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All Journal Paediatrica Indonesiana Majalah Kedokteran Nusantara The Journal Of Medical School
Ridwan M. Daulay
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Factors related to missed opportunities for immunization at urban and suburban primary health centers in Medan Oke Rina Ramayani; Ridwan M. Daulay; Sri Sofyani; Iskandar Z. Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 1 (2007): January 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (501.392 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.1.2007.21-6

Abstract

Background Missed opportunites for immunization is one of theimportant causes of low immunization coverage that should beprevented.Objective To investigate missed opportunities for immunizationand related factors at urban and suburban primary health centersin Medan.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted between January-March 2004. Primary health centers in Medan were divided intourban (20 primary health centers) and suburban (19 primaryhealth centers) groups. The sample size was 109 children whovisited primary health centers for immunization. Study was doneby a questionnaire taken after infants received immunization (exitinterview).Results The proportion of missed opportunities in urban andsuburban area was 22.3% (95% CI 16.9%;27.7%) and 29.9% (95%CI 24.0%;35.2%) (P=0.191), respectively. Factors such as age ofstarting immunization, number of children more than 4, and lowparental attitude about immunization (P=0.001) were related tomissed opportunities for immunization.Conclusions There is no difference between proportion of missedopportunities at primary health centers in urban and suburbanarea. Related factors to missed opportunities for immunizationare age of starting immunization older than 3 months, number ofchildren more than 4, and low parental attitude aboutimmunization.
Comparison of blood pressure of senior high school students in the inner and outer city of Medan Johannes H. Saing; Ridwan M. Daulay; Rafita Ramayati; Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 6 (2007): November 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (332.816 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi47.6.2007.247-51

Abstract

Background Blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescentsdepends on multiple factors, both genetic and environmental suchas gender, age, body weight and height, obesity, life style,socioeconomic status, etc. Surveillance of families in Medan(2000) reported that the socioeconomic status in the outer citywas lower than in the inner city; other factors that influence BPof adolescents may also be different.Objective To compare the prevalence of hypertension betweensenior high school students in the inner and outer city of Medan.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 250 studentsselected randomly from four senior high schools in Medan, each2 schools from inner and outer city. This study was done betweenJune and August 2003. BP measurement was done in the morningat 08.00 – 12.00 o’clock before the subjects got exercises. BPmeasurements were done three times according to Task Force onBlood Pressure 1996 recommendation. The average of systolicand diastolic was considered as BP of the subjects.Results Systolic and diastolic BPs of the female students in theouter city (115.3/80.0 mmHg) were higher than those of thefemale students in the inner city (111.2/71.8 mmHg) and thedifference was statistically significant (P=0.008 and P=0.014),but not for the male students. The prevalence of hypertension inthe inner and outer city of Medan was 6.0% and 8.4%, respectively.Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in the outer city wasabit higher than that in the inner city. The averages of systolicand diastolic BPs of female students in the outer city were higherthan those of the female students in the inner city of Medan.
Comparison of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) before and after physical exercise in obese and non-obese children Febrina Z. Siregar; Gabriel Panggabean; Ridwan M. Daulay; Helmi M. Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 49 No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (104.458 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi49.1.2009.20-4

Abstract

Background  Obesity  has  been  associated  with  respiratorycomplications  and  it  is  believed to reduce lung volume. Obesityimposes additional stress on  ventilation  during exercise  andmay even result in pulmonary function impairment. Exerciseinduced-bronchospasm has also been found in obese children.Lung function tests  can  be useful to confirm diagnosis, responseto therapy, or prediction of lung and respiratory diseases.  Thepeak  flow  meter  is  an  inexpensive, practical  way  to measure lungfunction, and  can  detect the early warning signs  of  a decrease inlung function.Objective  To  compare the peak expiratory  flow  rate (PEFR) beforeand after physical exercise in obese and non-obese primary schoolboys aged 6 to  12  years old.Methods  A quasi-experimental study using the one group pretest-posttest design was performed  on  30  obese children  (BMI  abovethe  95<h  percentile)  and  30 non-obese children  (BMI  betweenthe  5<h  - 85'h percentile) using a mini-Wright peak  flow  meterto evaluate the PEFR before  and  after eight minutes  of  physicalexercise. Height, weight, body mass index,  and  physical statuswere determined before testing.Results  The  PEFR before  and  after exercise were 14.80 for obesechildren and 9.76 for non-obese children.  The  mean value forPEFR between obese and non-obese children was significantlydifferent  (P<0.05).Conclusion  The  PEFR for obese children  is  significantly lowerthan  non  obese children  even  before physical exercise.
The relation of BCG vaccination and severe malnutrition with the occurrence of tuberculous meningitis Nofareni Nofareni; Bistok Saing; Ridwan M. Daulay; Bidasari Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 1 (2004): January 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (329.984 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi44.1.2004.12-6

