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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Subletal Deltametrin terhadap Nutrisi dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Yuni Ratna; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Increasing the reproductive capacity through increasing plant growth and nutrition is one plausible mechanism of resurgence. This research was intended to determine the effect of deltamethrin on plant vigor and nutrition contents. The experiment was carried out outdoor. The treatments tested were deltamethrin (50 ppm), buprofezin (100 ppm), and control (water). Insecticide applications were applied one time (at age 26 d or 50 d) and two times (at age 26 and 50 d). Deltamethrin applications as many as two times did not increase the total chlorophyll and the photosynthesis rate, nutrients (total nitrogen, total protein, total sugar, total reducing sugar at aged 26 d, and sucrose), growth (plant height and number of tillers), and yield (number of panicles). However, application of deltamethrin at aged 26 d increased the amount of asparagine. Asparagine is known to be associated with the feeding rate of Nilaparvata lugens stimulation. Therefore, increasing level of asparagine after application of deltamethrin at sublethal concentration was considered as one of the factors that might be involved in the mechanism of N. lugens resurgence.Salah satu mekanisme resurjensi adalah peningkatan reproduksi hama melalui peningkatan nutrisi dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk melihat pengaruh deltametrin terhadap kandungan nutrisi dan vigor tanaman. Pengujian dilakukan di lapangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah deltametrin 50 ppm, buprofezin 100 ppm, dan kontrol (air). Aplikasi insektisida dilakukan satu kali masing-masing pada umur tanaman 26 dan 50 hst dan dua kali pada umur 26 dan 50 hst. Aplikasi deltametrin sebanyak dua kali tidak meningkatkan total klorofil dan laju fotosintesis, nutrisi (total nitrogen, total protein, total gula, total gula reduksi pada 26 hst, dan sukrosa) kecuali asparagin, pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan), dan hasil (jumlah malai) tanaman. Oleh karena asparagin berperan sebagai pemacu laju makan Nilaparvata lugens, maka peningkatan kadar asparagin tanaman setelah aplikasi konsentrasi subletal deltametrin diduga sebagai salah satu faktor yang terlibat dalam mekanisme resurjensi N. lugens

Survei Penggerek Batang Jagung dan Kompleks Musuh Alaminya di Provinsi Gorontalo Mohamad Lihawa; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Nugroho Susetya Putra
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Corn borer is one of the important pests on corn plant in Gorontalo Province, especially in three districts which are the center of maize planting development. Corn borer and its natural enemy complex in Gorontalo Province has not been clearly studied. The purpose of this study is to determine the complexity of the natural enemies of maize stem borer by calculating the diversity and composition. The survey method was used, in which the older larvae, pupae, and corn borer natural enemies were collected from the field in the three districts (Gorontalo, Boalemo, and Pohuwato). Observation plots in each district area of 2,500 m2, were divided into 3 sub plots with the size of 3×3 m, each plot is consisted of 45 plants at the spacing of 75×25 cm. The data were analysed descriptively and organized into tables. Shannon Index was used to count the diversity and composition of the pests and their natural enemies. The results showed that the corn borer species was Ostrinia furnacalis, while the dominant natural enemy was the tachinid fly. The analysis of Shannon diversity index for natural enemies of three districts of Gorontalo, Boalemo, and Pohuwato were 0.63, 0.61, and 0.97 respectively.

Uret Perusak Akar pada Rumput Halaman Kampus Tri Harjaka; Edhi Martono; Witjaksono Witjaksono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11730

The study aims to identify of white grub attacking lawn in the park of campus of University of Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta. Observations were conducted since July 2008 until January 2010. The results showed that Lepidiota stigma is a pest cause damage to the grass in the UGM park. The presence of beetles occurred in October of the same beginning of the rainy season. Flight and lay eggs period lasted from October 2009 until January 2010. First instar larvae of L. stigma began there in November and the third instar in the month of January 2010. Factors supporting the attack of L. stigma in the college environment is the availability of grass throughout the year, as the lights and the presence of trees as shelter for adult beetles.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Deltametrin terhadap Resurjensi Nilaparvata lugens Yuni Ratna; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Didik Indradewa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 16, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11737

Nilaparvata lugens is the type of insect pest whose resurgence is induced by insecticides. Deltamethrin is an insecticide commonly used by farmers to control pests other than N. lugens on rice. This research was conducted to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations and application frequency of deltamethrin on subsequent growth and development of third instars of N. lugens. The selected concentrations were 50 ppm (LC25) and 225 ppm (LC50), and the frequency of applications ranged 1–3 times. Each concentration was applied to the third instars of the parent generation (one time), the parent and their first offspring (two times) and the parent, their first and second offspring (three times). N. lugens used in this experiment was the susceptible population derived from the laboratory population. Application of deltamethrin on two and three consecutive generations increased nymphal mortality, the population of offspring produced by the surviving adults, and the ratio of treated and control females in producing the offspring. Increasing the frequency of application increased the ratio, and the females received three applications produced nymphs 2.65 times more than the control females. The two sublethal concentrations did not have significant impact on the above parameters. Furthermore, the interaction between concentration and frequency of application was absent. These findings suggest that several applications of deltamethrin at sublethal concentrations would contribute to the resurgence of N. lugens.

