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The Engineering of Fruit Picker Tool Muhammad Yandriza Fanni; Saipul Bahri Daulay; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

This study is about designing fruit picker tool. The research was underway to design, build and test melinjo fruit picker tool in its plants. The parameters measured were the capacity of the tool, the percentage of defects, and economic analysis. The research was conducted in Tridharma, A. H. Nasution and Bunga Mawar Roads on the road from February to August 2012. The results showed that the effective tool capacity was 12.22 kg hour-1. Percentage of defect was 4.6%. The economic analysis was Rp 427.58 kg-1, the BEP was Rp 4687.6085 kg year-1 and the IRR was 62.22%.
Test Type's Knife In Tools Fruit Pickers Sari Azhira Siregar; Saipul Bahri Daulay; Sulastri Panggabean; Riswanti Sigalingging
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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This study is on a test of the type of blade ofl fruit picker tool. This study was conducted to test the type ofblade of fruit picker tool using tamarind , melinjo, and  rambutan trees to determine the effective capacity,field capacity, percentage of defects of the tool and the level of operator fatigue. The research was conductedin Tridharma,  A. H. Nasution and Bunga Mawar Roads from February to August 2012 with tworeamentsnamely blade and fruit. Blade disc, blade star, blade rotary and rambutan, melinjo and tamarind.The results showed that various type of blade had highly significant effect the field capacity and thepercentage of damaged fruit but had no significant effects on the the effective capacity of the tool. Fruit  typehad significant effect on the  field capacity. The best type of blade of was disc blade with 16.91 kg h and percentage of 4.90% the smallest percentage of fruit damage found in melinjo with disc blade that is equa1,5%.-1
Review of Tertiary Irrigation Canals in the Suka Maju Village Sei Krio Sunggal, Deli Serdang District Devy Rosalin Sinaga; Sumono Sumono; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 1, No 3 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

The distribution system of water on the field of Suka Maju villages is done through tertiary canal (a soil canal). This can resulted in waterloss through evapotranspiration, percolation and seepage so that conveyance efficiency of water become so little. Therefor it’s needed to study about the system further more. This research was aimed to study the tertiary irrigation canal in the Suka Maju village Sei Krio Sunggal, Deli Serdang district. The result showed that in the field conveyance efficiency (at the same distance) was 68,39% for canal 1 and 95,92% for canal 2. Additionally the sedimentation was also found in the canal, so that it was important to redesign the dimensions of the tertiary canal. Thus the sedimentation as well as the scoured could be reduce. The best tertiary canal dimensions for canal 1 was a combination of 0,02% slope, canal width (B) of 0,42 m and the depth of water (D) of 0,21 m, while for canal 2 a combination of 0,02% slope, canal width (B) of  0,51 m and the depth of water (D) of  0,26 m. Key Words: Tertiary Canal, Waterloss, Conveyance Efficiency, Design of Canal.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENDUGAAN KEBUTUHAN RICE MILLING UNIT (RMU) STUDI KASUS DI KOTA PEMATANG SIANTAR (Decision Support System Of Rice Milling Unit (RMU) Estimation Needs Case Study in Pematangsiantar City) Albert Trimitra Siahaan; Lukman Adlin Harahap; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT The role of food commodity particularly rice in Indonesia was enormous since years ago, as rice is a basic foodstuff for the majority of Indonesian. Food needs of rice is never reduced, but increased from year to year, in accordance to population growth. The importance of this report was to estimate rice production by using Monte Carlo method, so rice milling unit needs can be predicted in the future. The result showed that the availability of rice milling unit was unable to meet the rice milling rate in Pematangsiantar City, therefore a number of rice milling unit should be added. Keywords: Rice, Monte Carlo, Rice Milling Unit ABSTRAK   Sejak zaman dahulu peranan komoditi pangan di Indonesia khususnya beras sangatlah besar, sebab beras merupakan bahan pangan pokok bagi sebagian penduduk Indonesia. Kebutuhan bahan pangan akan beras tidak akan berkurang, melainkan akan terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk. Pentingnya penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menduga produksi padi dengan menggunakan metode Monte Carlo sehingga dapat dilakukan pendugaan kebutuhan rice milling unit untuk waktu yang akan datang. Dari hasil yang diperoleh, ketersediaan mesin penggiling padi tidak dapat memenuhi penggilingan padi di Kota Pematangsiantar, sehingga perlu diadakan pengadaan sejumlah mesin penggiling.   Kata Kunci: Padi, Monte Carlo, Rice Milling Unit
