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Analysis of Factors Influencing the Availability of Medicine During JKN Era Satibi Satibi; Ranowijaya Ranowijaya; Aswandi Aswandi; Junagsti Bermalam; Gunawan Pamudji Widodo
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 29 No 1, 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The availability of medicine is important during National Social Healthy Insurance (JKN) that put into effect in the hospital, one of health service facility. The purpose of this study was to look of the availability of medicines was during JKN era and what factors influence the availability in three Region General Hospitals in Sulawesi. This study was conducted using descriptive method of analytic to get a correlation among doctors, pharmacists and patients as independent variables toward the availability of medicine as dependent variable. The study has been performed in 3 hospitals in Sulawesi. This data obtained were analyzed using statistical model of Linier Regression Analysis with F test or ANOVA test and t test. R was the value of regression which showed the influence of one to another variable. The results showed the level of medicine availability in hospital A was 12.49 months. Factors that influence the availability of medicines were doctors (R=0.778, p= 0.000), pharmacists (R=0.619, p= 0.000) and patients (R=0.653, p= 0.000). All there factor significantly affect the availability of medicines in Hospital A (R=0.675, p=0.000). Hospital B had an excess supply of medicines, with the average of 23.31 month. Factors that influenced the availability of medicines in Hospital B was doctor (R=0.877), pharmacist (R=0.861) and patient (R=0.984) (p=0.000 all). From multiple regression there factors showed a significant correlation to the availability of medicines (R=0.901, p=0.000). Similarity on Hospital A and B, data of the availability of medicine in hospital C was categorized excess as the average of stock was 56.01 month. Factors that influenced the availability of medicines in Hospital C was doctor (R=0.753, p= 0.000), pharmacist (R=0.869, p= 0.000) and patient (R=0.545, p=0.001).

Differences of Implementation Pharmaceutical Care Standard with Potential Medication Errors Analysis at Several Hospital in Semarang Satibi Satibi; Vika Marin Y.W.; Sri Suwarni; Kuswardhani Kuswardhani
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 7, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.33251

The impact of not implementing good pharmacy service activities are the possiblility of medication errors in the pharmaceutical care process (Depkes, 2014). In fact, most hospitals do not perform pharmaceutical care activities as expected, given some constraints such as the ability of pharmacy, limited knowledge of the hospital management in functions of hospital pharmacy, policy of the hospital management, and the limited knowledge of the relevant parties about hospital pharmacy service. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia nomor 58 Tahun 2014 appeared as a pharmaceutical care standard. This study aims to determine differences of the implementation of pharmaceutical care standard with potential medication errors prescriptions in Government and Private Hospitals in the city of Semarang. The methode used is quasi experiment time approach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling on an outpatient prescriptions. Subjects were the outpatient prescription in government and private hospitals in Semarang. The analysis used in this study were bivariate analysis Chi square test results obtained administrative requirements x2count = 103,793 and p = 0.000, pharmaceutical requirements showed x2 count = 53,231 and p = 0.000, clinical requirements obtained x2 count = 259,515 and p = 0.000. Based on the three requirements medication errors in prior implementation of pharmaceutical care standard periods was significantly different to the classification of goverment and private hospitals.

Analysis of Outpatient Services at a Public Hospital in Yogyakarta using Lean Hospital Approach Rofi'atun Suryani; Wakhid Slamet Ciptono; Satibi Satibi
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 7, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.33252