Detection Survey of Khapra Beetle in Stored Agricultural Products in Central Java Suciati Hadi Wuryaningsih; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11761

Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Evert (Celeoptera: Dermestidae) entered Central Java together with importation of stored products four decades ago. A survey was conducted to detect whether the Kaphra beetle existed in Central Java after they had been fumigated during commodity arrival. If the Kaphra beetle is absent, the data could be treated as the starting point toward declaring a pest free area (PFA) of Kaphra beetle in Central Java. The survey employed the procedure established in Australia, except this survey lasted for 11 months starting from April 2008 to February 2009. Insect traps (Trécé Incorporation, Oklahoma, USA) were placed in eight sites distributed in six districts identified as high risk for Kaphra beetle. The traps were substituted following the label. The traps were checked every 2–4 weeks making the total observations varying from 18–24 times, except one site (eight times). No Kaphra beetle was observed during this detection survey. This finding strongly suggests that Kaphra beetle is not present in Central Java. Survey should be continued to collect data sufficient to declare PFA of Kaphra beetle.

Perkembangan Populasi Empoasca sp. (Homoptera : Cicadelidae) di Kebun Teh Pagilaran Pachrudin Pachrudin; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Arman Wijonarko
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 13, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11812

Empoasca sp. was first reported as pest in West Java tea plantation in 1998. In 2000, this cicadellid was also found in Pagilaran tea plantation in Central Java. The aim of this research was to observe the preferences of Empoasca sp. to tea cultivars and the effect of altitude and climate factors to population dynamics of Empoasca sp. the result showed that Kiara 8 cultivar planted in 700 - 850 m asl was highly susceptible to Empoasca sp. The lowest population and the least damage was found in PS 1 cultivar which has leaves with the densest hair. Intensity of the rain-fall was likely to have higher impact to population of Empoasca sp. rather than humidity and temperature.

Susceptibility of The Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin CRY1AC Aye Kyawt Kyawt Ei; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11876

The larval susceptibility of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), to a Bacillus thuringiensis protein (Cry1Ac) was evaluated using insect feeding bioassays. The founding population of O. furnacalis was originally collected from the experimental station of UGM at Kalitirto and had been reared in the laboratory for three generations using an artificial diet “InsectaLf”. The tested instars were exposed on diets treated with a series of concentrations of Cry1Ac for one week. The LC50 values on the seventh day after treatment for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars were 7.79, 21.12, 113.66, and 123.17 ppm, respectively, showing that the higher the instars the lesser the susceptibility to Cry1Ac. When the neonates were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cry1Ac (0.0583, 0.116, and 0.5830 ppm), growth and development of the surviving larvae were inhibited. The fecundity and viability of females produced from treated larvae decreased with increasing the concentrations. These findings indicate that Cry1Ac is toxic to larva of O. furnacalis and has chronic effects to larvae surviving from Cry1Ac ingestion.

Ketertarikan Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae) pada Berbagai Limbah yang Mengandung Protein Dyah Rini Indriyanti; Edhi Martono; Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

There were ten processed wastes (molase, vinase, sludge, ciu, brem, tofu, milk, cacao, fish, and beer) used in these experiments. The experiments were conducted in two separated arrangements: no choice test and choice test. The no choice test was carried by testing the attractiveness of B. carambolae on each waste was compared with water. Each run consisted of four replication, for each replication consisted of 20 females and 20 males. The choice test was conducted by placing all wastes in a cage at the same time. Each run consisted of 15 replication, for each replication consisted of 100 females dan 100 males. The no choice test results showed that B. carambolae tend to visit waste more than water. The choice test results showed that B. carambolae tend to be more frequent visits to beer and cocoa waste. The content of protein inside the waste seemed to play role in attracting B. carambolae to come with.

Seleksi Resistansi Wereng Batang Padi Coklat terhadap Insektisida Fipronil Melhanah Melhanah; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Y. A. Trisyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12364

The rice brown planthoper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae), is one of key pests on rice. The use of insecticides unwisely has caused N. lugens to develop resistance. The objective of this research was to determine the potency of N. lugens to develop resistance through laboratory, selections to fipronil, a relatively new insecticide. A population of N. lugens was collected from rice field in Muntilan, Central Java during the outbreak in 2001. Selections were carried out every generation for four generations against third instars. Selection was started by dipping Cisadane rice seedlings in a solution of fipronil (50 ppm). The concentration was increased every generation, and the concentration used for the last selection (the fourth generation) was 250 ppm. To determine the rate of resistance development, biassays were carried out to estimate LC50 of fipronil against selected and non-selected populations of N. lugens, and their LC50 values were compared to that of the laboratory population. The laboratory population has been in the laboratory for 15 years without any insecticides exposure. The founding population was as susceptible as the laboratory population to fipronil because their LC50 values were similar. Even though the concentration for selections was increased from generation to generation, the survival rate of N. lugens increased steadily. After four generations of selection, the resistance of selected population was 27.3 times than the non-selected population. These findings indicate that N. lugens population has the potency to develop resistance to fipronil in a continuous selection pressure is applied.

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