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Pemantauan Berkelanjutan Air Limbah Domestik di Outlet PT INKA (Persero) Madiun pada 2015-2019 Nasikhah, Lulukatin; Purwanto, Agus; Pawitra, Aditya Sukma
MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA Vol 19, No 6 (2020): MKMI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/mkmi.19.6.425-430

ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Industri banyak menghasilkan sampah sehingga dapat meningkatkan polusi, salah satunya pada air. Tujuan dituliskannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ketaatan PT INKA (Persero) terhadap aturan hukum yang berlaku, yaitu Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 52 Tahun 2014 pada periode pengukuran 2015 hingga 2019.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan analisis menggunakan data sekunder hasil pemantauan kualitas air limbah domestik. Pengujian sampel air limbah domestic dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga yang telah dipercaya oleh PT INKA (Persero) dan sesuai aturan hukum.Hasil: Seluruh pengukuran pada 2015 hingga 2019 disebutkan bahwa seluruh hasil pengukuran parameter (pH, BOD5, TSS, serta oil and grease) telah memenuhi aturan yang berlaku yaitu Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 52 Tahun 2014. Namun, pada parameter COD terdapat salah satu hasil uji yang melebihi, yaitu pada triwulan III tahun 2015. Hasilnya yaitu 99,16 mg/L, sedangkan nilai maksimal yang terdapat dalam peraturan adalah 50 mg/L.Simpulan: Mayoritas hasil pengukuran kualitas air limbah domestik PT INKA (Persero) telah mentaati peraturan yang berlaku. Namun, Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat dilakukan pengukuran kualitatif terkait cara PT INKA (Persero) dalam menjaga kualitas air limbah domestik.Kata kunci: Air limbah domestik, pemantauan berkelanjutan, aturan hukumÂ ABSTRACT Title: Sustainable Monitoring of Domestic Wastewater at the Outlet of PT INKA (Persero) Madiun in 2015-2019Background: Industry produces a lot of waste so that it can increase pollution, for exemplify is water. The purpose of writing this research is to determine the compliance of PT INKA (Persero) with the applicable legal rules, namely the Governor of East Java Regulation Number 52 of 2014 in the sustainable measurement period 2015 to 2019.Method: This study used a cross-sectional design with analysis using secondary data from monitoring the quality of domestic wastewater. The testing of domestic wastewater samples was carried out by a third party that had been trusted by PT INKA (Persero) and was by following legal regulations. Almost all of the outlet domestic wastewater quality in the 2015-2019 period was fulfilled by following the Regulation of the Governor of East Java Number 52 of 2014.Result: All measurements from 2015 to 2019 stated that all parameter measurement results (pH, BOD5, TSS, and oil and grease) had met the applicable regulations, namely the Governor of East Java Regulation Number 52 of 2014. However, the COD parameter had one result that exceeded, namely in the third quarter of 2015. The result was 99.16 mg / L, while the maximum value contained in the regulation was 50 mg / L.Conclusion: The majority of the results of PT INKA (Persero) 's domestic wastewater quality measurement have complied with the applicable regulations. However, further research is expected to carry out qualitative measurements related to the way PT INKA (Persero) maintains the quality of domestic wastewater.Keywords: Domestic wastewater, sustainable monitoring, regulation

Hubungan Ketersediaan Sanitasi Dasar terhadap Status Gizi Baduta di Desa Pelem, Bojonegoro Basyariyah, Qonita; Diyanah, Khuliyah Candraning; Pawitra, Aditya Sukma
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 21, No 1 (2022): Februari 2022
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.21.1.18-26