Outpatient services are a reflection of hospital-provided services. A public hospital in Yogyakarta is leading to a new development by adding new facilities and buildings. Objective of this study is to identify the outpatient service outline, the location of the bottleneck and its causes to provide some suggestions of continuous improvement with Lean Hospital approach. This study was conducted on outpatient service department during November 2016 to April 2017. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Samples were taken by purposive technique using patient sample until it reached data saturation that is 61 respondents. Value Stream Mapping was used to identify outpatient service flow, waste and the location of the bottleneck. Fishbone Diagram was used to analyze the cause of the bottleneck. This research applied Baseline, Assess, and Suggest Solution from BASICS Method. The result shows the Total Cycle Time is 4,79 hours; Total Lead Time is 9,31 hours; and Total Waiting Time is 4,52 hours. Waste observed is as listed: waste of waiting, inventory, defect, transportation, motion, overproduction, overprocessing, and human potential. Bottleneck was located at the Outpatient Clinic, Outpatient Pharmacy, Laboratory, and Radiology. From the Fishbone Diagram the root causes of the problems are found and solutions are proposed to improve the performance in terms of: (1) Manpower, the employee working in the outpatient service, (2) Material, the infrastructure used for service, (3) Method, include management of service (Standard Operational Procedure), (4) Equipment, tools used in the outpatient service and (5) Environtment which is an area of the outpatient service include service area and waiting rooms.

Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Service and Management of Drug, Disposable Medical Supply, and Medical Equipment for Poned of Brebes Regency Doni Hendri; Satibi Satibi; Dwi Endarti
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 8, No 1
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.34436

Government regulations number 51 of 2009 and regulation of health minister number 74 year 2016 are the reference in conducting pharmaceutical care in PHC (Primary Health Care). The objectives of this research are: 1) Evaluate service, management, 2) Identify supporting, inhibiting factor, 3) Formulate solution to improve services, management of drug, disposable medical supply, and disposable medical equipment PONED Brebes district. Descriptive research was obtained by observation of LPLPO 22 PHC PONED 2016, evaluation of conformity with DOEN, national formulary, checklists, availability, adequacy, percentage and value damaged, expiration, out-of-stock duration, in-depth interview with head of the pharmaceutical section, head of maternal and child health, head of Brebes health office to identify supporting factors, inhibiting and formulating remedial solution Basic Priority Rating Scale (BPRS). Results of research showed that 1) service, drug management, disposable medical supply, disposable medical equipment by pharmacist was 54,55-59,09%, pharmacist technician was 27,27-31,82%, non-pharmacist was 13,64%, and clinical pharmacy services had not been fully implemented. Conformity of drug, disposable medical supply, disposable medical equipment with DOEN, Fornas, checklists, drug availability and adequacy with pharmacist were higher than pharmacy technician and non-pharmacist, in which it is not sufficient. Percentage of medication time span with low pharmacist from pharmacist technician and non-pharmacist; 2) Permenkes number 74 year 2016 became the supporting factor,of service, management, lacking of pharmacist, communication within PONED internals became the obstacle factor; and 3) solution for improvement including fulfillment of pharmacist at PHC PONED, evaluation upon planning, procurement at BLUD, requests to provincial health administrative, coaching and regular training. In general, drug services and management of drug, disposable medical supply, disposable medical equipment at PHC PONED in Brebes regency have not meet the predetermined standard.

The Effect of BPJS Service Quality Level and Patient Characteristics to Patient Satisfaction in Primary Health Facilities Yogi Bhakti Marhenta; Satibi Satibi; Chairun Wiedyaningsih
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 8, No 1
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.34438

Health services in the era of JKN are organized by all Health Facility in cooperation with BPJS. Patient satisfaction is a critical indicator whether a program is a success or not. Satisfaction is the pleasure of someone who comes from the comparison between a product or performance with expectations, if performance is below expectations then the customer is not satisfied. This study aims to determine the effect of membership, service, and financing of patient satisfaction with BPJS in Primary Health Facilities. This research is an analytical descriptive research with cross sectional survey design. The data was taken quantitatively by using questionnaires and completed with qualitative data through interviews to deepen the findings of the field. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling with inclusion criteria. The number of respondents samples used were 278 respondents and the sample of the study sites was determined by random sampling method including health center, clinic and pharmacy network. The data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis in the form of t test and F test. The result of research at Primary Health Facilities Regency showed that there was positive and significant influence to patient satisfaction of BPJS, including membership variable (p = 0,02), variable of service (p = 0,00), and financing variable (p = 0,00), while F test simultaneously also shows there are positive and significant influence to patient satisfaction BPJS with value (p = 0,00).