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGIRIS KENTANG BENTUK SPIRAL (Design of Spiral Potato Slicer Equipment) Indra Lesmana Julianto Mungkur; Ainun Rohanah; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT The use of spiral potato slicer is one of handling method in scaling up production quality of potato post-harvest processing. To support this, we need a spiral potato slicer which is designed for manually slicing the potatoes into spiral shape. The study was conducted by literature study andobservation on the spiral potato slicer, andthen to design the shape of simple coupling components of the spiral potato slicer. The effective capacity of the tool was 9.54 kg/h. Basic costs to be incurred inslicing potato with the equipment was Rp 847,15/kgin the 1st year, Rp. 808,87/kg in the 2nd year, Rp 796,13/kg in the 3rd year, Rp. 789,77/kgin the 4th year, and Rp 785,97/kg in the 5th year. The equipment will reach the break even point if the amount of slicing potato was 3.223 kg/year. Net present value of theequipment with an interest rate of 6% wasRp. 7.775.704,41which meant that the business was feasible to run. The internal rate of return was 42,20%. Keywords: equipment design, spiral slicer, potato ABSTRAK   Penggunaan alat pengiris kentang spiral merupakan salah satu penanganan dalam meningkatkan mutu produksi pengolahan pascapanen kentang.Untuk mendukung hal tersebut maka diperlukan suatu alat pengiris kentang spiral yang dirancang untuk mengiris kentangyang membentuk spiral secara manual.Penelitian dilakukan dengan studi literatur dan melakukan pengamatan tentang alat pengiris kentang spiral.Kemudian dilakukan perancangan bentuk perangkaian komponen-komponen alat pengiris kentang spiral secara sederhana. Kapasitas efektif alat sebesar 9,54 kg/jam. Biaya pokok yang harus dikeluarkan dalam mengiris kentang dengan alat ini adalah Rp 847,15/kg pada tahun ke-1, Rp. 808,87/kg pada tahun ke-2, Rp 796,13/kg pada tahun ke-3, Rp. 789,77/kgpada tahun ke-4, dan Rp 785,97/kg pada tahun ke-5. Alat ini akan mencapai nilai break even point apabila telah mengiris kentang sebesar 3.223 kg/tahun. Net present value alat ini dengan suku bunga 6% adalah Rp. 7.775.704,41 yang berarti usaha ini layak untuk dijalankan.Internal rate of return pada alat ini adalah sebesar 42,20%.   Kata kunci: rancang bangun alat, alat pengiris spiral, kentang
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENCACAH LIMBAH PERTANIAN (Design and Construction of Agriculture Waste Grater) Doni Apriano Purba; Achwil Putra Munir; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRAK Perhatian masyarakat terhadap soal pertanian dan lingkungan beberapa tahun terakhir ini menjadi meningkat. Keadaan ini disebabkan karena semakin meningkatnya dampak negatif yang berasal dari lingkungan jika dibandingkan dengan dampak positifnya bagi peningkatan produktivitas tanaman pertanian. Alat pencacah limbah pertanian adalah sebuah alat yang berfungsi sebagai penghancur bahan organik seperti dedaunan, rumput-rumputan, ranting  kecil pohon, dan pelepah pohon dengan cara mencacahnya sampai dengan ukuran kecil-kecil.  Alat pencacah limbah pertanian ini tidak hanya berguna sebagai pencacah sampah organik sebagai pupuk,  melainkan  dedaunan atau rerumputan dapat dicacah sebagai pakan untuk ternak.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kapasitas efektif alat 110,39kg/jam. Biaya pokok sebesar Rp. 228,275/kg untuk tahun pertama, Rp.228,590/kg untuk tahun kedua, Rp. 228,928/kg untuk tahun ketiga, Rp. 229,291/kg untuk tahun keempat,  Rp. 229,681/kg untuk tahun kelima. BEP sebanyak 14.932 kg pada tahun pertama, 15.738 kg pada tahun kedua, 16.604 kg pada tahun ketiga, 17.535 kg pada tahun keempat, 18.535 kg pada tahun kelima. IRR sebesar 45,46%   Kata kunci : rancang bangun alat, pencacahan, limbah pertanian.   ABSTRACT Public attention to the agricultural and environmental problems in the last few years was increased. This situation was caused by the increasingly negative impact from the environment, compared to positive impact of the productivity of agricultural crops. This agriculture waste grater is an equipment that work as a chopper of organic material such as leaves, grass, small twigs of trees, and the stem by chopping them up into a small sizes. The equipment is not only useful to chop organic waste into fertilizer, but can be used as feed for livestock.The results showed that the effective capacity of the equipment was 110,39kg/hour. Primary cost wasRp. 228,275/kg for the first year, Rp.228,590/kg for the second year, Rp. 228,928/kg for the third year, Rp. 229,291/kg for the fourth year, and Rp. 229,681/kg for the fifth year. BEP was 14.932 kg in the first year, 15.738 kg in the second year, 16.604kg in the third year, 17.535 kg in the fourth year and 18.535 kg in the fifth year. The IRR was 45,46%. Keywords: equipment design, grater, agriculture waste.
