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KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN PENYEBARAN GALL DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR Rachman, Erlin; Tihurua, Eka Fatmawati; Sunaryo, Sunaryo
Buletin Kebun Raya Vol 15, No 2 (2012): Buletin Kebun Raya Vol. 15 (2) July 2012
Publisher : Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

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In order to know the habitat preference gradation for gall-forming insects from the border to the middle of the habitat or more precise the edge effect on the galling existence and the expansion ability of local gall to infect on non indigenous species, observation of all plant life collections block by block in the Bogor Botanic Garden were done. Host plant and galling insect species composition differed quite characteristically between the edge and the interior of paths, but did not for galling insect richness. Insect gall richness was expressed as the ratio between insect gall and host plant richness (gall per plant ratio) and in the same time a weak relationship of insect speciesâarea was found. Our results suggest that the number of galling insects per individual plant is not affected by the size of the patch. Despite these results, the natural forest patches are found in this region seem well suited for long-term studies addressing speciesâarea relationships.

Transitional Sex Expression on Some Inflorescence Types and Individual Sex Status in Carica papaya L. Rachman, Erlin
Proceeding International Conference on Global Resource Conservation Vol 4, No 1: Proceeding of 4th ICGRC 2013
Publisher : Proceeding International Conference on Global Resource Conservation

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Â Â Â Â Flower buds of some inflorescence types of papaya (Carica papaya L.) were studied to know the sexual phenomena in the species. We distinguished six normal and transitional sex expressions in flower buds: normal stamens but no pistil, called normal male, a normal pistil but no stamen called normal female,Â normal stamens gathered with a normal pistil called normal hermaphrodite, normal stamens gathered with incomplete pistil called transitional hermaphrodite, an incomplete pistil only without stamen called transitional female,Â and normal stamens gathered with a rudiment spearhead-like pistil called transitional hermaphrodite The bud age levels were defined by bud sizes, from smallest to largest just before the flower anthesis. Transitional pistil was also microscopically distinguishable from normal one. Transitional pistil frequencies significantly tend to be decreased in late flower development phases. Average frequencies of the flower bud sex expression were respectively 16.77, 14.55, 25.81, 27.36, 8.30 and 7.86. Hermaphrodite flower buds showed higher transitional bud frequency than pistilate flower. Most of the transitional buds were shed in its later development and may be eliminated at all in mature inflorescences. It may be the process by which the individual become stable male papaya tree. The involvement of evolutionary primitive Y chromosome on determining male sex expression in the papaya flower growth and development is also discussed.Â Â Â Keywords: Carica papaya L, flowering biology, hermaphrodite, pistilate, staminate, sexual status, transitional sex expression

PENYIMPANAN SERBUKSARI PISANG LIAR Musa acuminata Colla UNTUK MENDUKUNG PROGRAM PEMULIAAN PISANG BUDIDAYA [Pollen Storage of Wild Varieties of Musa acuminata Colla Ensuring Pollen Source for Cultivated Banana Breeding Program] Rachman, Erlin; Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari; Ahmad, Fajaruddin
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 11, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Research on pollen storage of four varieties and one subspecies of wild banana, Musa acuminata Colla, was carried out to support genetic improvement of banana cultivars through hybridization. The four wild varieties, breviformis, zebrina, malaccensis, bantamensis and a subspecies banksii cultivated at Cibinong Science Center (CSC-LIPI), Cibinong. Anthers were collected, put on bread paper,dried on hot plate at 40ÂºC for about two hours, open dried at room temperature in the laboratory (about 26ÂºC) for overnight, prepared for storage in two ways: -using and, -without silica gel, then stored in three storage temperatures, -5ÂºC, 5ÂºC and room temperature. Pollen germination was observed one day before storage, one week, four or five weeks and 12 weeks of storage. At the beginning, M. acuminata ssp banksii had highest pollen germination percentage, followed respectively by varieties bantamensis, breviformis, malaccensis and zebrina. The pollen germination ranks for the five banana varieties were remaining constant up to 12 weeks of storage though pollen germination dynamics occurred week by week. Silica gel may be recommended to be used until 5 weeks of storage. Storage temperature of -5ÂºC and 5ÂºC may be recommended as better storage temperature compared to room temperature. No special pattern shown by pollen tube vigor, but subspecies banksii pollen stored without silica gel, at 5ÂºC and room temperature tends to form better pollen tube vigor than stored at -5ÂºC.

KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN POLA PERKECAMBAHAN BIJI Strombosia javanica Bl. (Olacaceae) DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN SIFAT-SIFAT PARASITISME [Morphological Characters and Germination Patterns of Strombosia Javanica Bl. (Olacaeae) Associated with Parasitism] Rachman, Erlin; Sunaryo, Sunaryo
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 4, No 5 (1999)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study on seed germinations of Strombosia javanica BL. was conducted to observe morphological character and germination pattern of the seedling. As many as 134 seeds of the species, originally collected in Bogor Botanical Gardens, were germinated on medium contain soil, sands and compost in same quantity. Germination aspects such as germination patterns and developmental changes were monitored everyday until the first leaves appear. The seed germinations was typically hypogeal and totally spent 160-170 days, and consisted at least six stages: hypocotyl growth, radix primordial formatton, seedling root growth, seed ball lifting, seed ball removal and first leaves appearance. Rather intact seed ball remain exist at the end of hypocotyl vigorously mtil its removal, pmsumably one of special phenomena of the species germination associated to plant parasitism. Functionally, development of the cotyledons were abnormally suppressed by the existence of the seed ball. The cotyledon praphotosynthetic function seems to be replaced by greeny hypocotyl. First leaves development were never occurred before the seed ball removal. Seed coat elimination was able to increase germination initiation in a given time but facilitated damaging bacteria or fungi to contaminate the endosperm.

BIOLOGI PERBUNGAAN JAHE MERAH ( ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC. VAR. RUBRA [ Floral Biology of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose. var. rubra) Rachman, Erlin
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 4, No 4 (1998)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A study on floral biology of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubra) was conducted to approach the floral characters and natural obstacles affecting their sexual reproduction. In vivo observation was directly carried out at Treub Laboratory, The R & D Center for Biology, LIPI, mainly on final development aspects of flower: flowering process, anthesis periodicity and pattern,and pollen fertility. The results showed that commonly there was one of more than 20 spikelets in a spike anthesized perday. Final development stage began to be distinguishable from 6.00 or 7.00 am of anthesis day. Anthesis was always begin after 02.00 pm where the earliest was occurred at 02.04 while the latest was 02.55 pm and consist at least of three stages as is initiation, half and full anthesis.The initiation stage was remarkable by calyx breakage,divided into two types of breakage: -type A (directly break, 58.33%) and -type B (indirectly break, 41.67%).The type B group tend to haa shorter duration of anthesis than type A.Generally this variety of ginger has some negative floral characters base on fertility and fruit or seed setting ability such as very low in anthesis frequency, relatively snort duration of anthesis and inefficient stigma anther locality.In other side, this variety also has positive characters of flower such as enough pollen fertility (32 - 45%), low level in flower abortion and never closing flower even at the of the anthesis process

PENELITIAN NYALI DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO DAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK, JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA [Research on gall in Mount Gede Pangrango and Mount Halimun Salak National Parks, West Java, Indonesia] Rachman, Erlin; Tihurua, Eka Fatmawati; Sunaryo, Sunaryo
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 13, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Research on gall (including field and laboratory observations and field collecting) have been conducted in the Mounts Gede Pangrano (MGPNP) and Halimun Salak National Parks (MHSNP). This research focused on gall shapes, host plant species, and parts of the host plants infected by galls. The result showed that there were 169 gall numbers in MGNP and 127 numbers in MHSNP have been collected. Distribution of plant species infected by the galls were rather same in the both conservation areas. In MHSNP seven families mostly infected by galls: Araceae, 4 species of 5 gall numbers collection in the family (=4/5), Elaeocarpaceae (5/5), Euphorbiaceae (7/9), Lauraceae (8/11), Moraceae (6/7), Melastomataceae (4/4) and Rubiaceae (9/12). In MGPNP the composition is only fairly different: Araliaceae (4/6),Euphorbiaceae (8/13), Lauraceae (9/12), Melastomataceae (5/6), Moraceae (13/22), Myrtaceae (9/11) and Rubiaceae (6/13). At least 23 gall shapes were found in both locations. The most common shape of galls found in MGNP was irregular, while in MHSNP was globular.Galls were mostly (90%) collected from leaf including peduncles and leaf venations. The other parts included twigs, branches, stems, flowers,and fruits. The most common insect found investing galls (i.e. insect gallers) was the midges (54.4%) followed by mites (18.5%), psyllids (11.1%), thrips (6.3%), coccids (1.9%), and aleurodes (1.9%).

