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Pengaruh Kadar Selulosa Pelepah Sawit Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) Yusnila Halawa; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Cellulose is one of components that contained in palm frond fibers. Cellulose is a polymer which has a molecular average weight, polydispersity and has a long chain that is used as supporting material in manufacturing Wood Plastic Composite (WPC). The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of palm midrib cellulose content to the properties and morphology of WPC. WPC samples prepared by the method of melt blending the fibers of palm midrib (SPS), polypropylene (PP), Maleated polypropylene (MAPP), and paraffin for 1 hour at a temperature of 170 ° C and a rotor speed of 80 rpm using the Internal Mixer. The size of the palm frond fibers used are 40 mesh with the composition of the SPS / PP is 50/50 and 30/70. While the ratio comparison MAPP / cellulose is 0%, 2% and 5% and the cellulose of 41.86%, 52.86% and 56.24%. The test includes testing of the mechanical properties are tensile strength and flexural strength, while physical properties include density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling. Test of morphology using a scanning electron microscopy. The test results showed that the best mechanical properties resulting in a ratio SPS / PP 50/50, cellulose MAPP 0% and 56.24%, with a tensile strength of 10.1 MPa and 27.0 MPa flexural strength. While the physical properties testing are the highest density of 1.511 gr/cm3, best absorption at 0.05%, the water content of 0.01% and a thickness swelling of 0.05%.Keywords: maleated polypropylene, morphology, polypropylene, cellulose, wood plastic composite

Pengaruh Nisbah Dan Suhu Pencampuran Terhadap Karakteristik Campuran Aspal Karet Alam Kompo (Cup Lump) Yanny Sartika; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Asphalt modified polymer (AMP) is used to increase the resistance of asphalt to changes in temperature by increasing the stiffness of the binder/binder at high temperatures and reducing stiffness at low temperatures at the same time. This study aims to study the effect of ratio and temperature of rubber cup lump on the characteristics of asphalt and determine the ratio and temperature of the best rubber cup lump for the manufacture of asphalt modified polymer. The asphalt used type of bitumen pen 60/70 Pertamina. Asphalt modified polymer is made by mixing cup lump with asphalt at a mixing temperature of 150 oC and 170 oC for 30 minutes. Cup lump ratio varied by 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%. Testing for modified asphalt includes parameters: penetration, softening point, weight loss and stability of the Marshall. Testing is in accordance with the 2012 Bina Marga General Specifications standard. Based on the research results obtained, the best ratio and temperature is 12% and mixing temperature 170 oC with a penetration value of 52.4 dmm, softening point of 63.55 oC, weight loss of 0.068 and the stability of the Marshall is 1904.4 kg.Keywords: asphalt modified, cup lump, ratio, stability, temperature

Sintesa Surfaktan Ramah Lingkungan Metil Ester Sulfonat Dari Palm Oil Methyl Ester Menggunakan Natrium Metabisulfit Dan Katalis Aluminium Oksida Suhendri Suhendri; Nirwana Nirwana; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Surfactants is surface active agents that can reduce interfacial tension between the two materials in the form of liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, or liquid-gas. Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) is one type of anionic surfactant which has advantages in terms of detergency, resistant to hardness, renewable and eco-friendly. Methyl Ester Sulfonate produced by the process of sulfonation between Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME) and sulfonation agent sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) with a catalyst of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). This study aims to make a methyl ester sulfonate by using variations mole ratio and reaction time. Sulfonation process was performed using palm oil methyl ester and sulfonation agent sodium metabisulfite Compounds with variations mole ratio of 1:0.5; 1:1; 1:1.5 and variation reaction time 3; 4.5 and 6 hours. The catalyst was aluminum oxide 1% w/w POME. Sulfonation process was in 100 °C with 450 stirring speed. After a reaction time had been reached, the product was washed by water and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The result showed the best products on the use the mole ratio of 1:1.5 with a reaction time of 4.5 hours. analysis of physical-chemical properties of products shows that the MES pH value of 2.80, the density of 0.8736 g/mol, 2.1244 cp viscosity, surface tension decrease of 25.10 dyne/cm of 71.40 dyne/cm to 46.30 dyne/cm, decrease interfacial tension of water - xylene of 6.80 dyne/cm of 35.80 dyne/cm 29.00 dyne/cm with a value of 88.33% emulsion stability.Keyword: Anionic Surfactants, Methyl Ester Sulfonate

