Yanti Lusiyanti
Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jalan Lebakbulus Raya No. 49, Pasar Jum’at, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia

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Evaluation of Chromosomal Aberrations and Micronuclei in Medical Workers Chronically Exposed to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Lusiyanti, Yanti; Kurnia, Iin; Suvifan, Viria Agesti; Sardini, Sardini; Purnami, Sofiati; Rahajeng, Nastiti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.12382

Abstract

Medical workers representing the group is the most consistently are exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation, prolonged low-level ionizing radiation can induce chromosomal aberrations (CAs). This study would evaluate the cytogenetic effect using the CAs based on dicentric, and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay on hospital workers. The exposed group dividedto Interventional and Diagnostic groups then compared to non exposed group. The accumulated absorbed doses calculated for the radiation workers were below 5mSv. Blood samples were obtained from 29 samples of medical workers , and 15 samples of control. The Study showed that the frequency of dicentric chromosomes both in exposed and control were not found. In case of micronuclei, the mean frequencies were observed in exposed group that was (19 6.22) and (16.25 6.04) respectively and the control group was (10.47.79). Frequency MN/1000 cell in the lymphocytes both in the two exposed group was relatively higher compared to control group. However the MN frequencies in all sample group was still in normal range . In this study chronic low radiation dose exposure in the hospital had no significant effect on chromosome aberration nor micronuclei. The benefit of the study is to enrich the potential usefulness of cytogenetic assay providing safety index in medical surveillance programs. The results suggest that education and retraining of staff concerning radiation safety guidelines need to be done to maintain the safety aspects of radiation.
The Cytogenetic Effects on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Cancer Patients After Radiation Therapy: Chromosome Aberrations and Micronuclei Lusiyanti, Yanti; Surniyantoro, Harry Nugroho Eko; Rahajeng, Nastiti; Suvifan, Viria Agesti; Purnami, Sofiati; Choridah, Lina
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 13, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.25264

Abstract

Individual responses to radiotherapy are often observed whether or not regimes with identical treatments were applied. Patient-related factors, the therapeutic process, and therefore the intrinsic factors of individual radiosensitivity are considered to be causing the variability of side effects. A preliminary evaluation was done on cytogenetic biomarkers found in cancer patients. The purpose of this present study was to assess the individual response of patients with cancers after radiation therapy. The sample obtained from 11 patients with different types of cancer as a case group and 12 people as a control group from a healthy volunteer. Blood samples were stimulated by an in vitro culture using phytohemagglutinin, and the cultures were assessed by using the Dicentric and Cytokinesis- Block Micronucleus (CBMN-) assay. These two methods were compared. The results showed that the overall dicentric chromosome and micronuclei in binucleate cells (MN/BNC) have a significantly higher frequency in the breast, head, and neck compared to extremity cancer. A high frequency of micronuclei in lymphocyte patients was seen after radiotherapy treatment but relatively not much higher compared to the range of micronuclei backgrounds in healthy people The CBMN is the most effective assay for evaluation of the cytogenetic studies in cancer patients because it is more radiosensitive to study individual responses. By evaluating the effects of radiotherapy based on DNA damage, the severity of radiation exposure can be studied. This study can be useful for researchers and related stakeholders in the application of radiotherapy.
Deteksi Pembentukan Mikronuklei Sel Darah Limfosit Akibat Paparan Radiasi Dosis Bertingkat pada Responden dengan Jenis Kelamin dan Usia Berbeda Purnami, Sri Wahyu; Anggraito, Yustinus Ulung; Syaifudin, Mukh; Lusiyanti, Yanti
Life Science Vol 7 No 2 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Mikronuklei merupakan penanda yang baik dari paparan genotoksik pada manusia dan merupakan indikator dari ketidakstabilan kromosom. Pada proses pembentukan mikronuklei (MN) dengan teknik cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN), sitokinesis diblok dengan sitokalasin B, sehingga dapat mengidentifikasi fragmen (patahan) kromosom pada tahap mitosis menjadi MN. Frekuensi terbentuknya MN dipengaruhi oleh dosis radiasi, jenis kelamin, usia, dan gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktorial, dengan tiga faktor variabel bebas yaitu paparan dosis radiasi sinar X, usia pendonor, dan jenis kelamin pendonor. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan dosis radiasi sinar X sebesar 0 Gy, 0,5 Gy, 2 Gy, dan 4 Gy. Sel darah limfosit diperoleh dari responden laki-laki dan perempuan pada usia 26-35 tahun, 36-45 tahun, dan 46-55 tahun, ada satu sampel pada masing-masing usia. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis varians tiga faktor, uji normalitas dan homogenitas dengan anava menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistic 20 for Windows. Diperoleh hasil F hitung > F tabel (5%) pada perlakuan dosis radiasi terhadap frekuensi pembentukan MN, usia, jenis kelamin, dosis radiasi dengan usia, dosis radiasi dengan jenis kelamin, dosis radiasi dengan usia dengan jenis kelamin. Diartikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan frekuensi MN yang signifikan berdasarkan perlakuan dosis radiasi sinar X, usia, dan jenis kelamin. F hitung < F tabel (5%) pada perlakuan usia dengan jenis kelamin, diartikan bahwa usia dengan jenis kelamin tidak saling berinteraksi tanpa adanya dosis radiasi, sehingga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap frekuensi pembentukan MN. Micronuclei is a good marker of exposure to genotoxic in humans and is an indicator of chromosomal instability. In the process of forming micronuclei (MN) with the technique of cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN), cytokinesis blocked by sitokalasin B, so as to identify fragments (break) chromosomes in mitosis phase becomes MN. The frequency of MN formation is affected by the radiation dose, sex, age, and lifestyle. This study design was a randomized complete group factorial, with three independent variables that factor exposure dose of X-ray radiation, donor age, and sex of the donor. The treatment in this study using X-ray radiation doses of 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy and 4 Gy. Blood cell lymphocytes obtained from respondents men and women at the age of 26-35 years, 36-45 years and 46-55 years, there is one sample at each age. The analysis is the analysis of variance of three factors, normality and homogeneity test with anava used IBM SPSS Statistics 20 for Windows. The results obtained F value>F table (5%) in the treatment of radiation doses to the formation of MN frequency, age, gender, age radiation dose, radiation dose by gender, age radiation dose by gender. Means that there are significant differences in the frequency of MN which is based on X-ray radiation dose treatment, age, and gender. F value<F table (5%) in the treatment of age by sex, mean that the age of the same sex do not interact in the absence of radiation dose, so no significant effect on the frequency of MN formation.