Latar belakang: Sanitasi lingkungan dasar merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi baduta. Berdasarkan data dari Puskesmas Purwosari sebanyak 11 baduta memiliki status gizi kurang dan 8 diantaranya berasal dari Desa Pelem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan ketersediaan sanitasi dasar dengan status gizi pada baduta di Desa Pelem, Bojonegoro.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Pelem, Kecamatan Purwosari, Kabupaten Bojonegoro yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 28 Desember 2019 â€“ 14 Januari 2020. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu total dari populasi seluruh baduta sebanyak 51 anak. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu status gizi baduta, sumber air bersih, ketersediaan jamban sehat, dan kepemilikan SPAL. Data diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Mayoritas masyarakat Desa Pelem mengambil sumber air bersih yang berasal dari sumur (94,0%), rumah yang telah memiliki jamban sehat hanya 60,7% dan 58,8% belum memiliki SPAL. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ketersediaan jamban sehat (p=0,004 < Î±) dan kepemilikan SPAL (p=0,015 < Î±) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap status gizi pada baduta.Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara ketersediaan jamban sehat dan kepemilikan SPAL terhadap status gizi baduta, sehingga strategi terhadap ketersediaan jamban sehat dan SPAL perlu dilakukan untuk menurunkan risiko status gizi kurang pada baduta.Â Title: Analysis Availability of Basic Sanitation On Nutritional Status Of Baduta In Pelem Village, Bojonegoro.Background: Environmental basic sanitation is one of the factor affect the nutritional status of baduta. Based on data from Purwosari Health Center as many as 11 baduta have undernutrition status and 8 between them are from Pelem Village.Â Study aims to analyze availability of basic sanitation with nutritional status in under-fives in Pelem Village, Bojonegoro.Method: This research is an observational study with a cross sectional design. The research location was in Pelem Village, Purwosari District, Bojonegoro Regencyon 28 December 2019 â€“ 14 January 2020. The sample in this study was the total population of all baduta with a total of 51 children. The variables studied are baduta nutritional status, availability of health latrines, and SPAL ownership. The data was obtained from observations and interviews then were analyzed using the chi-square test.Result: The majority of the people in Pelem Village took clean water from wells (94.0%), there were houses that have health latrine just 60,7% and about 58.8% did not have sewerage. Availability of healthy latrines (p=0,004 < Î±) and sewerage ownership (p=0,015 < Î±) have a significant relationship with nutritional status in under-fives.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the availability healthy latrines and sewerage ownership on the nutritional status of under-five children.

Leptospirosis Transmission in Ponorogo District of East Java, Indonesia Aditya Sukma Pawitra; Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah; Corie Indria Prasasti; Moch Irfan Hadi; M. Yusuf Alamudi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15596

This study aims to identify Leptospira bacterial infection in livestock owners and their livestock, as well as to examine potential risk factors correlated with the incidence. 50 participants were selected and their blood samples were collected. 50 urine samples were collected from livestock owned by the participants. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify the existence of the Leptospira bacteria. The questionnaire instrument was used to obtain information about individual characteristics and hygiene. The Chi-Squared test was adopted to examine the correlation between outcome and explanatory variables. The confirmation PCR test detected the bacterial DNA in 2 out of 50 blood samples examined (4%) and 3 out of 50 urine samples examined (6%). Human leptospirosis incidence is significantly correlated with occupation type (p=0.035), personal protective equipment (PPE) use (p=0.044), water puddle contact (p=0.044), cage sanitation (p=0.044) and Leptospira bacteria presence in livestock urine (p=0.007). Insignificant correlation was showed in owners’ age variable. The presence of Leptospira bacteria both in livestock and the owners indicates the real threat of animal to human transmission. Further study with larger sample size and wider range variables and meticulous examination technique is required to comprehend the investigation.

Leptospirosis Transmission in Ponorogo District of East Java, Indonesia Corie Indria Prasasti; Aditya Sukma Pawitra; Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah; Moch Irfan Hadi; M. Yusuf Alamudi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15737

This study aims to identify Leptospira bacterial infection in livestock owners and their livestock, as well as to examine potential risk factors correlated with the incidence. 50 participants were selected and their blood samples were collected. 50 urine samples were collected from livestock owned by the participants. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify the existence of the Leptospira bacteria. The questionnaire instrument was used to obtain information about individual characteristics and hygiene. The Chi-Squared test was adopted to examine the correlation between outcome and explanatory variables. The confirmation PCR test detected the bacterial DNA in 2 out of 50 blood samples examined (4%) and 3 out of 50 urine samples examined (6%). Human leptospirosis incidence is significantly correlated with occupation type (p=0.035), personal protective equipment (PPE) use (p=0.044), water puddle contact (p=0.044), cage sanitation (p=0.044) and Leptospira bacteria presence in livestock urine (p=0.007). Insignificant correlation was showed in owners’ age variable. The presence of Leptospira bacteria both in livestock and the owners indicates the real threat of animal to human transmission. Further study with larger sample size and wider range variables and meticulous examination technique is required to comprehend the investigation.