Abstract

Objectives To assess BCG vaccination and nutritional states inchildren with tuberculous meningitis and their relations with theoccurrence of tuberculous meningitis.Methods A case-control study was conducted at the Divisionof Neurology, Department of Child Health, Adam Malik Hospi-tal, Medan, from January 1997 to December 2000. Subjects ofthis study were all tuberculous meningitis patients and primarytuberculosis patients as the control group. Odds ratio (OR) wasused to assess the risk of tuberculous meningitis in patientswith positive BCG vaccination and (1-OR) was used to assessthe efficacy of BCG to prevent tuberculous meningitis.Results Four out of sixteen tuberculous meningitis patients werevaccinated, while 10 of 16 primary tuberculosis patients were vac-cinated (p=0.03). OR of vaccinated patients to get tuberculousmeningitis was 0.2 (95%CI 0.04;0.91). The efficacy of BCG vacci-nation to prevent tuberculous meningitis was 1-0.2 = 0.8. The riskof severe malnourished patients to get tuberculous meningitis was2.33 (95%CI 0.52;10.48; p=0.26).Conclusion Most tuberculous meningitis patients were not BCGvaccinated. Severe malnutrition did not play role in the occurrenceof this disease
Tuberculin Test on Infants and Children Who Had Been Given BCG Vaccination During Neonatal Period Fauzah Fauzah; Riza I. Nasution; Ansarudin Nasution; Ridwan M. Daulay; Helmi M. Lubis; Zakaria Siregar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 36 No 7-8 (1996): July - August 1996
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (398.602 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi36.7-8.1996.160-8

Abstract

On one hundred and seven children 3 months to 5 years old who had received BCG vaccination during neonatal period were reviewed with tuberculin test. This study were conducted at the children's and maternity Hospital Sri Ratu Medan for 4 months. They comprised 61 males and 46 females with moderate to well nou­rished. Tuberculin test was seen at 72 hours after the injection. Tuberculin test was said positive if the induration was >5 mm was found. Positive tuberculin test were found on 58 children (54.2%), out of which 49 children (84.5%) were <1 year old and 9 children (15.5%) were 1 year old. Significant difference was found in positive tuber­culin test between child group of <1 year old compared to those of >1 year old (p <0.001). Diameter of induration was between 0-10 mm. Most of the children (51 = 47.7%) were having diameter of 5-9 mm. Median diameter of induration of tuberculin test was significant difference between child group of <1 year with those of >1-2 years, >2-3 years, >3-4 years and >4-5 years old respectively (p<0.01). BCG scar did not show significant relationship with tuberculin test result and age.
Tuberkulosis laten pada anak Flora Mindo Panjaitan; Ridwan M. Daulay; Wisman Dalimunthe; Rini Savitri Daulay
Majalah Kedokteran Nusantara The Journal Of Medical School Vol 46, No 1 (2013): The Journal of Medical School
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran USU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Nowadays, TB continues to be a major health problem and a global public health issue. Latent tuberculosis is the clinical state characterized by the presence of lasting mycobacteria specific T-cell responses, assessed by tuberculin skin test (TST), in case of the absence of clinical and radiological manifestation of tuberculosis. Detection and treatment of latent tuberculosis is a key strategy in the control of TB. The Quantiferon TB Gold and T-Spot TB did not show higher sensitivity neither specificity than TST in detection latent TB in children. Tuberculin skin test is remain a recommended method to diagnose latent TB in children. Keywords : latent tuberculosis; children
Co-Authors Ansarudin Nasution Bidasari Lubis Bistok Saing Fauzah Fauzah Febrina Z. Siregar Flora Mindo Panjaitan Gabriel Panggabean Helmi M. Lubis Iskandar Z. Lubis Johannes H. Saing Nofareni Nofareni Oke Rina Ramayani, Oke Rina Rafita Ramayati Rini Savitri Daulay Riza I. Nasution Rusdidjas Rusdidjas Sri Sofyani Wisman Dalimunthe Zakaria Siregar