Performance Analysis of Pharmacist and Influencing Factors in the Era of National Healt Insurance at Puskesmas Satibi Satibi; Eliza Hanum Daulay; Gusti Ayu Oviani; Karina Erlianti; Achmad Fudholi; Dyah Ayu Puspandari
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 8, No 1
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.34441

Puskesmas is one of the first-rate health facilities that organizes National Health Insurance. Pharmacists, who are responsible for pharmacy at Puskesmas, must follow Pharmacy Service Standard at Health Center as stated in Minister of Health Regulation (MHR) no. 74 of 2016 to ensure patient safety, but in the implementation of pharmaceutical services in Puskesmas, it is not done according to the standard of performance in which pharmacists need to be done. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of performance with MHR No. 74 of 2016 and factors affecting performance. This research is an analytical descriptive research. Data were retrospectively retrieved through document search and completed with qualitative data through observation sheets. The study was conducted at Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta, Brebes Regency, and Banjarmasin City. The variables studied were performance conformity with MHR No. 74 of 2016 and the factors that affect the performance of pharmacists in Puskesmas are the characteristics of pharmacists (age, gender, education level, duration of practice and income). The data were analyzed descriptively for the appraisal of pharmacist performance, and the factors influencing the pharmacist's performance were analyzed statistically with independent sample t-test and One Way ANOVA. The number of respondents in this study was 18 pharmacists. The result showed that the pharmacist performance at health center as a whole was 82,97% (high) with achievement of pharmacist performance on drug management aspect and clinical pharmacy in high category that is 76,94% for drug management, and 89% for clinical pharmacy. From the results of this study, it is showed that the influences are the age factor, education, duration of practice, and income on the performance of pharmacists.

Evaluasi Perencanaan dan Distribusi Obat Program di Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Yuliana Boku; Satibi Satibi; Nanang Munif Yasin
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 9, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The development of the health sector is an important concern in the international commitments set out in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). One of the indicators is the availability and affordability of drugs. Therefore, good management of drugs is needed. This study aims to evaluate planning and distribution of drug programs in 2017 at the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Health Office and the factors that influence it. This study was conducted in September – October 2018. The programs’ drugs evaluated were for malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis and Humman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This is a descriptive research with quantitative data obtained retrospectively and qualitative data obtained through observations and interviews with interviewees selected by purposive sampling. The data was analyzed using indicators and then compared with the research results. The results showed that the planning and distribution of the drugs had not been fully in accordance with the standard. It was indicated that there were 8 indicators had not meet the standards, namely the accuracy of planning; planning irregularities; level of drug availability; percentage of drugs expired; percentage of deviations from drugs distributed; Inventory Turn Over Ratio (ITOR); average time of drug emptiness; the percentage of dead drug stock, and there were 7 indicators which had met the standars, namely the drug structuring system; the matching number of real goods with stock; organizational management; responsible person; the number of human resources; and financial and information systems. The factors that influence is team coordination; recording and reporting; and operational funds.