Analisis Ketercapaian Persyaratan Kesehatan Lingkungan Industri di PT X Azmi Nur Fadlillah; Aditya Sukma Pawitra
Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2: JUNI 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

Environmental health and industry have a relationship that will have an impact on worker health, work productivity, and other things that support the effectiveness and efficiency of the industry, some components such as soil, water, food, facilities, buildings, as well as vector and disease-carrying animals are aspects and requirements of industrial environmental health. This study aims to analyze the achievement of industrial environmental health requirements at PT X, referring to the Minister of Health Regulation No. 70 of 2016. This research was conducted from January to February 2020, using a descriptive qualitative design. Researchers explore information through interviews with informants and complete them with observation. The selected informants are employees in the K3LH Division, employees in the maintenance division, employees in the catering section, K3LH division managers, and catering section managers. The analysis technique used qualitative analysis on the assessment results according to the instruments used. This study found that the efforts for environmental health requirements at PT X had reached 89% of the total instruments analyzed. This happens because there are still some components that do not meet the requirements, such as WWTP, water-saving facilities, lactation facilities, smoking facilities, facilities for the disabled, and buildings that are densely packed with insects. The recommendation given is to improve and add several facilities related to environmental health requirements that are not yet available and then periodically reassess.

Increased Thyroid Hormone Levels in Pesticide Sprayer at Agricultural Area Aditya Sukma Pawitra; Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah; Mohd Talib Latif; Beni Hari Susanto; Muhammad F D Lusno
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional Vol 17, No 1 (2022): Volume 17, Issue 1, February 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia

Pesticides used massively in the agricultural sector would cause many poisoning and serious health problems. Organophosphate pesticides have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This study aimed to compare thyroid hormone levels between the sprayers chronically exposed to pesticides and the control respondents who had never been exposed to pesticides. This study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design. The total number of respondents was 150, 50 as sprayers and 100 as control respondents. The venous blood samples were examined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The findings significantly showed that the sprayer had a higher level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (4.776 ± 1.1166), lower triiodothyronine (T3) (108.822 ± 18.810), and lower thyroxine (T4) (7.808 ± 1.067). Determinant factors among sprayers that significantly correlated to TSH levels was age (p-value = 0.006); work duration (p-value = 0.000); personal protection equipment (PPE) (p-value = 0.045); body position (p-value = 0.014); type of pesticides (p-value = 0.004), correlated with T3 levels was age (p-value = 0.037); body position (p-value = 0.045), correlated with T4 levels was age (p-value = 0.000); PPE (p-value = 0.045). It could be concluded that chronic organophosphate exposure would increase TSH and decrease T3 and T4.

Particulate Matter as a Driven Factor Covid19 Transmission at Outdoor: Review Hanien Firmansyah; Azmi Nur Fadlillah; Aditya Sukma Pawitra
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 3 (2020): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i3.2020.225-234

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus) which attacks the respiratory tract, with mild to severe symptoms. The virus can infect the body through mucous membranes on the face with droplet transmission. Air pollution is thought to contribute to Covid19 events which can worsen the situation of people with Covid19. The aims of this literature review is to analyze Particulate Matter (PM) as environmental factors that contributes Covid19, so it is expected to be a study in terms of prevention and prevention in the field of environmental health. Discussion: PM is thought to have contributed to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity in Covid19 events. PM which has toxic properties can enter the lungs and affect the physiological condition of the lung organs. The findings regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA strengthen the suspicion that PM plays a role in Covid19 transmission. Several studies have found that there is a relationship between PM and Covid19. PM2.5 which is smaller than PM10 has a higher ability to be a risk factor for ballast in Covid19. Conclusion: The results of this synthesis state that PM can be one of the driving factors of Covid19 transmission in air.

