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Rini Rosliani
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Jln. Tangkuban Parahu No. 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat 40391
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Pengaruh Varietas, Status K-Tanah, dan Dosis Pupuk Kalium terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil Umbi, dan Serapan Hara K Tanaman Bawang Merah Rosliani, Rini; Basuki, Rofik Sinung
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pemupukan sebaiknya didasarkan pada kebutuhan tanaman dan kesuburan lahan agar diperoleh hasil yang optimal. Adanya keragaman tanah dan lingkungan yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia menyebabkan kebutuhan pupuk berbeda dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lainnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk K optimum untuk dua varietas bawang merah pada status K-tanah yang berbeda. Metode penelitian terdiri atas survei status K-tanah yang dilakukan di sentra produksi bawang merah di dataran rendah Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah, dan percobaan pot yang dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang dari Bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk percobaan pot ialah petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah bawang merah varietas Bangkok dan Kuning. Anak petak ialah status hara  K-tanah, yaitu status K-tanah rendah (<20 ppm K2O), sedang (21–40 ppm K2O), dan tinggi (>41 ppm K2O). Anak-anak petak ialah dosis pupuk K terdiri atas 0, 60, 120, 180, dan 240 kg/ha K2O.  Pupuk N (150 kg/ha) dan P (150 kg/ha P2O5) diberikan sebagai pupuk dasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara varietas, status K-tanah, dan dosis pupuk K terhadap bobot kering tanaman, luas daun, hasil bobot umbi segar, dan bobot umbi kering eskip bawang merah. Namun serapan hara K tanaman dan residu pupuk K dalam tanah dipengaruhi oleh interaksi ketiga faktor tersebut. Hubungan antara hasil umbi bawang merah varietas Bangkok dan Kuning dengan dosis pupuk K pada semua status K-tanah bersifat kuadratik. Dosis pupuk K optimum untuk varietas Bangkok ialah 126,67 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah rendah, 170,00 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah sedang, dan 1,5 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah tinggi, sedangkan dosis pupuk K optimum untuk varietas Kuning ialah 214,29 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah rendah, 216,67 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah sedang, dan 106,50 kg/ha K2O pada status K-tanah tinggi. Hasil umbi dan serapan hara tanaman varietas Bangkok dan Kuning pada status K-tanah tinggi nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada status K-tanah rendah dan K-tanah sedang. Makin tinggi status K-tanah dan dosis pupuk K, maka makin tinggi pula residu K dalam tanah.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, Basuki, RS, and Hilman, Y 2012. Effects of Varieties, Soil-K Status, and K Fertilizer Dosages on Plant Growth, Bulb Yield, and K Uptake of Shallots Plant. In order to get the optimum yield, fertilization should be based on plant need of nutrient and nutrient content of soil. The presense of high diversities of soil and environment in Indonesia cause the fertilizer needed are different from one location to another. This research methodologies were survey of soil-K status on some shallots production areas in lowland of West and Central Java, and pot experiment that was carried out at Screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from March to December 2008. The aim of this experiment was to find out the optimum dosage of K fertilizer for two shallots varieties on several soil fertility level (soil-K status). A split-split plot design with three replications was used in this experiment. As main plots were shallots varieties, consisted of Bangkok and Kuning varieties. Subplots were the content/status of soil-K, consisted of low (<20 ppm K2O), medium (21–40 ppm K2O), and high (>41 ppm K2O). Sub-subplots were K fertilizer dosages, consisted of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha K2O. N fertilizer (150 kg/ha N) and P fertilizer (150 kg/ha P2O5) were applied as basic fertilizers. The results showed that there were no interaction between varieties, soil-K status, and K fertilizer dosages on plant leaf area, plant dry weight, fresh and dry weight of bulb yield of shallots. But K uptake by shallots plant and residual of K fertilizer in soil were affected by the three those factors. The curves of the relationship between K fertilizer dosages and bulb yield of Bangkok and Kuning varieties on all soil-K status were quadratics. The optimum dosage of K fertilizer for Bangkok variety were 126.67 kg/ha K2O on low of soil-K status, 170.00 kg/ha K2O on medium of soil-K status, and 1.50 kg/ha K2O on high of soil-K status; whereas for Kuning variety were 214.29 kg/ha K2O on low of soil-K status, 216.67 kg/ha K2O on medium of soil-K, and 106.50 kg/ha K2O on high of soil-K status.The bulb yield and K uptake of Bangkok and Kuning varieties were significantly higher on high soil-K status than on low and medium of soil-K status. The more higher of K fertilizer dosages and soil-K status gave the more higher of K residual of K fertilizer in soil.
