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Pengendalian Nematoda Parasitik Tanaman secara Hayati dengan Bakteri Pasteuria penetrans: Inventarisasi, Pembiakan Massal, dan Uji Patogenisitas Isolat Bakteri Mulyadi Mulyadi; B. Triman; Bambang Rahayu TP
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (1995)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The research on “Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes by nematophagous bacteria (Pasteuria penetrans)” was planned to be conducted within 3 years period, started in 1994/1995. In the first year research was done with the following objectives: 1) inventory on the isolates of P. penetrans, and 2) study on the mass production and pathogenicity test of P. penetrans. Survey of P. penetrans was done in the provinces of D.I. Yogyakarta, Central Java, East Java, and West Java. Soil and root samples were collected in this survey, plant parasitic nematodes were isolated using centrifugation and funnel and spray method. Mass production of P. penetrans was done with their host especially root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). The bacterial infected nematodes were inoculated on tomato planted on sterilized soil. Roots contain root-knot nematodes inhabiting spores of P. penetrans were used as inoculum source. The pathogenicity tests of the isolates were done using bioassay method and in the green house in Completely Randomized Design.The research results is as follows: 1) seventeesn isolates of P. penetrans were found in the survey, these isolates were pathogenic to root-knot nematodes, 2) mass production of P. penetrans was done with their host especially root-knot nematodes and 4) treatment with P. penetrans significantly reduced the root-gall caused by root-knot nematodes.

Kajian Tanaman Inang Nematoda Puru Akar Padi (Meloidogyne graminicola) Mulyadi Mulyadi; B. Triman
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (1995)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objective of the research was to study host plants or alternate hosts of root-knot nematode of rice (Meloidogyne graminicola). At the first phase research, ten rice cultivars were inoculated with M. graminicola. On the second phase, nineteen species of plants were treated with M. graminicola. Both experiments were done in green house in Completely Randomized Design. The third phase research was conducted as a survey method using “proportional random sampling”, with D.I. Yogyakarta as its survey areas. The research results indicated that all rice cultivars tested were attacked by M. graminicola. The lowest number of root-gall was found in IR 26. Of the 19 species plants tested, soybean, pea common bean, france bean, cabbage, and sugarcane var. Ps 56 were attacked by M. graminicola. The survey results indicated that 15 species of weeds were invaded by M. graminicola, i.e. Coix lacrymajobi, Comelina nudiflora, Cyperus flavidus, C. iria, Echinochloa colona, Eragrotis amabilis, Fimbristylis pilosa, Ichaimum mutichum, Leersia hexandra, Ludwigia adscendens, L. peruviana, Marsilea crenata, Monochoria vaginalis, Polygonum barbatum, and Stagnima sp. The highest populatiom of M. graminicola was found on E. colona.

Kajian Bioekologi Pasteuria penetrans Mulyadi Mulyadi; B. Triman; Bambang Rahayu TP
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (1996)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In bioecological studies of P. penetrans, six experiments were done i.e. study the nematode hosts of P. penetrans; the effect of temperature, soil moisture, spores storage length, soil chemicals (compound fertilizer, carbofuran, and mancozeb) and methods of application on the pathogenicity of P. penetrans. The research results are as follows: (1) nematode hosts of P. penetrans are M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. graminicola; (2) temperature tested up to 100oC did not affect on the infectivity of P. penetrans; (3) the highest infectivity of P. penetrans was found on soil moisture 45% than on 0%-30%; (4) spores storage for one, two, and three year after effected the infectivity of P. penetrans; (5) treatment with carbofuran, mancozeb, and compound fertilizer did not affect on the infectivity of P. penetrans; and (6) the used of spores of P. penetrans in grounded tomato roots more effective than in soil and water suspension and more efficient than in soil.