Polimerisasi Ester Dari Asam Lemak Sawit Destilat (ALSD) Dengan Menggunakan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida 0,2 % Liendra Juniarti; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Palm Fatty Acid distillate (ALSD) as a byproduct the processing of palm oil has great potential to be used as raw material oil-based polymers. The aims of this research to study the process polymerization of ester from ALSD using initiator (benzoyl peroxide) 0.2%. The stage process consisted of three phases. The esterification stage was done at temperatur 70° C, reaction time of 120 minutes, reactant ratio 1: 8 (ALSD: methanol), concentration of catalyst (H2SO4) 1% (w/w) PFAD; polymerization stage was done at temperature 120, 130, and 140 ° C, concentration of initiator (benzoyl peroxide) 0.2% (w/w) and variation of polymerization reaction time 3, 4, and 5 hours, and polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200° C, ratio of reactants 1: 1 (polymerized methyl ester: ethylene glycol), and the reaction time of 4 hours. The results of polymerization was analyzed by using viscosity test, FT-IR and GCMS. The highest viscosity was 25,58 mPa.s at temperature 130° C and 5 hours. The result using FT-IR showed that the polymerization process was unsuccessful, this was indicated by the presence of the vinyl group. The result of GCMS showed there had been molecular weight addition in polymerization process, that was only twice the initial molecular weight.Keywords: benzoyl peroxide, esterification, palm fatty acid distillate, polymerization.

Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composite Berbasis Pelepah Sawit/Polietilen Dengan Kompatibiliser Maleic Anhydride Dan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida Wahyu Suci Rahmani; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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The low compatibility between thermoplastic and wood components is a major problem in the manufacture of wood plastic composite. Compatibilities used such as maleic anhydride is useful to increase the value of the mechanical and physical properties of the WPC. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the composition palm frond/polyethyleneand maleic anhydride on the properties and morphology of wood plastic composite. The composition of palm frond/polyethylene used is 50/50, 60/40, 70/30 with a mixture of 2% paraffin additive, maleic anhydride (MAH) 3%, 4%, 5%, and benzoyl peroxide 1% of the weight of MAH. The process of mixing fillers, matrices, and additives uses an Internal MixerLabo Plastomill at temperature of 145oC and rotor speed of 80 rpm. The sample was then pressed using a hot press at a temperature of 145oC and a pressure of 100 kgf/cm2. Composites produced were tested including characterization of functional groups, morphological conditions, physical properties and mechanical properties. The results showed that the addition of filler and maleic anhydride composition had a relatively significant effect. The best WPC material is found in the variation palm frond/polyethylene60/40 and MAH 5% with a density value of 1.19 gr/cm3, water content of 0.16%, water absorption capacity of 0.41%, swelling thickness of 0.11%, tensile strength of 18.664 MPa, elastic modulus of 2175.9 MPa, and flexural strength of 35.05 MPa.Keywords: benzoyl peroxide, maleic anhydride, palm stem, wood plastic composite

Sintesis Biosurfaktan Dari Metil Ester Lemak Ayam : Pengaruh Rasio Mol Metil Ester Lemak Ayam Dengan Trietanolamin Dan Jumlah Katalis KOH Rahmat Setiawan; Irdoni Irdoni; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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The surfactant is a substance which has the ability to reduce surface tension, interface tension, and increase the stability of an emulsion. The Surfactant is an intermediate product which is widely applied in the fields of health, pharmacy, industry, and cleaning products in the household. This study makes biosurfactant from chicken fat. The purpose of this study is to make biosurfactants from chicken fat, to see the effect of mole ratio chicken fat methyl ester with trietanolamine and amount catalyst of KOH on the biosurfactant characterization produced. The preliminary treatment in this study includes preparation of raw materials, extraction of chicken fat by oven method, the degumming process using phosphoric acid at temperature 90°C for 1 hour, gum separation by centrifuge. The transesterification process of methyl ester formation with a mole ratio of oil: methanol 1 : 9, KOH catalyst as much as 2%(b/b) of oil, at temperature 65°C for 6 hours. In the final stage, the transesterification process of chicken fat methyl ester and trietanolamine with operating condition of time is 4 hours and temperature 150°C and agitation speed 200 rpm. The transesterification process with mole ratio variation TEA : chicken fat methyl ester 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 4 and amount of catalyst variation 3%, 5% and 7%. The best characteristics of biosurfactant were produced at mole ratio 1 : 2, KOH catalyst 3% with the density of 0,922 gr/ml, the pH 9,8, the surface tension of 33,54%, the interface tension of 29,29%, the emulsion stability of 98%, the yield 76,45%, and FT-IR test to ascertain amine functional groups in biosurfactant.Keyword : Biosurfactant, chicken fat, transesterification, triethanolamine