Penggunaan Benzil Amino Purin dan Boron untuk Meningkatkan Produksi dan Mutu Benih True Shallots Seed Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) di Dataran Tinggi Rosliani, Rini; Palupi, ER; Hilman, Yusdar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penggunaan umbi benih untuk bahan perbanyakan bawang merah mempunyai beberapa masalah, antara lain ketidaktersediaan benih bermutu, produktivitas rendah, dan mahal. Salah satu alternatif teknologi yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai benih ialah penggunaan biji botani atau true shallots seed (TSS).  Penelitian dilakukan untuk memproduksi benih bawang merah TSS di dataran tinggi melalui peningkatan pembungaan dan viabilitas serbuk sari menggunakan BAP dan boron.  Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, Jawa Barat (ketinggian 1.250 m dpl.) dari Bulan Agustus 2011 sampai dengan Februari 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.  Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu aplikasi benzil amino purin (BAP) 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 ppm dan boron 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 kg/ha.  Aplikasi  BAP diberikan tiga kali pada umur 1, 3, dan 5 minggu setelah tanam (MST), dan boron pada umur 3, 5, dan 7 MST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi BAP dapat meningkatkan pembungaan, viabilitas serbuk sari bawang merah, dan produksi benih TSS tetapi tidak meningkatkan mutu benih, sedangkan aplikasi boron efektif meningkatkan semua variabel yang diamati termasuk mutu benih TSS. Konsentrasi BAP yang optimum untuk menghasilkan produksi benih TSS ialah 37,5 ppm, sedangkan dosis boron yang optimum untuk menghasilkan bobot benih per plot yang tinggi dengan mutu benih sesuai standar sertifikasi mutu yaitu 2,88 kg/ha.  Hasil yang diperoleh pada perlakuan boron memberikan peningkatan sebesar 165,69% daripada kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi teknologi produksi TSS yang dapat dikembangkan untuk memproduksi benih TSS bermutu tinggi. ABSTRACT. Rosliani, R, Palupi, ER, and Hilman, Y 2012. Benzyl Amino Purine and Boron Application for Improving Production and Quality of True Shallots Seed (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) in Highlands. The use of bulb for propagation material of shallots has several problems including unavailability of quality seeds, low productivity, and expensive. One of the potential alternative technologies to be developed as seed is using true shallots seed (TSS). The aimed of research was to produce TSS in the highlands through increased flowering and pollen viability by using benzyl amino purine (BAP) and boron. The study was conducted at the Experimental Field, Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) in Lembang, West Java (altitude 1,250 m asl.), from August 2011 to February 2012. The factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consists of two factors, namely the application of BAP 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm and boron (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg/ha). Benzyl amino purine application was given three times at  1, 3, and 5 weeks after planting (WAP), and boron at  3, 5, and 7 WAP. The results showed that application of BAP improved flowering, pollen viability, and seed production of TSS but did not improve seed quality, while boron application effectively increased all variables including the seed quality of TSS. The efficient concentration of BAP to improve TSS seed weight per plot was 37.5 ppm, while the optimum concentration of boron to improve TSS seed production with the good seed quality (according to the certification standards of seed quality) was 2.88 kg/ha. The yield obtained in the treatment of boron gave an increase of 165.69% compared to the control. The results provide information about TSS production techniques that can be developed to produce  the high seed quality of TSS.