Pengendalian Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne spp.) pada Buncis dengan Bakteri Pasteuria penetrans dan Solarisasi B. Triman; Mulyadi Mulyadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 7, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The objectives of the research were to study the effect of P. penetrans and soil solarization on the population of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and the effect of soil solarization on the infectivity of P. penetrans. The research was done in the field with high population of plant parasitic nematode especially root-knot nematodes. Soil solarization was done in dry season by covering the soil before french beans (buncis) were planted with transparent plastic and P. penetrans were inoculated before soil solarization. Factorial design in Completely Randomized Design was used in this experiment with the following factors: 1) soil solarization (within 1, 2, and 3 moths); 2) isolates of P. penetrans (i.e. isolate 2 and 3). The research results were: 1) Isolate 2 and 3 of P. penetrans were able to parasitize root-knot nematodes in soil solarized within 1, 2, and 3 months; 2) the length of soil solarization afected the infectivity of P. penetrans on Meloidogyne spp. The percentages of Meloidogyne spp. infected with isolate 2 of P. penetrans in soil solarization within 1, 2, and 3 months were 40.3%; 25.7%, and 10.1%, respectively, whereas in soil inoculated with isolate 3 of P. penetrans were: 37.3%, 10.2%, and 2.2%, respectively; 3) inoculation of P. penetrans reduced the root damage caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.); and 4) treatment of P. penetrans combined with soil solarization reduced the root damage caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.).

Usaha Pemanfaatan Tanaman Antagonis untuk Mengendalikan Meloidogyne incognita dan Meloidogyne graminicola B. Triman; Mulyadi Mulyadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 7, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.10070

The objective of the research was to find the antagonist plants for controlling the important plant parasitic nematodes i.e. Meloidogyne incognita on tomato and Meloidogyne graminicola on rice. The pots were arranged in Completely Randomized Design. Seven species of antagonist plants were used: Eclipta prostrata, Indigofera hirsuta, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eichhornia crassipes, Asparagus officinalis, Tagetes spp., and Crotalaria spp. Two experiments were done i.e. the antagonist plants were planted before the main crop and the antagonist plants were applied as an organic manure. The research results showed: 1) antagonist plants i.e.: Tagetes spp., I. hirsuta., Crotalaria spp., and A. officinalis inhibited the growth and development of M. incognita on tomato; 2) application of Crotalaria spp., E. prostrata., I. hirsuta, and E. crassipes as organic manure reduced the population development of M. incognita on tomato; 3) antagonist plants i.e.: E. crassipes, D. sanguinalis, Tagetes spp., Crotalaria spp. and A. officinalis inhibited the growth and development of M. graminicola on rice; and 4) the use of Crotalaria spp., Tagetes spp. D. sanguinalis, E. crassipes, A. officinalis and E. prostrata as organic manure reduced the population development of M. graminicola on rice.

Kemampuan Isolataktinomisetes Menghasilkan Enzim yang Dapatmerusak Kulit Telur Nematoda Puru-Akar Meloidogyne spp. Bambang Rahayu TP; Donny Widianto; Sebastian Margino; Mulyadi Mulyadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11762

Soil microbes including actinomycetes are known to produce various hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics that can be used as biological controlling agents nematode. Therefore, surveys conducted in several areas in Yogyakarta, Central Java and East Java, to search for actinomycetes with chitinolytic, proteolytic, and chitino-proteolytic activity. Isolation of Actinomycetes produced 84 isolates, and most was obtained from shrimp head waste (26 isolates). After the selection based on their ability to hydrolyze chitines and protein in the medium, those whith the highest chitin and protein hydrolysis activity, are consecutive PSJ 27, TL 8, and TL 10 isolates. Test results of crude enzyme produced by selected isolates against root-knot nematode eggshell, showed that the isolates that have chitino-proteolytic activity (TL 10), is a highly effective isolate in damage eggshell. There are three types of damage to the nematode eggs. In the young eggs, crude enzyme preparation causing damage on vitelline and chitin layers. In the older eggs, preparation of crude enzyme cause premature hatching.