Analisis Kesuksesan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Puskesmas pada Pengelolaan Obat di Puskesmas Kabupaten Batang Rizza Fauziyah; Satibi Satibi; Eko Nugroho
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 10, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Every Public Health Center in all regions of Batang Regency has implemented a Public Health Center Management Information Systems (SIMPUS) in drug management since 2010 to accelerate access to the drug data, accelerate and improve the accuracy of prescription services, as well as provide accurate and timely information to support the planning, supply, and distribution processes. This study aims to analyze the level of success in the use of information management systems for drug management in the Batang District public health center in terms of user perceptions. This research is a descriptive quantitative analytic. The data from 29 respondents were collected using a questionnaire survey developed from the updated Delone and McLean success model. The quantitative analysis of the questionnaire uses a "Likert" attitude scale. Hypothesis testing is done to find out how the relationship and influence between variables using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis. Hypothesis testing used two-way probability with a significance level (α) of 5%, whereas the T-statistic value is more than 1.96, which means there is a significant influence between variables. The results showed that the relationship of system quality variable on system use, system quality on user satisfaction, and service quality on user satisfaction has a positive but not significant effect. The relationship of system use variables to user satisfaction has a negative and not significant effect. While the relationship between variable information quality on system use, information quality on user satisfaction, service quality on system use, system use on net benefit, and user satisfaction on net benefit has a positive and significant effect. It can be stated that the success of SIMPUS utilization as a whole in drug management in the Batang District Public Health Center is not optimal, it needs an improvement on the reliability and effectiveness of the system and the service quality to increase the level of utilization.

The Depiction of Antibiotic Use without Presciption and Community Attitudes Towards Drugstores that Refused to Sell Antibiotic without Prescription M Rifqi Rokhman; Satibi Satibi
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 9, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Antibiotic resistance causes reduced therapeutic effectiveness. Understanding of people's behavior plays an important role in countering antibiotic resistance especially by preventing irrational use of antibiotics. The purpose of the study was to depict the experience of respondents in using antibiotics without prescription and the relationship of characteristics of respondents with unwillingness to remain a customer at a pharmacy that had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. The study design applied cross-sectional using a questionnaire, and sampling was done by purposive sampling. Respondents were people who used antibiotics without a doctor's prescription. The survey was conducted in Yogyakarta in September-October 2018. The data were analyzed descriptively and used multivariate logistic regression. As many as 44.2% of the total 670 respondents used antibiotics the last time more than a year ago; 69.5% received information about antibiotics from previous treatments; 93.4% received antibiotics from pharmacies, and 69.2% stated that the most used antibiotic was amoxicillin. More than half (62.2%) of respondents were still willing to become customers at a pharmacy that had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. Respondents with high school education or lower as the latest education degree (OR = 1.513; 95% CI 1.017-2.252); from family income below the regional minimum wage (OR = 1.858; 95% CI 1.302-2.651), and from Sleman Regency (OR = 1.457; 95% CI 1.016-2.089) became a predictor of the unwillingness of respondents to become customers at a pharmacy who had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. Supervision of antibiotic (especially amoxicillin) in pharmacies and education to the community needs to be used as part of a strategy against irrational use of antibiotics. In addition, education needs to be given to pharmacists to reduce fears of decreased in the number of their customers because they refuse to deliver antibiotics without a prescription.

Pengendalian Persediaan Obat dengan Minimum-Maximum Stock Level di Instalasi Farmasi RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Titik Rahayu Indarti; Satibi Satibi; Endang Yuniarti
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 9, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Inappropriate inventory control of medicines in hospital can lead to shortage or over stock, which is a problem faced by Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the Minimum-Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) method on efficiency and effectivity of medicine inventory at Hospital Pharmacy Dr. Sardjito. A quasi experimental nonequivalent without control group design was applied, and purposive sampling was taken from retrospective data in January-June 2018 and the application of methods prospectively i.e. August-December 2018. Thirty-five types of medicines which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained, i.e. high cost, high volume, clinicaly important, and supply focus. These types of medicines were included in category A of ABC Pareto Analysis. The effect of minimum-maximum stock level method on inventory value, stock out value, and Inventory Turn Over Ratio (ITOR) was analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic. The effect of minimum-maximum stock level method on stock out incident was analysed using Mc Nemar Test statistic. This study found that minimum-maximum stock level method to impact the positively their efficiency of drug control marked by decreased of inventory value and ITOR ideal value. The effectiveness of drug control marked by decreased incidence of stock out in Hospital Pharmacy Departement Dr. Sardjito.

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