SISTEM PENYERBUKAN ALTERNATIF Talinum triangulare Willd.: EFEK PERLAKUAN PENYERBUKAN PAD A AKTIFITAS BUNGA DAN PEMBENTUKAN BUI Rachman, Erlin
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Eight pollination treatments were executed on Talinum triangulare Willd. to observe alternative pollination systems and its effect on some flower activities and seed setting. The treatments can be grouped to autogamy and allogamy or geitonogamy.Flowers simultaneously were treated by the eight treatments day by day for two weeks in a month with three replications.Parameters observed were fruit set, anthesis duration, seed number per capsule and presence of stigmatic curvature. The result showed that the plant species was evidently flexible in pollination systems but the plant was outcrossing species with highest seed number (58.73 Â± 5.95) per capsule and did not show stigmatic lobe curvature. The second and the third highest seed number per capsule were given by natural pollination with or without anther removal and with or without artificial polination (50.5 Â± 2,87 and 49.0 Â± 1) and this treatments also did not showed stigmatic lobe curvature. Articial pollination with or without flower bagging, withor without anther removal and with or without natural pollination generally gave lower seed number per capsule 40.67 Â± 5.69,32.67 Â± 10.95, 43.67 Â± 9.5) except spontan autogamy(49.29 Â± 10.14) and some of this treatments showed sigmatic lobe curvature.Stigmatic lobe curvature, therefore, was occured when no pollen occupation on it until prior to naturally flower reclose. Flower would be abscised when no artificial or natural pollination was happened but its stigma was curved before shed. Primary pollination mechanism in the plant was cross polllination (allogamy) but the plant is enough flexible in pollination systems. Autogamy especially spontan autogamy seem to be alternative pollination mechanism when no natural polinator visit.

POLA PERKECAMBAHAN RAMIN (Gonystylus bancanus) DAN EFEKTIFITAS KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM Rachman, Erlin; Utami, Ning Wikan
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v8i1.814

A research work on seed germination of ramin (Gonystylus bancanus (Miq. Kurz) was conducted to study germination pattern and the effectivity of some composition of planting medias contained compost, cocopeat, organic manure, carbonic sekam and soil.The result showed that the seed germination pattern of ramin at least consist of six stages based on one or more morfological change or an organ formation occured. A growing period needed by the juvenil ramin to grow from a stage to next stage and the seedling plant heigh were taken as parameters to pursued the effectivity of planting media composition. Generally, media contained compost, cocopeat, carbonic sekam and organic manure were much more effective than medium contains soil only. Medium contained compost only was the most effective as planting media based on the two parameters. Cocopeat and carbonic sekam was also recommended as alternative planting media for seed germination and juvenil plant growth of ramin.

KERUSAKAN MORFOLOGI TUMBUHAN KOLEKSI KEBUN RAYA PURWODADI OLEH BENALU (LORANTHACEAE DAN VISCACEAE) Sunaryo, Sunaryo; Rachman, Erlin; Uji, Tahan
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Purwodadi Botanic Gardens-LIPI (The Indonesian Institute of Sciences), East Java, is an ex-situ conservation area accommodating various living plant collections.Identification of the parasitic plants conducted in August 200S found five species parasiting 10S trees belonging to SI species of 24 genera. The highest parasite frequency was found on Ficus (Moraceae). The mistletoes found in the study area were Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. (Loranthaceae), Macrosolen tetragonus (Bl.) Miq. (Loranthaceae),Scurrula atropurpurea (Bl.) Dans. (Loranthaceae), Viscum articulation Burm. f. (Viscaceae), and Viscum ovalifolium DC. (Viscaceae).The damaging effect of the parasitic mistletoes generally occurred on the distal part of branches or twigs of the host tree species.

PERTUMBUHAN IN VIVO BULUH SERBUK SARI DALAM STIGMA GINSENG JAWA (TALINUM TRIANGULARE) PASCA PENYERBUKAN BUATAN: EFEK DONOR SERBUK SARI Rachman, Erlin; Tihurua, Eka Fatmawati
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 34 (2011)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jti.v34iKhusus.35

Talinum triangulare Wild. pollen were germinated in vivo in the stigma with three hand pollination treatments based on pollen donor in order to know its germination rate and if the pollen tube growth rate affected by pollen origin. Flower buds were picked at prior to anthesis time and let them to anthesize in laboratory condition. The three pollination treatments were directly excecuted at full anthesis stage and four different incubation times: 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The experiment was conducted twice with about one month interval between November and December 2008. Signifi cantly different pollen tube growth rate was only showed between stigma pollinated by pollen from neighbor fl owers of same individual and stigma pollinated by pollen from next indidual plant. Highest final pollen germination level and tube growth rate was resulted by hand pollination with pollen from neighbour flowers of the same individual called geitonogamy (54.84% and 9.081 ?m per minute). Second highest was pollination with pollen from the flower itself called autogamy (45.92% and 6.806 ?m per minute). The lowest was hand pollination with pollen from flowers of outside individual called exogamy (39.61% and 3.525 ?m per minute). Stagnated growth of pollen tubes after pollination with outside pollen in exogamy at fi rst minutes of incubation may be related to individual adaptation.

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