Nani Nurrachman
Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya

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PSIKOLOGI PEREMPUAN:KONTEKSTUALISASI DAN KONSTRUKTIVISME DALAM PSIKOLOGI (WOMEN PSYCHOLOGY: CONTEXTUALISATION AND CONSTRUCTIVISM IN PSYCHOLOGY) Nurrachman, Nani
Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia Vol 7, No 1 (2010): VOL 7, NO 1 (2010)
Publisher : Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia

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Abstract

Diskusi dan perdebatan tentang kedudukan psikologi perempuan dalam ilmu psikologi hingga kini masih terus berlangsung. Secara akademik, masih ada pertanyaan apakah perlu psikologi perempuan diajarkan tersendiri/terpisah dari psikologi arus utama yang selama ini diajarkan. Secara kualitatif pengalaman hidup perempuan berbeda dengan pengalaman hidup laki-laki. Perilaku preskriptif lingkungan sosiokultural yang dikenakan kepada perempuan merupakan keniscayaan peran budaya yang inheren dalam membentuk perilaku perempuan. Dengan demikian, interpretasi terhadap berbagai gejala perilaku perempuan perlu dipahami secara kontekstual. Psikologi perempuan tidak cukup hanya dideskripsikan melalui suatu penjelasan (eksplanasi) tetapi juga harus mencakup pemahaman diri dalam konteks sosial-budayanya dari sudut perempuan yang mengalaminya. Hal ini disebabkan karena perilaku perempuan merupakan hasil interrelasi dan dialektika antara aspek biopsikologis dengan aspek psikososiokulturalnya. Berbagai studi psikologi perempuan yang ada dalam konteks sosial budaya Indonesia dipaparkan di sini untuk memperkuat argumentasi tersebut di atas.Kata kunci: aspek biospsiko-sosiokultural, psikologi perempuan, perilaku perempuanThe status of the psychology of women, especially in Indonesia, has been and is still greatly debated whether or not it should be taught as a separate subject in the curriculum which is still based on mainstream psychology. Women’s different biopsychological make up which molds her life experience and the way she constructs herself as well as her behaviour is what makes the psychological study of women should be distinct from that of men. Simply because she is a woman, social cultural factors play a significant influence on the way she views herself and others as well as the way others view her. For this reason, it is not enough to explain the biopsychological essence of women, but it also needs to understand her existence based on how she constructs her world and herself. Various psychological studies of women, including those conducted in the context of Indonesian culture are presented here to support this argument.Key words: psychology of women, biopsychological-sociocultural, women’s behaviour
MAKNA KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA ETNIS JAWA, MINANG, DAN TIONGHOA: SEBUAH STUDI REPRESENTASI SOSIAL Sutanto, Okki; Nurrachman, Nani
Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat
Publisher : Konsorsium Psikologi Ilmiah Nusantara (KPIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (431.314 KB) | DOI: 10.24854/jpu12018-75

Abstract

Abstract — The important link between culture and entrepreneurship has often been overlooked by psychological research on entrepreneurship. The present study explores the meaning of entrepreneurship among three ethnic groups in Indonesia: Javanese, Minangese, and Chinese. Using the perspective of social representation theory, especially the structural approach, this study employs the mixed-method design. By using quantitative approach with Hierarchized Evocation method on 122 subjects the attributes and structure of entrepreneurship’s social representation were discovered. The central core elements of the Javanese were autonomy and hard work, the Minangese were trading, products, capital, and autonomy, and for the Chinese were strategy and management and hard work. The qualitative approach using interview conducted on 11 entrepreneurs found that each ethnic group views entrepreneurship differently. The different views manifested on several aspects such as the motivation to start a business, the important values and views regarding entrepreneurship. Some attributes which were found to be unique for each ethnic were honesty and nrimo for the Javanese, observance to religion and belongingness to one’s hometown for the Minangese, and creativity and patience for the Chinese.Abstrak — Pentingnya kaitan budaya dalam kewirausahaan belum banyak digali oleh penelitian Psikologi di bidang kewirausahaan. Studi ini mengeksplorasi pemaknaan kewirausahaan pada tiga etnis di Indonesia yakni Jawa, Minang, dan Tionghoa, dengan menggunakan perspektif representasi sosial, khususnya pendekatan struktural. Desain penelitian mixed-method digunakan dalam studi ini. Pada pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik Hierarchized Ecovation pada 122 responden berhasil memetakan atribut dan struktur representasi sosial tentang kewirausahaan. Pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara pada 11 responden menemukan perbedaan pemaknaan kewirausahaan termanifestasi dalam tiga hal yakni alasan berwirausaha, nilai dan hal yang dianggap penting dalam berwirausaha, dan proses pelestarian nilai-nilai kewirausahaan. Ditemukan bahwa central core pada etnis Jawa adalah kemandirian dan kerja keras, sedang pada etnis Minang adalah berdagang, produk, modal, dan kemandirian, dan pada etnis Tionghoa adalah strategi dan manajemen serta kerja keras. Sejumlah atribut yang menjadi kekhasan masing-masing etnis yakni kejujuran dan nrimo pada etnis Jawa, kesalehan pada agama dan kecintaan pada kampung halaman pada etnis Minang, serta kreativitas dan kesabaran pada etnis Tionghoa.
REPRESENTASI SOSIAL TENTANG MAKNA MALU PADA GENERASI MUDA DI JAKARTA Giawa, E. Constant; Nurrachman, Nani
Jurnal Psikologi Vol 17, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (430.869 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jp.17.1.77-86