Identifikasi Nematoda Sista Kuning (Globodera rostochiensis) pada Kentang di Batu, Jawa Timur Mulyadi Mulyadi; Bambang Rahayu T. P.; B. Triman; Siwi Indarti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 9, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12291

Identification of Globodera rostochiensis was done based on the information given by the Direktorat Perlindungan Hortikultura, that the potato plants in the sub district of Bumiaji, Batu, East Java, were attacked by potato cyst nematode (Globodera). Plants and soil samples were taken from the potato's areas in the sub-district of Bumiaji, especially in the villages of Brakseng (± 1,700-1,800 m a.s.l), Tunggangan (± 1,600-1,700 m a.s.l), Kembangan (± 1,600-1.700 m a.s.l), and Junggo (± 1,200 m a.s.l). Based on morphological observations on eggs, larvae, females, and cysts, the nematode was identified as Globodera rostochiensis with special morphological characters: 1) second stage larvae vermifonn with total body length 531 - 563μ (x 548,4 μ), body width 22 - 26 μ (x 23,6u), stylet well developed with stylet knobs rounded, and part of the posterior portion hyaline in appearance; 2) cyst globular in shape with protruding neck, cyst's length 470 - 1,008 μ (x 638,08 μ), cyst's width 357 - 744 μ (x 490,33μ), and when the vulval basin is lost forming a single circular fenestra. Cuticle surface between anus and vulva basin have more than 12 paralel ridges.

Pemanfaatan Antibodi Monoklonal dalam I-ELISA untuk Deteksi Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pucuk Kelapa (Phytophthora palmivora) Susamto Somowiyarjo; Daisy Prapto Sriyanti; Mulyadi Mulyadi; Suryanti Suryanti; Y. M.S. Maryudani; Bambang Hadisutrisno
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12762

Mice monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) against Phytophthora palmivora, Butl. (the pathogen of coconut bud rot) have been produced and tested. The selected hybridoma (Ab-PM.3) secreted monoclonal antibodies of IgM subclass and the titer in vitro of 10^2 - 1O^3, was employed to develop Indirect-Enzyme Linked lmmunosorbent Assay. This assay was able to differenciate coconut isolate of P. palmivora not only from cocoa and pepper isolate of the same species, but also from other fungus isolated from coconut bud rot diseased coconut (Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Thielaviopsis sp.). This assay was able to differenciate P. pulmivora isolate from diseased coconut with those isolated from cocoa and pepper, and other fungus isolated from diseased coconut, thereby providing specific diagnostic tool for coconut bud rot which is needed for supporting the application of the concept of integrated pest mangement on coconut.

Uji Patogenisitas Bakteri Pasteuria penetrans terhadap Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne spp.) Mulyadi Mulyadi; B. Triman; Bambang R. T. P.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 2, No 2 (1996)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12885

The objective of the research was to study the effectiveness of P. penetrans for controlling root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in micro plot and in the field. The pathogenicity study in micro plot was done in Banguntapan, and field experiment was done in Ngipiksari, Pakem, Steman, Yogyakarta. The plots were arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. The treatments used in the research were: isolat no. 2 and 3 of P. penetrans; carbofuran nematicide. and control. The results in micro plot test were: 1) root damage caused by root-knot nematodes in plot treated with P. penetrans lower than the control, and 2) percentages of parasitism of P. penetrans were 63.57 % (in isolate no. 2) and 53.46 % (in isolate no. 3). In field experiment the results showed: 1) P. penetrans found to be effective in reducing root damage caused by Meloidogyne spp. especially in 45 days old of tomato plant, whereas in 90 days old the effectiveness were decreased; 2) P. penetrans was able to grow and reproduction in the field: 3) the level of parasitisms of P. penetrans were increased rapidly during the experiment: and 4) the highest yield was found in tomato treated with carbofuran and followed by isolate 2, isolate 3, and control.

Pengaruh Populasi Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne graminicola) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Mulyadi Mulyadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12906

The objective of the research wwas to evaluate the effect of initial population levels of Meloidogyne graminicola on growth and yield of rice especially cultivated IR64. Initial population levels of Meloidogyne graminicola used were: 0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0; 8.0; and 16.0 larvae/ml of soil. The research results were: 1) M. graminicola did not influence rice seedling emergence; 2) seedling death was found at 20 days after sowing, 70% of seedling died 30 days after sowing at the population level of 16.0 larvae/ml of soil; 3) the yield of rice decreased up to 38.45% in pot inoculated with M. graminicola at 16.0 larvae/ml of soil; 4) the relationship between yield and initial population of M. graminicola is described by the equation Y=m+(1-m)z^P.T where m = 0.66, z= 0.96, and T= 1.0.

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