Respons Pertumbuhan, Hasil Umbi, dan Serapan Hara NPK Tanaman Bawang Merah terhadap Berbagai Dosis Pemupukan NPK pada Tanah Alluvial Sumarni, Nani; Rosliani, Rini; Basuki, Rofik Sinung
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 4 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Tanaman bawang merah memerlukan ketersediaan hara nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), dan kalium (K) dalam jumlah yang cukup dan berimbang di dalam tanah untuk dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi secara optimal. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kebutuhan pupuk N, P, dan K optimum untuk dua varietas bawang merah pada jenis tanah Alluvial. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan di daerah Ciledug-Cirebon (Jawa Barat), dari Bulan Juli sampai dengan Oktober 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah petak terpisah dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah varietas bawang merah, terdiri atas varietas Bima Curut dan Bangkok. Anak petak yaitu dosis pupuk N, P, dan K, terdiri atas 11 kombinasi dosis N-P2O5-K2O yang disusun secara terpusat (central design). Kisaran dosis pupuk yaitu 0–270 kg/ha N, 0–180 kg/ha P2O5, dan 0–180 kg/ha K2O. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara varietas dan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan serapan NPK tanaman bawang merah, sedangkan hasil umbi bawang merah dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara varietas dan dosis pupuk NPK. Dosis pupuk N, P, dan K optimum untuk varietas Bima Curut ialah 146 kg/ha N, 111 kg/ha P2O5, dan 100 kg/ha K2O dengan tingkat hasil umbi kering eskip rerata 25,77 t/ha, sedangkan dosis pupuk N, P, dan K optimum untuk varietas Bangkok ialah 248 kg/ha N, 98 kg/ha P2O5, dan 103 kg/ha K2O dengan tingkat hasil umbi kering eskip rerata 35,44 t/ha. Untuk menghasilkan hasil umbi kering eskip maksimum, varietas Bima Curut  menyerap 64,26 kg/ha N, 18,03 kg/ha P2O5, dan 123,39 kg/ha K2O yang diperoleh dengan pemberian pupuk sebanyak 180 kg/ha N, 120 kg/ha P2O5, dan 60 kg/ha K2O, sedangkan varietas Bangkok  menyerap 69,65 kg/ha N, 22,88 kg/ha P2O5, dan 149 kg/ha K2O yang diperoleh dengan pemberian pupuk sebanyak 270 kg/ha N, 120 kg/ha P2O5, dan 120 kg/ha K2O. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan pupuk NPK dan hasil umbi bawang merah. Shallots plants need balance of NPK nutrient supply in soil to get optimally plant growth and bulb yield. This experiment was conducted at a farmer field in Ciledug-Cirebon, West Java Province, from July until October 2009. The objective of this experiment was to find out the optimum dosage of NPK fertilizer application for two shallots varieties on Alluvial soil type. A split plot design with three replications was used. Two shallots varieties (Bima Curut and Bangkok) were assigned to main plot, and 11 combinations of N-P2O5-K2O dosages were assigned to subplot. The range of N, P, and K dosages were 0–270 kg/ha N, 0–180 kg/ha P2O5, and 0-180 kg/ha K2O. The results revealed that there were no interaction between varieties and NPK dosages on plant growth and NPK uptake by shallots plant. But both shallots varieties of Bima Curut and Bangkok gave different response to NPK fertilization, expressed by dry bulb yield. The optimum dosage of NPK for Bima Curut variety was146 kg/ha N, 111 kg/ha P2O5, and 100 kg/ha K2O that gave dry bulb yield of 25.77 t/ha, while the optimum dosage of NPK for Bangkok variety was 248 kg/ha N, 98 kg/ha P2O5, and 103 kg/ha K2O that gave dry bulb yield of 35,44 t/ha. To get the maximum yield of dry bulb weight, Bima Curut variety absorbed 64.26 kg/ha N, 18.03 kg/ha P2O5, and 123.39 kg/ha K2O which obtained by applying of 180 kg/ha N, 120 kg/ha P2O5, and 60 kg/ha K2O, while  Bangkok variety absorbed 69.65 kg/ha N, 22.88 kg/ha P2O5, and 149 kg/ha K2O which obtained by applying of 270 kg/ha N, 120 kg/ha P2O5, and 120 kg/ha K2O. The results can be applied to increase the efficiency of NPK fertilizer for growing shallots on Alluvial soil type.
