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Sally SMITH
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Optimasi simbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita pada bibit kelapa sawit di tanah masam Optimizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil) Happy WIDIASTUTI; Edi GUHARDJA; Nampiah SOEKARNO; L K DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 70, No 2: Desember 2002
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (181.358 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v70i2.128

Abstract

SummaryAM fungal symbiosis increase the uptake of P in oil palm seedlings. However the optimum condition of symbiosis has to be determined to get higher benefit of AM fungal symbiosis. Optimization of the symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil was determined. An experiment was conducted in polybag sized 40 x 60 cm contained sterilized Cikopomayak soil. Three factors studied were AM fungal species (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), inoculant dose (0.0; 12.5; 25.0; and 37.5% w/w), and fertilizer rate (0; 25; 50; and 100% recommended dose) and each treatment replicated three times. The result showed that optimum growth reached on the inoculant addition of 36% (w/w) in the form of infected roots, hypha, and spores and fertilizer dose of 25% for A. tuberculata, while for G. margarita was 40% (w/w) inoculant and 26% fertilizer. Efectivity of fertilizer and P uptake of oil palm seedling were significantly increased with AM fungi inoculation. P uptake of oil palm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata increase. RingkasanSimbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dapat meningkatkan serapan P pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Namun, untuk mendapatkan keuntungan simbiosis yang tinggi perlu diketahui kondisi optimum simbiosis. Simbiosis CMA dengan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi tingkat hara dan dosis inokulum. Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag berukuran 40 x 60 cm berisi tanah Cikopomayak steril. Tiga faktor yang diuji ialah spesies CMA (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), dosis inokulum campuran (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; dan 37,5% b/b), dosis pupuk (0; 25; 50; dan 100% dosis rekomendasi) dan masing masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan optimum dicapai pada pemberian inokulum berupa akar terinfeksi, hifa, dan spora 36% (b/b) dan pupuk 25% untuk A. tuberculata, sedangkan untuk G. margarita ialah 40% (b/b) inokulum dan pupuk 26%. Keefektifan pupuk dan serapan P meningkat secara nyata dengan inokulasi CMA
Aktivitas fosfatase dan produksi asam organik di rhizosfer dan hifosfer bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza *) Phosphatase activity and organic acid production in rhizosphere and hyphosphere of mycorrhizal oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH; Edi GUHARDJA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 71, No 2: Desember 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (249.025 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v71i2.164