Abstract

This study aims to find out the meaning of shame in the young generation of Jakarta. Shame as one of the basic emotions, continues to evolve according to the age level and social changes that occur. The theory used is social representation theory with approach of social representation structure that will find central core and peripheral element of shame. This study used mixed method design: quantitative method with hierarchized evocation technique and qualitative method by conducting interview. The hierarchized evocation technique was performed on 252 participants using a questionnaire. While interviews were conducted on 13 participants which explore further about the shame. Participants were obtained by using snowball and accidental sampling technique, with the criteria as followed: students, at least fifth semester and maximum age is 25. The results show that the meaning of shame in Jakarta young generation is related to self-doubt, events that lead to negative judgment, unideal physical appearance, violation of moral principles and mismatch on etiquette. These five attributes are very strongly attached to the collective memory of the younger generation.
Makna kewirausahaan pada etnis Jawa, Minang, dan Tionghoa: Sebuah studi representasi sosial Sutanto, Okki; Nurrachman, Nani
Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology Vol 5 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Konsorsium Psikologi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24854/jpu73

Abstract

The important link between culture and entrepreneurship has often been overlooked by psychological research on entrepreneurship. The present study explores the meaning of entrepreneurship among three ethnic groups in Indonesia: Javanese, Minangese, and Chinese. Using the perspective of social representation theory, especially the structural approach, this study employs the mixed-method design. By using quantitative approach with Hierarchized Evocation method on 122 subjects the attributes and structure of entrepreneurship’s social representation were discovered. The central core elements of the Javanese were autonomy and hard work, the Minangese were trading, products, capital, and autonomy, and for the Chinese were strategy and management and hard work. The qualitative approach using interview conducted on 11 entrepreneurs found that each ethnic group views entrepreneurship differently. The different views manifested on several aspects such as the motivation to start a business, the important values and views regarding entrepreneurship. Some attributes which were found to be unique for each ethnic were honesty and nrimo for the Javanese, observance to religion and belongingness to one’s hometown for the Minangese, and creativity and patience for the Chinese.
National Identity as Predicted by Ethnic Identity and Social Distance with Multiculturalism as Mediator: A Study Involving Chinese Indonesian Students in Jakarta Suryani, Angela Oktavia; Setiadi, Bernadette; Nurrachman, Nani; Panggabean, Hana; Wibawa, Dhevy Setya
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 23, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

As a large multiethnic country, Indonesia has limited studies regarding factors that may influence the national identity of Indonesians of Chinese descent. This study examined the relations between four variables—ethnic identity, multiculturalism, social distance, and Indonesian national identity—between Chinese (n = 159) and non-Chinese Indonesian university students (n = 158) in Jakarta. A multiple-group path analysis was conducted to analyze data from Chinese and non-Chinese samples. The results revealed that structural covariance invariance was the best fit, describing ethnic identity’s direct prediction of national identity and social distance’s indirect prediction of national identity, fully mediated by multiculturalism. The mean score comparisons showed that both groups exhibited higher national identity than ethnic identity. A context of living in a global urban-metropolitan city may influence identity formation.