MODIFIKASI ALAT PENYANGRAI KOPI MEKANIS TIPE ROTARI (Modification of Mechanical Coffee Roasters Equipment Rotary Type) Khoirul Ajmi Siregar; Achwil Putra Munir; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Roasting isan important stepin the production ofcoffee powder, where inthe formation ofaromaanddistinctiveflavourof coffeeis enhancedat this stage. From nationalproductionof coffee beans,only 20% areprocessed andmarketedin the form ofsecondaryproductssuch as roastedcoffee, ground coffeeand instant coffee. This studywas plan to modifymechanicalcoffeeroastersequipment rotarytype. The study was conductedwith literature study, experiment, observationand testingof theequipment. Parameters observed were the effective capacity ofthe equipmentand economic analysis.Based on this research, it was summarized that the effective capacity of the equipment was 2.96kg/hour. The economic analysis was as follows: basic costs for the first to the fifth year wereRp. 6703,04/kg, Rp. 6713,34/kg, Rp. 6724,63/kg, Rp. 6736,76/kgandRp. 6749,81/kg respectively. The break even pointwas 264,54 kg/year. The net present value was Rp. 125.277.927. The internalrate of returnwas 50%. Keywords:postharvestequipment, coffee, roasting, effectivecapacity ABSTRAK Proses penyangraian adalah  tahapan penting dalam produksi kopi bubuk, dimana pembentukan aroma dan cita rasa khas kopi ditentukan pada tahapan ini. Dari produksi biji kopi nasional hanya 20% yang diolah dan dipasarkan dalam bentuk produk kopi skunder seperti kopi sangrai, kopi bubuk dan kopi cepat saji. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah modifikasi alat penyangrai kopi mekanis tipe rotari. Penelitian  dilakukan dengan teknik studi literatur, melakukan eksperimen, pengamatan dan pengujian terhadap alat. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kapasitas efektif alat, dan analisis ekonomi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kapasitas efektif alat sebesar 2.96 kg/jam. Analisis ekonomi, biaya pokok untuk tahun pertama sampai tahun kelima berturut-turut yaitu Rp. 6703,04/kg, Rp. 6713,34/kg, Rp. 6724,63/kg, Rp. 6736,76/kg dan Rp. 6749,81/kg. Break even point yaitu sebesar 264,54 kg/tahun. Net present value sebesar Rp. 125.277.927. Internal rate of return adalah sebesar 50%. Kata kunci:alat pasca panen, kopi, penyangraian, kapasitas efektif.