Abstract

SummaryStudies on the mechanism of the higher Puptake of oil palm seedling colonized witharbuscular mycorrhizal fungi throughsolubilizing of fixed P by organic acid orhydrolysis of organic P by phosphatase activityhave not been reported yet. This experiment wasaimed to examine the phosphatase activity andproduction of organic acids in rhizosphere andhyphosphere, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizaloil palm seedling. Oil palm seedling were grownfor 26 weeks in sterilized Cikopomayak acid soilin 20.5 cm diameter pots with three compart-ments, a central one for root growth(rhizosphere) and two adjacent on both side nextto the root compartment for hyphal growth(hyphosphere). Compartmentation was accom-plished by a 0.25 mm stainless steel filter. Allcompartment received a uniform concentration ofphosphorus (300 P mg kg -1 soil) either in organic(Na-phytate) or inorganic NH 4 HPO 4 form.Acaulospora tuberculata inoculum was establish-ed in pot culture using Pueraria phaseoloides as ahost, while Gigaspora margarita was propagatedusing maize as a host. AM fungal inoculumapplied as mixed propagules in optimum dosage.The experiment was conducted to asses ninetreatments combination between AM inoculation(without, A. tuberculata, and G. margarita) andsources of P (without P, inorganic P NH 4 HPO 4 ,and organic P Na phytate). Factorial in completerandomized design with two factors and threereplications was used in this research. In thehyphal compartment acid phosphatase activitywas much higher than alkaline phosphataseactivity, while in the rhizosphere alkalinephosphatase activity was higher compared toacid phosphatase activity. Acid phosphataseactivity in rhizosphere of oil palm seedlingsinoculated with A. tuberculata was significantlyhigher compared to uninoculated seedlings.However, both acid phosphatase activity andalkaline phosphatase activity were slightlyenhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation. In contrast,organic acid production between inoculatedseedling and uninoculated seedling was notsignificantly different. It seems that AM fungalsymbiosis with oil palm enhance mineralizationof organic P in spite of solubilization ofinorganic P.RingkasanMekanisme peningkatan pertumbuhankelapa sawit bermikoriza khususnya yangdisebabkan aktivitas pelarutan P anorganik yangterfiksasi melalui pelarutan oleh asam organikatau hidrolisis P organik oleh aktivitas fosfataseelum dilaporkan. Percobaan ini bertujuanmenetapkan aktivitas fosfatase dan produksi asamorganik di rhizosfer dan hifosfer, bibit kelapasawit bermikoriza dan tidak bermikoriza. Kelapasawit ditumbuhkan selama 26 minggu pada tanahmasam Cikopomnayak steril pada pot ber-diameter 20,5 cm yang terbagi atas tiga daerah,ruang tengah untuk pertumbuhan akar (rhizosfer)dan dua daerah di sebelahnya untuk pertumbuhanhifa (hifosfer). Penyekatan pot menggunakanfilter stainless steel berukuran lubang 0,25 mm.Semua daerah dipupuk P pada konsentrasi300 P mg kg -1 tanah baik dalam bentuk organik(Na-phytate) maupun anorganik (NH 4 HPO 4 )Inokulum CMA merupakan hasil perbanyakandengan sistem kultur pot menggunakan inangPueraria phaseoloides untuk Acaulosporatuberculata sedangkan untuk Gigasporamargarita menggunakan inang jagung. InokulumCMA berupa propagul campuran pada dosisoptimum. Percobaan dilakukan untuk mengujisembilan perlakuan yang merupakan kombinasiantara inokulasi CMA (tanpa, A. tuberculata,dan G. margarita) dan sumber P (tanpa P,anorganik P NH 4 HPO 4 , dan organik P Naphytate). Rancangan percobaan ialah rancanganacak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan untukmasing-masing perlakuan. Di hifosfer aktivitasfosfatase asam lebih tinggi daripada fosfatasealkalin, sedangkan di rhizosfer aktivitas fosfatasealkalin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan aktivitasfosfatase asam. Aktivitas fosfatase asam dirhizosfer bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi A.tuberculata nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkandengan bibit yang tidak diinokulasi. Aktivitasfosfatase asam dan fosfatase alkalin sedikit lebihtinggi dengan inokulasi CMA. Sebaliknya,produksi asam organik antara bibit yangdiinokulasi dan bibit yang tidak diinokulasi tidakberbeda nyata. Tampak bahwa simbiosis CMAdengan kelapa sawit lebih meningkatkanmineralisasi P organik dan kurang meningkatkanpelarutan P anorganik.
Penggunaan spora cendawan mikoriza arbuskula sebagai inokulum untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan serapan hara bibit kelapa sawit Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore as inoculant to increase growth and nutrient uptake of oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH; Edi GUHARDJA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 73, No 1: Juni 2005
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (186.894 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v73i1.160

Abstract

SummaryA green house experiment was conducted tostudy the effect of spore number and species ofAM fungi as inoculant of oil palm. Two species ofAM fungi was evaluated in this study namelyAcaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margaritaand three spore number were tested i. e 200, 350,and 500 spores. There two fungi have thepotential as AM fungi inoculant for oil palm. Thesoil used was acid soil from Cikopomayak, WestJava while the oil palm seedling was from OilPalm Research Institute, Medan. A polybag sized20 x 40 cm was used. Spores as type of inoculantaffect the oil palm growth in longer time. Thebest growth of the seedling in term of height,fresh, and dry weight was obtained byinoculation at 500 spores of A. tuberculata andG. margarita. However, at 500 spores perpolybag, growth and N, P, and K uptake ofseedlings inoculated with A. tuberculata andG. margarita were not significantly differentexcept for seedling and root fresh weight. Oilpalm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata at500 spores per seedling resulted higher root andseedling fresh weight compared with thoseinoculated with G. margarita. The different effectof seedling on A. tuberculata and G. margaritainoculation at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere only observed in plant height, fresh and dryweight of seedlings. The plant height, fresh, anddry weight of seedlings inoculated withA. tuberculata at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere higher compared with those inoculatedwith G. margarita. In addition inoculation withA. tuberculata at 200 spores per seedling resultedhigher N and K uptake of seedling compared withthose inoculated with G. margarita.RingkasanSuatu penelitian rumah kaca telah dilakukanuntuk mempelajari pengaruh jumlah spora danspesies cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA)sebagai inokulum pada bibit kelapa sawit. Duaspesies CMA yang diuji ialah Acaulosporatuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita sedangkanjumlah spora yang diuji ada tiga tingkat yaitu200, 350, dan 500 spora. Bibit kelapa sawitberumur dua bulan ditanam di polibag berukuran20 x 40 cm yang berisi tanah yang bereaksimasam berasal dari Cikopomayak. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa spora sebaganokulum bibit kelapa sawit dapat mempengaruhipertumbuhan kelapa sawit namun diperlukanwaktu yang lebih lama untuk mendapatkanrespons inokulasi. Pertumbuhan tertinggi padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering diperoleh pada inokulasi sebanyak 500spora per polibag baik untuk A. tuberculatamaupun G. margarita. Namun, pada inokulasisebanyak 500 spora per polibag, pertumbuhandan serapan N, P, dan K bibit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata dan G. margarita tidak berbedanyata kecuali pada peubah bobot basah akar danbobot basah bibit. Bobot basah akar dan bobotbasah bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata sebanyak 500 spora, lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan bibit yang diinokulasidengan G. margarita pada jumlah spora yangsama. Pengaruh spesies hanya dapat ditunjukkanpada inokulasi 200 dan 350 spora khususnya padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering bibit. Tinggi bibit, bobot basah dan bobotkering bibit yang diinokulasi A. tuberculata padajumlah spora 200 dan 350 per polibag lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita. Tampak bahwa inokulasiA. tuberculata dengan 200 spora per polibagmenghasilkan serapan N dan K lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita pada jumlah spora yang sama.
Arsitektur akar bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi beberapa cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Root architecture of oil palm seedling inoculated with selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Happy WIDIASTUTI; Edi GUHARDJA; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah KOSIM DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 71, No 1: Juni 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (277.051 KB) | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v71i1.182