Pengaruh Komposisi Katalis H-Zeolit Dan Suhu Reaksi Pada Proses Pembuatan Fatty Acid Alkyl Ester Dari Minyak Limbah Ikan Patin Dan Isooktanol Randi Farlindo; Nirwana Nirwana; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Fatty acid alkyl esters found in nature in the form of esters of glycerol with fatty acids or hydroxyl groups are also formed with the phosphate ester such as phospholipids, the usual method used to form fatty acid alkyl ester is by esterification, interesterification, alcoholysis and asidolisis. Transeterifikasi reaction is a reaction between oils (triglycerides) to produce alcohol Fatty acid alkyl esters. One commercial product is the plasticizer. Plasticizers from bio-oil production is still very limited, it is necessary to develop a bio-oil-based plasticizers. In this research, the synthesis of plasticizers by transesterification reaction using an activated natural zeolite catalysts to H-zeolite, with variations in temperature (140 oC, 160 oC and 180 oC) and the composition of the H-zeolite (10%, 15%, and 20%) weight-based waste oil catfish, with a fixed variable is the molar ratio of 1:6, the reaction time of 6 hours and stirring speed 200 rpm .. Transesterification of the test results showed that the temperature and composition of the H- zeolite catalysts affect reaction rates for the reaction to reach equilibrium. The best operating conditions obtained in this study is 160 oC temperature, catalyst composition 15%, stirring speed 200 rpm and reaction time 6 hours reaction resulting in a conversion of 23.4%. Characteristics of plasticizers produced in this study meets the standards of commercial plasticizers viscosity 8.33 mPa s, Specific Gravity (30 oC) 0.85 and saponification number is 137.308 mgKOH / grSampel.

Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Limbah Minyak Ikan Patin Menggunakan Reaktor Membran Silvia Rahmi; Syarfi Syarfi; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Membrane reactor is an alternative technology is used to produce of biodiesel, one of the advantages of the reaction and separation process takes place in a single stage simultaneous. This research aims to study the effect of the variation of the catalyst and mole ratio feed catfish oil - methanol in biodiesel production, transesterification process in a membrane reactor with a variation of the mole ratio of catfish oil - methanol 1:10, 1:14, and 1:18, the concentration of the base catalyst 0,5% -wt, 1% -wt and 1,5% -wt, pressure transmembrane 1 and 2 bar and a temperature of 60 oC process. The results showed biodiesel production using membrane reactor reached 93,89 % yield on the condition of the mole ratio of 1:14 with a concentration of 1,5 %-wt, characteristics of biodiesel produced meets the quality standards of biodiesel in Indonesia including biodiesel, density 857,3 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of biodiesel is 5.6 mm2/s, Flash Point 145 °C, Acid Number 0.549 mg-KOH/g, Cetane Number 53,72.Keywords : biodiesel, catfish oil, transesterification

Pembuatan Trikalsium Fosfat Berpori Menggunakan Metode Protein Foaming -Starch Consolidation Dengan Variasi Rasio Bahan Baku Dalam Slurry Dan Temperatur Pengeringan Wan Elsa Novtari Adiani; Ahmad Fadli; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Porous tricalcium phospate has been widely used in the implantation of bone tissue. Protein foaming-consolidation method is a technique for production of porous tricalcium phosphate using egg white as pore creating agent. The purpose of this research was to investigate variation of the ratio of egg white in slurry and drying temperature effects on physical, and chemical of porous TCP by using protein foaming-consolidation method. This research was started by mixing 7 grams of TCP powder, 2 grams of starch, 1,5 grams Darvan 821A, with 5 grams of egg white, 7 grams of egg white and 9 grams of egg white. The slurries were stirred at 150 rpm for 3 hours. Then, the slurries were cast in a cylindrical stainless steel mold and heated at 180°C, 200°C, and 220°C for 1 hour. Subsequently, dried samples were demolded. Next, samples were burned at 600°C for an hour. For the final steps, samples were sintered at 1100°C for 2 hours. Number of egg white and drying temperature increased result in porosity increased and compressive strength of porous tricalcium phospate decreased. This research resulted in porous TCP with 67,6%-78,13% porosity and the compressive strength was 0,14-1,4 MPa.Keyword : compressive strength, egg white, porosity, tricalcium phosphate

Sintesis Katalis Perovskite Komposit CeFeO3/SBE Dengan Metode Sol-Gel Untuk Proses Degradasi Fotokatalitik Pewarna Tekstil Methylene Blue Marihot Danield Vyendri Simatupang; Edy Saputra; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Perovskite catalyst composite of cerium ferrite (CeFeO3) have been successfully prepared via assembling mesoporous CeFeO3 on the surface of spent bleaching earth (SBE) with citricacid assisted sol-gel method. Physical properties were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption (BET), absorbanceof oxidation samples were analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometer measurement. The activity of CeFeO3/SBE catalyst was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation ofmethylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation. Effect the type of supports (SBE extraction and calcination resulted), catalyst concentrations (0.5-1.5 g/L), pH(5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0) and initial concentrations of MB (10-40 mg/L) were investigated in this research. Result indicating that CeFeO3/SBE extraction exhibited remarkablephotocatalytic degradation activity with the overall removal of MB up to 99.20% within 135 minutes at the conditions of 10 mg/L methylene blue, 1.0 g/L catalyst and pH 7 (neutral).Therefore, the CeFeO3/SBE is a very promising photocatalyst in future industrial application to treat effectively wastewater of dyes.Keywords: cerium ferrite, methylene blue, perovskite, photocatalytic, wastewater

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