Pengelolaan Fisik, Kimia, dan Biologi Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Kesuburan Lahan dan Hasil Cabai Merah Sumarni, Nani; Rosliani, Rini; Duriat, Ati Srie
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.250 mdpl.) dengan jenis tanah Andisol, dari bulan Juni 2004-Januari 2005. Tujuan percobaan adalah mengetahui pengaruhpemberian zeolit, jenis pupuk kandang, dan dosis NPK terhadap kesuburan tanah dan hasil cabai merah varietas Tanjung1. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri ataspemberian zeolit (0 dan 500 kg/ha), jenis pupuk kandang (kuda, sapi, dan ayam) masing-masing 20 t/ha, dan dosis NPK15-15-15 (250, 500, 750, dan 1.000 kg/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara perlakuanzeolit, jenis pupuk kandang, dan dosis NPK 15-15-15 terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah. Pemberian zeolit500 kg/ha tidak berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah, begitu pula terhadap pertumbuhan danhasil cabai. Jenis pupuk kandang yang berbeda pada tingkat dosis yang sama (20 t/ha) tidak berpengaruh terhadappertumbuhan dan hasil cabai. Jenis pupuk kandang yang paling baik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah adalahpupuk kandang ayam. Pengurangan dosis pupuk NPK 15-15-15 dari 1.000 kg/ha menjadi 250 kg/ha tidak menurunkanhasil cabai merah secara nyata. Pemberian pupuk kandang perlu diberikan setiap kali bertanam, tetapi pupuk NPKtidak perlu diberikan secara berlebihan, agar produktivitas lahan dapat dipertahankan.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N., R. Rosliani, and A.S. Duriat. 2010. Physical, Chemical, and Biological SoilManagement to Increase Soil Fertility and Hot Pepper Yield. The experiment was conducted at the ExperimentalGarden of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute-Lembang (1,250 m asl.) on Andisol soil type from June 2004 upto January 2005. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of zeolite, stable manure, and NPK fertilizerapplications on soil fertility and hot pepper cv. Tanjung 1 yield. The treatments were set up in a factorial randomizedblock design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three factors, viz. (1) zeolite (0 and 500 kg/ha), (2)kinds of stable manure (horse, cow, and chicken manures) 20 t/ha respectively, and (3) NPK 15-15-15 (250, 500,750, and 1,000 kg/ha). The results indicated that there were no interaction effects between zeolite, stable manure, andNPK 15-15-15 on the growth and yield of hot pepper. Application of zeolite 500 kg/ha did not significantly affect thephysical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil. It also did not affect on the growth and yield of hot pepper.The physical, chemical, and biological conditions of soil were not affected by the kinds of stable manure. But chickenmanure application gave the highest yield of hot pepper. Decreasing of NPK 15-15-15 dosages from 1,000 to 250 kg/ha did not significantly affect on the yield of hot pepper. Applying of stable manure (organic fertilizer) and adequatedosage of NPK fertilizer was necessary for each planting season to maintain the soil productivity
Pengaruh Cara Pengolahan Tanah dan Tanaman Kacang-kacangan sebagai Tanaman Penutup Tanah terhadap Kesuburan Tanah dan Hasil Kubis di Dataran Tinggi Rosliani, Rini; Sumarni, Nani; Sulastrini, Ineu
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK.  Kubis umumnya dibudidayakan secara intensif di dataran tinggi.  Penanaman kubis secara terus menerus menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan produktivitas lahan dan tanaman.  Untuk mempertahankan keberlanjutan produksi, maka budidaya sayuran harus dilakukan dengan cara yang dapat mengurangi terjadinya penurunan produktivitas lahan.  Percobaan dilaksanakan di dataran tinggi Pangalengan, mulai bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2005.  Tujuan percobaan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh cara pengolahan tanah dan penggunaan tanaman kacang-kacangan sebagai tanaman penutup tanah terhadap kesuburan tanah serta hasil tanaman kubis di dataran tinggi.  Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi cara pengolahan tanah (minimum/barisan dan konvensional) sebagai petak utama dan penanaman kubis dengan tanaman kacang-kacangan (kacang buncis tegak, kacang merah, dan kacang tanah) sebagai penutup tanah dan mulsa plastik hitam (kontrol) sebagai anak petak. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan pengolahan tanah minimum/barisan mempunyai sifat kimia dan fisik  tanah cenderung tidak berbeda nyata dengan pengolahan tanah konvensional. Tanaman penutup tanah dari jenis tanaman kacang-kacangan mempunyai residu hara (C organik dan P total tanah) dan populasi mikroba tanah serta pertumbuhan dan hasil kubis yang lebih baik daripada penggunaan mulsa plastik, meskipun untuk fisik tanah tidak ada perbedaan.  Jadi, tanaman kacang-kacangan sebagai tanaman penutup tanah yang ditumpangsarikan dengan tanaman kubis dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki kesuburan tanah dan hasil tanaman kubis.  Pengolahan tanah minimum dan penggunaan tanaman kacang-kacangan yang ditumpangsarikan pada tanaman kubis merupakan cara pengelolaan lahan dan tanaman yang efisien untuk mempertahankan produktivitas lahan dan tanaman kubis.ABSTRACT.  Rosliani, R., N. Sumarni, and I. Sulastrini. 2010. The Effect of Tillage Methods and Legumes as  Cover Crops on Soil Fertility and Yield of Cabbage on Highland. Generally vegetable crops such as cabbage is cultivated intensively on the highland area.  Cultivating vegetable crops continuously all year round can cause decreasing crop and soil productivity. To maintain sustainable production, therefore, vegetable cultivation practices should be done in a way that reduce land degradation. The experiment was conducted at farmer‘s field, Pangalengan from August to December 2005. The objective of the experiment was to find out the effect of tillage method and legumes cover crop to improve soil fertility and yield of cabbage on highland. A split plot design with four replicates was used.  The main plot was tillage method, i.e. minimum (strip) tillage and conventional tillage.  While the subplot was legumes cover crops, i.e stringbean, redbean, and plastic mulch as control. The results showed that minimum tillage did not significantly different to conventional tillage on soil chemical and physical properties, growth, and yield of cabbage.  The cover crops of  leguminose had better nutrient residual (C organic and P soil), population of soil microbial, growth, and yield of cabbage than application of plastic mulch, but did not significantly different on soil physics. Therefore, legumes cover crops could be used for improving soil fertility and yield of cabbage. Minimum tillage and application of  leguminose multiplecrop on cabbage was the efficient methods of crop and soil management  for maintaining crop and land productivity of cabbage in the highland.