Abstract

Summary Oil palm is mostly cultivated in acid soil. The growth constraint of plant in acid soil is the limited availability of phosphorus (P) nutrient. Improvement of root system morphology and architecture have an important aspect since P is immobilized nutrient. Colonization of oil palm by rrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase the P uptake of plant. However, there is no information related to the effect of AM fungal colonization on oil palm root morphology and architecture.        A research has been conducted to asses the effect of colonization of two species of AM fungi on root system morphology and architecture of oil palm seedling. The research was conducted using Cikopomayak acid soil as medium in simple glass chamber. The plant material was from Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan while AM fungal inoculum was produced using pot culture. Six treatments assesed are combination of three levels of  AM fungi inoculation (without inoculation with, Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita) and two levels of  fertilization (without, and with fertilizer). The result showed that colonization of AM fungi could change the root system morphology, and root architecture. The root fresh weight, root dry weight, length, and volume were significantly higher with the AM fungi colonization especially A. tuberculata inoculation. However, specific root weight was not significantly different between inoculated and uninoculated. The enhancement was significantly observed 26 weeks after inoculation. Biside that, proportion of secondary root of oil palm inoculated with AM fungi was higher compared to primary root. Fertilization tend to reduced root growth. Fertilization reduced significantly root shoot ratio of inoculated as well as uninoculated seedlings. The rooting volume was higher in inoculated seedling compared to uninoculated. The highest enhancement of N, P, and K uptake was observed 26 weeks after inoculation. The better root morphology and architecture might be one mechanisms of AM fungi colonized oil palm seedlings in increasing P uptake. Ringkasan Umumnya tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam pada tanah masam. Hambatan pertumbuhan tanaman pada tanah masam adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan nutrisi P (fosforus). Oleh sebab itu perbaikan sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar memiliki aspek yang penting disebabkan P merupakan nutrisi yang tidak mudah bergerak. Kolonisasi tanaman kelapa sawit dengan cendawan  mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) akan meningkatkan penyerapan P oleh tanaman.  Namun, hubungan antara simbiosis  CMA dengan arsitektur perakaran kelapa sawit belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kolonisasi dua spesies CMA pada sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar bibit tanaman kelapa sawit. Percobaan  dilakukan menggunakan tanah masam Cikopomayak yang mengandung Al tinggi sebagai medium dalam kultur pot kaca yang sederhana. Kecambah kelapa sawit berasal dari Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan,  sedangkan inokulum CMA diproduksi menggunakan kultur pot. Enam perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi tiga jenis inokulasi CMA ( tanpa inokulasi, inokulasi dengan Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita) serta dua tingkat pemupukan (tanpa, dan dengan pemupukan). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi CMA merubah sistem morfologi dan arsitektur perakaran. Bobot basah, bobot kering, panjang dan volume akar nyata lebih tinggi pada tanaman yang dikolonisasi CMA khususnya A. tuberculata. Namun berat akar spesifik tidak beda nyata antara yang diinokulasi dan tanpa inokulasi. Peningkatan berat akar sangat nyata setelah 26 hari diinokulasi. Di samping itu proporsi akar sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan akar primer pada  tanaman kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi CMA. Pemupukan pada umumnya menurunkan pertumbuhan akar dan secara nyata menurunkan nisbah akar pucuk. Volume perakaran lebih besar pada bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi.  Peningkatan serapan  N, P,  dan  K tertinggi teramati 26 minggu setelah inokulasi. Morfologi perakaran yang lebih baik demikian pula arsitektur perakaran mungkin merupakan mekanisme bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza dalam meningkatkan serapan P.
Co-Authors Didiek Hadjar Goenadi Edi Guhardja HAPPY WIDIASTUTI L K Darusman Latifah Kosim Darusman Nampiah Sukarno