to 8-16 and 32-64 µg/mL after ciprofloxacin 750 and 500 mg administration, respectively, indicating the emergence of resistance. Both doses of ciprofloxacin were able to reduce the number of bacterial colony in the first two hours administration. However, after two hours administration, those both doses could make re-growth of bacterial colony. The value of AUC0-24/MIC (120.42±1.27 vs.92.62±9.36), Cmax/MIC (4.75±0.21 vs. 3.26±0.30), and (T>MIC 89.58±7.22 vs. 76.39±9.39) after ciprofloxacin administration at dose of 750 mg were higher than those at dose of 500 mg. The increase of AUC0-24/MIC and Cmax/MIC values could reduce the number of bacteria colony, however could not for T>MIC value. In conclusion, the AUC0-24/MIC and Cmax/MIC parameters of ciprofloxacincan be used to evaluate its activity. In addition, ciprofloxacin twice per day at dose 500 mg for three days and 750 mg for one day are not different in the inhibition of E. coli resistance emergence.

Co-Authors . Mursiti . Suhartini DA Perwitasari Eti Nurwening Sholikhah I Gusti Wayan Murjana Yasa Maya Dian Rakhmawatie Mursiti, Mustofa, Handry Darussalam, Titik Nuryastuti, Mursiti, Titik Nuryastuti Yudha Nurhantari

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