Pengaruh Naungan Plastik Transparan, Kerapatan Tanaman, dan Dosis N terhadap Produksi Umbi Bibit Asal Biji Bawang Merah Sumarni, Nani; Rosliani, Rini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Bawang merah dapat dibudidayakan menggunakan umbi bibit atau biji botani (TSS). Dari biji TSS dapat diproduksi umbi bibit mini (set), yang menghasilkan tanaman lebih sehat dan kualitas hasil umbi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan umbi bibit asal umbi (cara konvensional). Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi produksi umbi mini asal biji TSS, antara lain kerapatan tanaman, pemupukan N, dan naungan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan naungan, kerapatan tanaman, dan dosis N yang sesuai untuk produksi umbi bibit asal biji bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.250 m dpl.) dengan jenis tanah Andisol, dari bulan Oktober 2005 sampai Februari 2006. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan dan tiga faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah naungan, terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu naungan plastik transparan digunakan dari awal semai biji sampai panen umbi, naungan plastik transparan digunakan dari awal semai biji sampai tanaman berumur enam minggu, dan tanpa naungan. Faktor kedua adalah kerapatan tanaman, terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 4, 6, dan 8 g biji/m2. Faktor ketiga adalah dosis pupuk N, terdiri atas dua taraf yaitu 45 dan 90 kg N/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa naungan dan kerapatan tanaman berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi bawang merah asal biji, sedang pemberian 45 dan 90 kg N/ha tidak memberikan perbedaan pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi bawang merah yang nyata. Hasil bobot umbi kering eskip tertinggi sebesar 2,54 kg/m2 diperoleh dari penggunaan naungan plastik transparan sejak awal biji disemai sampai panen yang dikombinasikan dengan kerapatan tanaman 8 g biji/m2 dan dosis 45 kg N/ha. Hasil bobot umbi tersebut lebih dari 70% berukuran umbi konsumsi  (>5 g/umbi), sisanya berukuran umbi bibit (3-5 g/umbi). Umbi bibit mini (<2 g/umbi) tidak dihasilkan. Teknologi ini diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil dan kualitas hasil umbi bibit bawang merahABSTRACT. Sumarni, N. and R. Rosliani. 2010. The Effect of Transparent Plastic Shelter, Plant Density, and N Dosages on Shallots Seed Production from True Shallots Seed (TSS). Shallots can be cultivated by using bulb seed or TSS. Planting materials from TSS could produce mini bulb seeds which finally gave healthier shallots plant with high quality of bulb yield than that of from bulbs (conventional method). Several factors affected the yield of mini bulb shallots seed, among other thing are plant density, N fertilization, and the application of transparent plastic shading. The objective of this experiment was to find out the effect of plastic shelter, plant density, and N dosage to produce shallot bulb seeds from TSS. The research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute Lembang (1,250 m asl.) on Andisol type soil from October 2005 to February 2006. The treatments were set up in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments comprised of three factors. The first factor was application of transparent plastic shelter with three levels, viz. (1) transparent  plastic shelter from the beginning of seeds sowing (direct seeded) up to harvest the shallots seed, (2) transparent plastic shelter from the beginning of direct seeded up to six weeks, and (3) without shelter (control). The second factor was the plant density comprised of three levels, viz : 4, 6, and 8 g/m2 of TSS. The third factor was the dosages of N fertilizer with two levels, viz : 45 and 90 kg N/ha. The results showed that the application of transparent plastic shelter and plant density significantly affected the plant growth and shallots seed yield. Application of N fertilizer of 45 to 90 kg N/ha did not significantly affect plant growth  and shallots seed yield eventually. The highest yield of shallots seed, viz. 2.54 kg/m2 was gained from the application of transparent plastic shelter from the beginning of sowing untill harvest with plant density of 8 g/m2 of TSS and 45 kg N/ha, with more than 70% bulb size for consumption (>5 g/bulb), and the rest  17 to 20% bulb size for seed (3 to 5 g/bulb). No mini bulb shallots seed (<2 g/bulb) was produced. This technique was quite promising and potential for increasing yield and bulb quality of shallots seed.