UJI BERBAGAI TINGKAT KECEPATAN PUTARAN TERHADAP KUALITAS HASIL PADA ALAT PENGERING KELAPA (DESICCATED COCONUT) (Testing The Speed Of Pulley Of Desiccated Coconut Dried In Desiccated Coconut Dryer) Yoga Purnama Noor; Lukman Adlin Harahap; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Drying of grated coconut is a food processing technology that can produce healthy food without much changing it’s original nature liketaste, aroma, color and nutrient of the food. This research was aimed to test the speed of pulley ofDesiccated Coconut Dried in Desiccated Coconut Dryer Therefore, a research had been conducted at Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture USU in january 2015 using a non factorial completely randomized design with three threatmentsie: D1 = 2 inch (70 RPM), D2 = 4 inch ( 35 RPM ), D3 = 6 inch (23,3 RPM).Parameters observed were moisture content, yield and organoleptic tests.the different of  RPM had significant effect on water content and yield, and had no effect on color, aroma and overall acceptance. The best  RPM was D1 = 2 inch (70 RPM). Keywords : Desiccated Coconut, Rotation speed and Desiccated Coconut Dryer ABSTRAK Pengeringan kelapa parut merupakan sebuah teknologi pengolahan bahan pangan yang dapat menghasilkan makanan sehat tanpa banyak mengubah bentuk aslinya seperti rasa, aroma, warna dan nutrisi bahan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh berbagai kecepatan pulley terhadap kualiatas hasil pada alat pengeringan kelapa parut.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Keteknikan Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian USU pada Januari 2015 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan tiga perlakuan     D1 = 2 inchi ( 70 RPM ) , D2 = 4 inchi ( 35 RPM ) , D3 = 6 inchi ( 23,3 RPM ). Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar air, rendemen dan uji organoleptik. Perbedaan kecepatan putaran memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar air dan rendemen serta memberikan pengaruh tidak nyata terhadap uji organoleptik warna, aroma, dan penerimaan keseluruhan.Kecepatan putaran terbaik adalah D1 = 2 inchi ( 70 RPM ) . Kata kunci : Kelapa parut,Kecepatan Putaran,Alat Pengering Kelapa Parut.
KAJIAN DISTRIBUSI AIR PADA TANAH ANDOSOL MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS) DENGAN JUMLAH PEMBERIAN AIR YANG BERBEDA (Study of Water Distribution on Andosol Soil Planted is the Small Chili (Capsicum frutescens) with Different Amount Of Indah Khairani Siregar; Sumono Sumono; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Knowing the distribution of water on agricultural land is important as one of the considerations in providing irrigation water. This study was aimed to study the distribution of water in the Andosol soil using small chili with different amount of water provision and their effect on crop production. Parameters measured were physical properties of soil, the water content at field capacity, evapotranspiration, soil water distribution and plant dry weight. The results showed that the Andosol soil texture was sandy clay loam. The volumetric water content of field capacity was 45.42%. The evapotranspiration at the age of 30-40 and 41-75 days were 1.54 mm / day and 1.44 mm / day respectively. Distribution of groundwater at the treatment of 100%, 80% and 60% FC on the plant aged of 30-40 days, was 49.13%-52.51%, 40.38%-48.61% and 30 %-42.36% respectively, with the highest water content was in the soil layer of 0-5 cm. At the aged of was 41-75 days, the distribution of groundwater at the treatment of 100% field capacity ranged between 45.2% - 56.04%, with the highest water content was in the layer of 5-10 cm, while in the treatment of 80% and 60% FC soil water distribution was 44.32% and 44,32% - 47.82% - 39.80% respectively with the highest water content was in the layer of 0-5 cm. The highest plant dry weight at treatment of 80% was 1.37 g at 30-40 days and 5.62 g at 41-75 days. Keywords: Water Distribution, Small chili, Andosol Soil ABSTRAK Mengetahui distribusi air pada tanah pertanian cukup penting sebagai salah satu pertimbangan dalam memberikan air irigasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distribusi air pada tanah Andosol menggunakan tanaman cabai rawit dengan jumlah pemberian air yang berbeda dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi tanaman cabai rawit. Parameter yang diamati adalah sifat fisik tanah, kadar air kapasitas lapang, evapotranspirasi, distribusi air tanah dan berat kering tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanah Andosol bertekstur lempung liat berpasir. Kadar air kapasitas lapang (KL) volumetrik tanah 45,42%. Evapotranspirasi