The Impact of Ambient Air Pollution Toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19): A Literature Review Lulukatin Nasikhah; Aditya Sukma Pawitra
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.70-78

Introduction: WHO has announced coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) as a global pandemic at the immune decline, one of which is due to chronic exposure to ambient air pollution. This literature review aims to describe the impact of ambient air pollution toward the risk of being infected by Covid19. Discussion: Covid19 can be found in a bat (host primer), and can be contagious through a person, also possible from pets. The symptoms that sufferers will perceive are fever, cough, diarrhea, myalgia, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomit, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and some asymptomatic people. The body’s immunity affects a person’s susceptibility to Covid19 infection. The body’s immunity can be affected by ambient air pollution (with PM10, PM2,5, and O3 are the most pollutant in the air in various countries) for an extended period could be the reason for chronic illness (especially, respiratory tract) could reduce immune resistance. Furthermore, it might be happened on increasing at ACE2 activity and can cause increasing infected by Covid19. Prevention action can be done by contributing from all of the sectors at an observance in guarding, physical distancing, quarantine, and maintaining the ambient air quality in the future. Conclusion: Ambient air pollution must be considered as one effort to prevent chronic illness that can reduce immunity, which can increase the risk of being infected with Covid19. Furthermore, future studies will be carried out on ACE2 activity in people infected with Covid19 in order to get more valid results and following current conditions.

Utilization of Clean Water, Personal Hygiene of Toddler Caregivers, and Smoking Behavior of Family Members as Risk Factors for Cases of Stunting Toddlers Milada Mohammad Ravsanjanie; Aditya Sukma Pawitra; Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah; Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria; Najihah Hanisah BTE Marmaya
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v13i1.2021.48-56

Introduction: Pasuruan District was in the 7th rank of the highest stunting prevalence in the East Java Province (39.7%). Stunting cases that are not handled properly lead to the decrease of cognitive and motor skills, productivity, and even lead to death. One of the risk factors for stunting cases is a history of infection with toddlers (or children under five) from poor behavior of family and caregiver. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of clean water use, personal hygiene for toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members in cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. Methods: The research was conducted using a case-control design with a ratio of 1: 1. Sampling using stratified random sampling and the proportion of 2% of 2,718 toddlers. Toddlers with z-scores <-3SD – <-2SD became a case group of 118 and toddlers with z-scores ≥-2SD – 2SD became controls of 114. Results and Discussion: There was an effect between smoking inside the house (p = 0.004, OR = 0.473), dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water (p = 0.029, OR = 2.726), washing hands with soap and running water by caregivers (p = 0.002, OR = 2.52), and cutting fingernails by caregivers (p = 0.006, OR = 0.544) on cases of stunting toddlers. Conclusion: Clean water utilization, personal hygiene of toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members are the risks in the incidence of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The variable of dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water is the highest risk (OR = 2.726) for cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The food and drink utensils that are not washed properly and correctly will allow bacterial contamination which causes toddlers to become infected.

Awareness of Doing 3M (Wearing Mask, Physical Distancing, Washing Hands) During Pandemic Era in Rural and Urban Families Amira Dhisa Fakhira; Aditya Sukma Pawitra; Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah; Edza Aria Wikurendra; Imre Nagy; Nour Salah Mohammad Abdeljawad
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v13i2.2021.94-101

Introduction: The spread of Covid19 could be prevented by breaking the chain of transmission through the practice of wearing a mask while going outside or being in a crowd, washing hands using hand soap under running water, and doing physical distancing (3M). The difference in information distribution and access about Covid19 between rural and urban citizens connected to the awareness of doing 3M. This research aims to analyze the correlation between awareness and practicing wearing masks, washing hands, and physical distancing within rural and urban citizens. Methods: Data was collected using mixed-method survey, was done both online and offline to reach respondents from several provinces in Indonesia. Data retrieval was done using a questionnaire, and there were 2,196 people participated as respondents. Results and Discussion: Logistic regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.042; OR = 1.117), sex (p = 0.000; OR = 0.377), living area (p = 0.000; OR = 2.291), and knowledge (p = 0,000; OR = 1,450) have the significant relation with respondents' awareness of doing 3M. The age group of 27-36 years old, female, and well-knowledged respondents has a higher awareness of doing 3M than other groups. Rural citizens with a good awareness of doing 3M (87.78%) are bigger than urban citizens (76.02%). Conclusion: The good awareness of rural citizens has shown that both area's citizens already had the equality of information access, especially about Covid19 prevention and the government's policy and programs to reduce the spread of Covid199

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