Pengaruh Pembenaman Residu Tanaman Penutup Tanah Kacang-kacangan dan Mulsa Jerami terhadap Hasil Cabai Merah dan Kesuburan Tanah Andisol Sumarni, Nani; Rosliani, Rini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (BALITSA) Lembang,dari bulan November 2004-Maret 2005. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh residu tanaman penutup tanahkacang-kacangan dan mulsa jerami yang dibenamkan ke dalam tanah terhadap hasil cabai merah dan kesuburan tanahAndisol Lembang. Rancangan percobaan digunakan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas 9 perlakuanpembenaman residu-residu tanaman kacang tanah, kacang jogo, dan mulsa jerami, serta 1 perlakuan pemberian pupukkandang sebagai kontrol. Pada semua perlakuan (kecuali kontrol) ditanami kembali kacang tanah dengan jarak tanam50 x 30 cm sebagai tanaman penutup tanah. Tanaman cabai merah varietas Hot Beauty ditanam pada petak-petakpercobaan dengan jarak tanam 50 x 60 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian residu-residu kacang tanah,kacang jogo, mulsa jerami, dan pemberian pupuk kandang tidak berbeda nyata pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhandan hasil cabai merah, serta kesuburan tanah Andisol Lembang. Pembenaman residu tanaman penutup tanah kacangtanah sebanyak 7 t/ha + residu mulsa jerami 5 t/ha dengan penanaman kembali kacang tanah sebagai tanaman penutuptanah merupakan perlakuan paling baik untuk memelihara kesuburan tanah Andisol-Lembang dan hasil cabai merah.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N. and R. Rosliani. 2009. The Effect of Buried Leguminosae Cover Crops and RiceStraw Mulch Residues in the Soil on the Yield of Hot Pepper and Fertility of Andisol Soil. This experiment wasconducted at Experimental Garden of Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from November 2004 until March2005. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of leguminosae cover crops and rice straw mulchresidues which were buried in the soil on yield of hot pepper and fertility of Andisol soil-Lembang. A randomized blockdesign with 3 replications was used in this experiment. The treatments were 9 buried cover crop residues, consistedof peanut, red bean, and rice straw mulch, and 1 treatment of stable manure as a control. Peanut cover crops withplanting distance of 50 x 30 cm were replanted in all experimental plots (except control). Hot pepper var. Hot Beautywas used in this experiment with planting distance of 60 x 50 cm. The results showed that the buried residues of peanutcrops, red bean crops, rice straw mulch, and stable manure application did not significantly affect the growth and yieldof hot pepper, and fertility of Andisol soil. Peanut cover crops residue 7 t/ha + rice straw mulch residue 5 t/ha, withreplanted peanut crop as cover crops was the best treatment to maintain fertility of Andisol soil and yield of hot pepper.
Pemanfaatan Mikoriza, Bahan Organik, dan Fosfat Alam terhadap Hasil, Serapan Hara Tanaman Mentimun, dan Sifat Kimia pada Tanah Masam Ultisol Rosliani, Rini; Hilman, Yusdar; Sumarni, Nani
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan petani di daerah Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Jenis tanah Ultisol dengankandungan P rendah dan karakteristik fisik yang buruk. Tujuan percobaan adalah mempelajari pengaruh inokulasicendawan mikoriza arbuskula, penyediaan bahan organik dari pupuk kandang domba, dan dosis fosfat alam terhadapserapan P oleh tanaman, hasil mentimun, dan kandungan hara tanah masam Ultisols. Penelitian dilaksanakan daribulan Juli sampai Oktober 2004. Perlakuan terdiri atas 3 dosis fosfat alam, pupuk kandang domba, dan inokulasimikoriza. Kombinasi perlakuan seluruhnya ada 12 dengan 3 ulangan yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompokfaktorial. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang domba meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaanfosfat alam, bobot buah, dan serapan hara. Interaksi antara mikoriza dengan pupuk P dan bahan organik denganpupuk P berpengaruh nyata terhadap serapan P. Tanpa pupuk kandang domba maupun tanpa mikoriza, dosis P yangdibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan buah mentimun adalah 200 kg P2O5 /ha, sedangkan dengan pupuk kandang dombamaupun dengan mikoriza dosis P yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan buah mentimun yang sama hanya 100 kgP2O5 /ha dan kombinasi perlakuan tersebut meningkatkan ketersediaan P tanah. Inokulasi mikoriza tanpa bahanorganik menurunkan pH tanah. Penggunaan fosfat alam pada dosis tinggi dengan adanya bahan organik meningkatkansenyawa Ca-P pada tanah Ultisols. Teknologi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini sangat berguna untuk pengembangantanaman sayuran pada tanah-tanah masam atau lahan marginal seperti Ultisols.ABSTRACT. Rosliani, R. , Y. Hilman, and N. Sumarni. 