tanaman cabai rawit pada umur 30-40 hari dan umur 41-75 hari sebesar 1,54 mm/hari dan 1,44 mm/hari. Distribusi air tanah dengan perlakuan 100% KL, 80% KL dan 60% KL pada tanaman umur 30-40 hari, berturut-turut berkisar antara 49,13%-52,51%, 40,38%-48,61% dan 30%-42,36%, dengan kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada lapisan tanah 0-5 cm. Untuk tanaman umur 41-75 hari, distribusi air tanah pada perlakuan 100% KL berkisar antara 45,2%-56,04%, dengan kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada lapisan 5-10 cm, sedangkan pada perlakuan 80% KL dan 60% KL distribusi air tanah berturut-turut berkisar antara 44,32%-47,82% dan 36,47%-39,80% dengan kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada lapisan 0-5 cm. Berat kering tanaman tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 80% KL sebesar 1,37 g untuk tanaman umur 30-40 hari dan 5,62 g untuk tanaman umur 41-75 hari.   Kata Kunci: Distribusi Air, Tanaman Cabai Rawit, Tanah Andosol
PEMBUATAN BRIKET DARI SEKAM PADI DENGAN KOMBINASI BATUBARA (Briquetting of Rice Husk With a Combination of Coal) Kasta Efrata Barus; Achwil Putra Munir; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Briquette is one type of alternative fuel made from various kinds of biological or biomass. Briquette materials used in this study were rice husk and coal. This research was aimed to improve the utilization of biomass by making charcoal biobriquette as alternative fuels and to find the best charcoal briquette, rice husk composition. The research was done by non factorial completely randomized design with the parameters of water content, density, firmness press, ash content and calorific value.The results showed that the composition charcoal biobriquette had highly significant effect on water content, density, firmness press, ash content and calorific value. The water content of the best biobriquette was 1,513% in compliance with those made in Japan, America, England and Indonesia. Density value was equal to 0.610 to 0.443 g/cm3, which was approaching the quality standards of briquettes made in Indonesia and England. Firmness press was 3.78 kg/cm2 which did not meet the quality standards of briquettes made in UK, Japan, USA and Indonesia. Ash content was 49.0724%, did not meet the quality standard briquettes for Indonesia, Japan, UK and USA. Calorific value equal to 5857.8581 cal/g that met the quality standard of briquettes made in Indonesia and approaching the quality standard of briquettes made in the UK and Japan. Keywords: Briquettes, rice husk and coal ABSTRAK Briket merupakan salah satu jenis bahan bakar alternatif yang terbuat dari aneka macam hayati atau biomasa. Bahan briket  yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sekam padi dan batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan biomassa dengan membuat biobriket arang sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dan untuk menguji komposisi briket arang yang terbaik antara sekam padi dengan pencampuran batubara terhadap mutu briket yang dihasilkan. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah  dengan rancangan acak  lengkap non faktorial dengan parameter kadar air, kerapatan, keteguhan tekan, kadar abu dan nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komposisi bahan biobriket arang memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar air, kerapatan, keteguhan tekan, kadar abu dan nilai kalor. Kadar air terbaik dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1,513%  % yang memenuhi standar briket buatan Jepang, Amerika, Inggris dan Indonesia. Nilai kerapatan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebesar 0,610 - 0,443  gr/cm3, yang mendekati standar mutu briket buatan Indonesia dan briket buatan Inggris. Keteguhan tekan terbaik dalam penelitian ini diperoleh yaitu 3,78 kg/cm2 yang belum memenuhi standar mutu briket buatan Inggris, Jepang, Amerika dan Indonesia. Nilai kadar abu terbaik dalam penelitian ini yaitu 49,0724% yang tidak memenuhi standar mutu briket buat Indonesia, Jepang, Inggris dan Amerika. Nilai kalor terbaik dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebesar 5857,8581 kal/gr yang memenuhi standar mutu briket buatan Indonesia dan mendekati standar mutu briket buatan Inggris dan Jepang. Kata kunci : Briket, sekam padi dan batubara
Co-Authors Achwil Putra Munir Ainun Rohanah Albert Trimitra Siahaan Devy Rosalin Sinaga Doni Apriano Purba Indah Khairani Siregar Indra Lesmana Julianto Mungkur Kasta Efrata Barus Khoirul Ajmi Siregar Lukman Adlin Harahap Muhammad Yandriza Fanni Riswanti Sigalingging Saipul Bahri Daulay Sari Azhira Siregar Sumono Sumono Sumono Sumono Yoga Purnama Noor