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In vitro slow-release urea characteristics under different molasses levels contained in rice straw based diets Kardaya, D.; Wiryawan, K.G.; Parakkasi, A.; Winugroho, H.M.
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Slow-release urea characteristics of zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea were examined using in vitro techniques. The objective of this experiment was to study the in vitro slow-release urea characteristics of zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea under different molasses concentrations in relation to the ruminal fermentative changes observed in different incubation time. The experimental design employed was randomized block design with a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement plus a control treatment, and conducted in two replications. Factors were various urea sources (urea, zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea) and molasses concentrations (0%, 6%, and 12%) in rice straw based diets. The control treatment was rice straw based diet containing neither urea nor molasses. Diets consisted of 45% rice straw and 55% concentrates (DM basis) were formulated to have similar N and TDN levels. Responses of parameters measured were subjected to MANOVA using the GLM procedure of SPSS 16.00 and differences among mean values, if applicable, were examined using HSD-test. Orthogonal comparisons were used to determine the effects of control treatment vs. various urea sources following significance for the two-factor ANOVA model. Results indicated that zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea under different molasses concentrations contained in rice straw based diets decreased ruminal ammonia up to 48 hours incubation, controlled total VFA level and pH values revealed from lower NH3:VFA ratio, and improved both in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradabilities. The best impact of the in vitro slow-release urea characteristics of zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea on the ruminal fermentative changes (NH3, VFA, pH, DMD, OMD) was well attributed to the diets contained 6% molasses. Key words: Slow-Release Urea, Molasses, Rice Straw, In Vitro

Blood Profile of Beef Cattle offered Mulberry Leave Meal to Substitute Feed Concentrate S. Syahrir; K. G. Wiryawan; A. Parakkasi; M. Winugroho
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of mulberry leave meal to substitute concentrate in rice straw based ration on blood profiles of Ongole crossbreed cattle. This experiment was carried out according to completely randomized design consisted of 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P1 (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate), P2 (50% rice straw + 25% concentrate + 25% mulberry leave meal), and P3 (50% rice straw + 50% mulberry leave meal). Parameters measured were blood profiles, i.e. blood glucose, blood cholesterol and blood HDL. The results showed that substitution of concentrate with mulberry leave meal significantly reduced (P<0.05) blood glucose and increased blood cholesterol and HDL. It is concluded that mulberry leave meal can be used to substitute concentrate and give a positive effect on glucose, cholesterol,and HDL contents of blood.

Potency of 1 - deoxynojirimycin Compounds for Slowed Hydrolysis of Various Carbohydrates by Raw Enzymes of the Rumen Liquid S. Syahrir; F. K. Tangdilintin; K. G. Wiryawan; A. Parakkasi; M. Winugroho
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Vol. 1 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

Compound of 1- deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in the mulberry leave extract (MLE) potentially hamper the hydrolysis process of various carbohydrates. This experiment aimed to study dynamic concentration of reductive sugar resulted from the hydrolysis of various carbohydrates by raw enzymes of the rumen liquid, with or without the addition of mulberry leave extract containing 1-deoxynojirimycin. Materials tested are maltose, sucrose, starch and cellulose. The result of the experiment showed that the addition of mulberry leave extract on the media with the substrate of maltose hampered the activity of maltase. It was concluded that MLE containing DNJ can be used as an agent of slow release mechanism of non-structural carbohydrates, especially maltose, in the rumen system.

Test on Emerita analoga as Cholesterol Reducing Agent on Mus musculus BALB/C D. Kardaya; T. N. Ralahalu; . Zubir; M. Purba; A. Parakkasi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Vol. 1 No. 2 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

A reasonable effort to reduce cholesterol content of meat could be done by ration manipulation. Sea animals are known having high free fatty acid of omega 3 and 6 series. These nutrients could reduce meat cholesterol level if included in ration. The study aimed to reveal the effect of various level of sand crab (Emerita analoga) powder supplemented in ration on performances and meat cholesterol level of Mus musculus balb/c mouse. Thirty two mice, consisted of 16 male and 16 female of a 28-day old, were fed on one of four different rations with four replications in a factorial arrangement according to completely randomized design. The rations contained isoprotein and isoenergy but with different level of sand crab powder, i.e. 0, 12.5, 25, and 37.5% of the ration dry matter. The mice were treated for five weeks and each week body weight or orts was measured. At the end of experimental period, the mice were slaughtered and carcassed and each of the right leg was sampled for meat cholesterol analysis. The data collected were analyzed with analyzes of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test was applied to separate the different means of each treatment. In addition, a polynomial orthogonal regression was applied to predict optimal level of sand crab supplementation. Result of the study revealed that experimental ration affected (P<0.05) feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, and meat cholesterol level. Moreover, feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion were affected (P<0.01) by sex of the mouse. Meanwhile, meat cholesterol level was not affected by sex. The experimental rations containing 25% of sand crab powder resulted in the best performances of the mouse and the optimal level predicted from polynomial graph was 23.02%.