2009. The Effect of Rock Phosphate Fertilizer and SheepManure Application, and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi Inoculation on the Growth and Yield of Cucumberin Ultisol Acid Soil. The experiment was conducted at the farmer field in Lebak District of Banten Province. Thesoil was Ultisols with low available P and poor physical property. The objectives of this experiment was to study theeffect of rock phosphate and sheep manure application, and arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi inoculation on the growth,P uptake, and yield of cucumber in acid soil. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of rock phosphate, 2 levels of sheepmanure, and 2 levels of mycorrhizae inoculation. All treatment combinations were arranged in factorial randomizedblock design with 3 replications. The results showed that sheep manure supply could increased the efficiency ofrock phosphate application, growth, yield of cucumber, and nutrient uptake. The effect of mycorrhizae inoculationwas more clear when accompanied by sheep manure supply. Interaction of sheep manure and rock phosphate ormycorrhizae inoculation and rock phosphate significantly increased P uptake. Without sheep manure supply andwithout mycorrhizae inoculation, 200 kg P2O5/ha of rock phosphate was needed compare with sheep manure supplyand mycorrhizae inoculation, which only required 100 kg P2O5/ha of rock phosphate to reach the same productivity ofcucumber fruit, and these treatment combination P availability were also increased. Mycorrhizae inoculation withoutsheep manure could decrease the soil pH. Rock phosphate at high dosage with sheep manure could increase Ca-Pon Ultisols acid soil. The results of the experiment could be benefit for the development of vegetables on acid soilsor marginal land such as Ultisols.
Status Hara Fosfat dan Kalium di Sentra Sayuran Dataran Rendah Hilman, Yusdar; Sutapradja, Holil; Rosliani, Rini; Suryono, Y
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 1 (2008): Maret 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Data dasar status hara khususnya P dan K di sentra produksi tanaman sayuran khususnya di dataran rendah lahan kering belum tersedia, sedangkan data tersebut sangat diperlukan sebagai dasar untuk menentukan rekomendasi penggunaan pupuk. Selama ini rekomendasi penggunaan pupuk diperoleh dari percobaan dosis pupuk dan bukan didasarkan pada analisis hara tanah yang bersangkutan dan respons tanaman terhadap penggunaan pupuk sehingga hasil yang diperoleh tidak komprehensif. Informasi status hara P dan K pada sayuran diperoleh dengan membuat peta sebaran status hara P dan K pada beberapa lokasi. Untuk tahap awal, data status hara P dan K tersebut dihimpun dalam peta semidetail dengan skala 1:100.000 di mana setiap cm2 unit peta mewakili areal seluas 25 ha dengan jarak observasi di lapangan setiap 500 m.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat dari bulan Juli sampai September 2003, menggunakan metode survei. Tujuan penelitian adalah (i) membuat peta status hara P dan K lahan dengan skala 1:100.000 dan (ii) menyediakan data sebaran status hara P dan K di sentra produksi sayuran dataran rendah sebagai informasi dasar dalam pembuatan rekomendasi pupuk P dan K. Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan berdasarkan peta status hara P seluas 1.365,03 ha termasuk kategori sangat rendah, 3.395,37 ha rendah, 21.248,71 ha sedang, dan 13.978,87 ha tinggi, sedangkan peta status hara K adalah 6.337,79 ha termasuk kategori sangat rendah, 12.768,03 ha rendah, 17.243,78 ha sedang, dan 3.638,39 ha tinggi.ABSTRACT. Hilman, Y., H. Sutapradja, R. Rosliani, and Y. Suryono. 2008. The Status of Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient at Production Centre of Lowland Vegetables.Database of nutrient status of P and K in vegetable production area especially in dry lowland was not available yet, while these data was highly needed as a base for determining recommended dosage for fertilization. Until now, fertilization recommendation on vegetable was merely obtained from fertilizer dose experiment and did not rely on the soil nutrient status and crop response to fertilizer used, so that the results obtained from that experiment was not comprehensive. The study on the status of phosphorus and potassium nutrient in the lowland vegetables was conducted at Bogor, West Java from July to September 2003 using survey method. Information on the nutrient status of P and K in vegetable growing areas in this study can be obtained by making map of P and K distribution. For the first step, information of these P and K status was obtained from semi-detail map at the scale of 1:100.000 where each cm2 of map unit represented the area of 25 ha with the field observation distance of 500 m. The objective of this study was (i) to make the map of P and K nutrient status in lowland vegetable production areas at the scale of 1: 100.000 and (ii) to survey data of P and K nutrient status in lowland vegetable areas as database information in making recommendation of P and K fertilization.Results of mapping indicated that land area based on P nutritional status was categorized as follows:1,365.03 ha very low; 3,395.37 ha low; 21,248.71 ha moderate, and 13,978.87 ha high, while for K nutritional status of 6,337.79 ha very low; 12,768.03 ha low; 17,243.78 ha moderate; and 3,638.39 ha high.