The Effect of Giving Sago Waste, Shrimp Waste and its Combination on Cholesterol Level and Growth of White Rat T. N. Ralahalu; . Kartiarso; A. Parakkasi; K. G. Wiryawan; R. Priyanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Vol. 1 No. 3 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar

Cholesterol is very beneficial for the body but it needs attention when its level is increasing in the blood. The objective of the study was to determine cholesterol level and growth rate of white rat fed on ration containing sago waste, shrimp waste and their combinations. Fourty males Spraque dowley rats, aged two months with average body weight was 195.62 g, were randomly assigned to one of ten experimental treatments according to completely randomised design with four replication for each treatment. The treatments were R0 (control diet), ASA 20 LU 0 (20% sago waste and 0% shrimp waste), ASA 0 LU 10 (0% sago waste and 10% shrimp waste), ASA 17.5 LU 2.5 (17.5% sago waste and 2.5% shrimp waste), ASA 15 LU 5 % (15% sago waste and 5% shrimp waste), ASA 12.5 LU 7.5 (12.5% sago waste and 7.5% shrimp waste), ASA 10 LU 10 (10% sago waste and 10% shrimp waste), ASA 7.5 LU 12.5 (7.5% sago waste and 12.5% shrimp waste), ASA 5 LU 15 (5% sago waste and 15% shrimp waste %), ASA 2.5 LU 17.5 (2.5% sago waste and 17.5% shrimp waste).Variables measured included feed intake, live weight gain, plasma cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride and meat cholesterol. The results showed that treatments had no (P>0.05) effects on feed intake, live weight gain, feed efficiency, plasma HDL and LDL as well as meat cholesterol. However significant differences (P<0.01) were found on plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride due to treatment. The lowest levels of plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride were observed for treatment ASA 15 LU which were 45.95 mg/dl and 43.81 mg/dl,crespectively. It can be concluded that levels of sago waste, shrimp waste and the combinations in the ration do not affect feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, plasma HDL, plasma LDL and meat cholesterol but it affected plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol of rat.

In vitro slow-release urea characteristics under different molasses levels contained in rice straw based diets D. Kardaya; K.G. Wiryawan; A. Parakkasi; H.M. Winugroho
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 14, No 3 (2009): SEPTEMBER 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Slow-release urea characteristics of zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea were examined using in vitro techniques. The objective of this experiment was to study the in vitro slow-release urea characteristics of zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea under different molasses concentrations in relation to the ruminal fermentative changes observed in different incubation time. The experimental design employed was randomized block design with a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement plus a control treatment, and conducted in two replications. Factors were various urea sources (urea, zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea) and molasses concentrations (0%, 6%, and 12%) in rice straw based diets. The control treatment was rice straw based diet containing neither urea nor molasses. Diets consisted of 45% rice straw and 55% concentrates (DM basis) were formulated to have similar N and TDN levels. Responses of parameters measured were subjected to MANOVA using the GLM procedure of SPSS 16.00 and differences among mean values, if applicable, were examined using HSD-test. Orthogonal comparisons were used to determine the effects of control treatment vs. various urea sources following significance for the two-factor ANOVA model. Results indicated that zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea under different molasses concentrations contained in rice straw based diets decreased ruminal ammonia up to 48 hours incubation, controlled total VFA level and pH values revealed from lower NH3:VFA ratio, and improved both in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradabilities. The best impact of the in vitro slow-release urea characteristics of zinc-urea, zeolites-urea, and zeolites-zinc-urea on the ruminal fermentative changes (NH3, VFA, pH, DMD, OMD) was well attributed to the diets contained 6% molasses. Key words: Slow-Release Urea, Molasses, Rice Straw, In Vitro

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