Respons Tanaman Mentimun terhadap Penggunaan Tanaman Penutup Tanah Kacang-kacangan dan Mulsa Jerami Sumarni, Nani; Sumiati, Ety; Rosliani, Rini
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 19, No 3 (2009): September 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, dari bulan Juli-Oktober 2004. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan jenis dan kerapatan tanaman penutup tanah dan mulsa organikpaling baik untuk meningkatkan hasil mentimun dan kesuburan lahan Andisol, Lembang. Rancangan percobaan yangdigunakan adalah strip plot design dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu mulsa organik (tanpa dandengan mulsa jerami sebanyak 5 t/ha), serta jenis dan kerapatan tanaman penutup tanah (tanpa tanaman penutuptanah, kacang tanah dengan jarak tanam 50x30 cm, kacang tanah dengan jarak tanam 50x15 cm, kacang jogo denganjarak tanam 50x30 cm, dan kacang jogo dengan jarak tanam 50x15 cm). Tanaman mentimun ditanam di antara 2baris tanaman penutup tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara tanaman penutuptanah dan mulsa jerami terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil mentimun. Mulsa jerami tidak nyata berpengaruh terhadappertumbuhan dan hasil mentimun, sedangkan jenis dan kerapatan tanaman penutup tanah nyata berpengaruh terhadappertumbuhan dan hasil mentimun. Kacang tanah tumbuh menutupi permukaan tanah lebih lambat daripada kacangjogo. Namun kacang tanah dengan kerapatan 50x30 cm merupakan tanaman penutup tanah yang paling baik karenamenghasilkan sisa tanaman (bahan organik) lebih banyak dan tidak menurunkan pertumbuhan dan hasil mentimun.Pembenaman sisa tanaman penutup tanah dan mulsa organik 1 bulan setelah panen mentimun, banyak berpengaruhterhadap kesuburan kimia tanah Andisol.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N., E. Sumiati, and R. Rosliani. 2009. Responses of Cucumber to Application ofLeguminosae Cover Crops and Rice Straw Mulch. The experiment was laid in a strip plot design with 3 replications.The research was aimed to find out kind and density of Leguminosae cover crops and rice straw mulch to improve soilfertility of Andisol soil Lembang and increase the yield of cucumber. The treatments consisted of 2 factors. The firstfactor was organic mulch viz: without mulch and with rice straw mulch (5 t/ha). The second factor was the combinationof kinds and densities of cover crops, viz: without cover crop, peanut cover crop (50x30 cm), peanut cover crop(50x15 cm), red bean cover crop (50x30 cm), and red bean cover crop (50x15 cm). Cucumber were planted between2 rows of cover crops. The results revealed that there were no interaction effect between cover crops and organicmulch on soil fertility and cucumber yield. Independently, plant growth and yield of cucumber were not affected byrice straw mulch. Whereas, kinds and densities of cover crops affected plant growth and yield of cucumber. Peanutgrew slower than red bean in covering soil surface. However, peanut cover crops with 50 x 30 cm planting distance,was better than other treatments. It did not affect plant growth and cucumber yield, and it provided more plant residue(organic matter) on soil surface. Burrying the residues of cover crops and rice straw mulch 1 month after harvestingcucumber could improve chemical characteristics of Andisol soils.
Co-Authors - Suwandi A. Hidayat Ati Srie Duriat Azis Azirin Asandi Aziz Azirin Asandhi Endang Sulistyaningsih ER Palupi Ety Sumiati Holil Sutapradja Ineu Sulastrini Nani Sumarni Rofik Sinung Basuki Y Suryono Yusdar Hilman