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ASSOCIATION OF MICROSATELLITE GENETIC DIVERSITY WITH GROWTH RELATED TRAITS IN THE BASE POPULATION OF AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus, BREEDING PROGRAM Imron Imron; Bambang Iswanto; Narita Syawalia Ridzwan; Rommy Suprapto; Huria Marnis
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2015): (June 2015)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Genetic diversity at molecular level has been assumed to correlate with fitness related traits. However, accumulating evidences showed that the nature of that correlation has been variable. This study was aimed to explore the nature and possible mechanisms underlying that correlation by focusing on growth related traits in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus using microsatellite molecular markers. Fifty individual African catfish of 110 days-old were sampled and subjected to both morphological and molecular analyses. The standard length, total length and body weight as well as allelic scores of six microsatellite loci were measured on each individual. Indices of microsatellite diversity, namely individual multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) and mean microsatellite allelic distance (mean d2) for individual level, and mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and single-locus heterozygosity (ho) for group level, were correlated to those traits using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The Hardy Weinberg and linkage disequilibrium were carried out to explore the possible mechanisms underlying correlation. The results showed that at individual level the MLH and mean d2 were weakly correlated with standard length, (r=0.25, p<0.05) and (r=0.24, p<0.05), respectively. At group level, Ho was correlated with both standard and total length (r=0.99, p<0.05) while ho identified two loci, Cga03 and Cga06 significantly contributed to the correlation. Combining all relevant information, present study identified associative overdominance, both local effect and general effect hypotheses might responsible for the observed correlations.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822) STRAINS INTRODUCED TO INDONESIA Bambang Iswanto; Imron Imron; Rommy Suprapto; Huria Marnis
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2015): (December 2015)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) has become a great important species in Indonesian aquaculture. Several strains of the African catfish have been introduced to Indonesia for aquaculture purposes, initiated by Dumbo strain from Taiwan in 1985, followed by Paiton strain from Thailand in 1998, then Egypt strain from Egypt in 2007, Masamo strain from Thailand in 2010 and later Kenya strain from Kenya in 2011. Since its introductions, there were no reports yet on their characterization studies. The present study was conducted to morphologically characterize the strains of African catfish introduced to Indonesia, i.e. Dumbo, Paiton, Egypt, Masamo, and Kenya strains. Morphometric and meristic data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis. Results of the morphometric characterization in the present study revealed that Dumbo, Paiton, Masamo, and Kenya strains were indistinguishable, while morphometric characteristic of Egypt strain was more or less different from those of the other strains. On the other hand, results of the meristic characterization suggested that meristic characteristics of all strains of the introduced African catfish were not different from each other. Therefore, to keep the genetic purity of those introduced strains, they should be properly maintained in isolated places.

DETECTION, TRANSMISSION, AND EXPRESSION cDNA GROWTH HORMONE GENE (PhGH) OF STRIPPED CATFISH IN F-1 TRANSGENIC AFRICAN CATFISH Huria Marnis; Bambang Iswanto; Rommy Suprapto; Imron Imron; Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2014): (December 2014)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

In previous study, the fast growth transgenic founder of African catfish was produced harboring a growth hormone (GH) gene construct containing a stripped catfish growth hormone (PhGH) cDNA. This study was conducted to investigate transgene (PhGH) transmission and expression in F-1 transgenic African catfish. The transgenic founders (female) were crossed with non-transgenic (male) to produce heterozygous F-1 progeny. PhGH gene was detected in the embryo, larvae, and seed of the transgenic F-1 using PCR method. Expression levels of transgene in embryo and larvae were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. The transgene was detected in embryo, larvae and seed of F-1 transgenic African catfish. Founder could transmit PhGH gene to transgenic F-1 lines in ranged 36% to 48%. Expression level of Phgh gene in embryo was higher than that of the larvae; whereas in the embryo was 1.5 x 105 - 5.2 x 105 copies or 0.49-9.82 fold, while in the larvae was 1.1 x 105 - 2.5 x 105copies or 0.19-5.80 fold.

EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF A RED STRAIN OF THE EGYPTIAN AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) Bambang Iswanto; Imron Imron; Rommy Suprapto; Huria Marnis
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2015): (June 2015)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Egyptian African catfish is one of several African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) strains introduced to Indonesia. Several breeding activities using that strain in Sukamandi resulted in some individuals with redish-yellow body colour (a red strain). Biological informations related to aquacultural aspects of that red strain were still scarce. The present study aimed to elucidate the embryonic and larval developments of the red strain compared to those of the black (normal coloured) one, using the progenies obtained from artificial spawning of each red and black coloured brooders. Results of the present study revealed that embryonic developments of the red and black strains were similar. Their larval development were also quite similar, however, both larvae could be distinguished based on the pigmentation. The red strain larvae were golden-red-yellowish in colour, while the black strain larvae were greyish covered with dense melanophores. Total length of the red strain larvae tended to be lower than those of the black strain.

THE DYNAMICS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THREE GENERATIONS OF MASS SELECTION FOR FAST GROWTH IN AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus ASSESSED BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS Imron Imron; Bambang Iswanto; Huria Marnis; Rommy Suprapto; Narita Syawalia Ridzwan
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2015): (December 2015)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Selective breeding aiming at improving the performance of economically important traits acts by exploiting population’s phenotypic variance. Due to the relationship between phenotype and genotype, selection on phenotype may also affect the profile of genotype. This study was aimed to monitor the impact of three generations of mass selection for fast growth in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, on genetic variability, assessed by microsatellite. A total of 350 fish representing four populations, namely a composite base population (G-0), selected lines of the first generation (G-1) to the third generation (G-3), were sampled. The samples were screened for their genetic diversity using five microsatellite loci1 namely cga01, cga02, cga03, cga05, and cga09. Several genetic parameters including number of allele (A), allelic richness (AR), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, and fixation index (Fis) were evaluated. The results showed that there was a slight increase in the value of diversity indices in the G-1 relative to the G-0 and to the other two generations. Among these parameters, the number of allele seemed to be the most sensitive parameter in detecting genetic changes. All populations experienced heterozygote deficit and positive fixation index indicating the phenomena of inbreeding. Overall, selection for growth for three generations in African catfish breeding program resulted in significant genetic differentiation between populations. Further, the level of genetic differentiation seemed to accumulate along with the number of generaton in breeding program. However, selection did not result in a decline in genetic diversity within population. A relatively short period of the program, along with the use a high number of broodstock (mating pairs) to produce each generation seems to be able to maintain the stability of genetic diversity of the population.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXPRESSION OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasionodon hypophtalmus) GROWTH HORMONE GENE (PhGH) IN THE ORGAN OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) TRANSGENIC FOUNDER Huria Marnis; Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi; Imron Imron; Bambang Iswanto
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2012): (June 2012)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Faster growing African catfish can be produced by transgenesis. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and expression of growth hormone gene (PhGH) in various organs of the transgenic African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) founder (F0). Transgene was detected using the PCR method in various organs, namely pituitary, brain, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, intestine, stomach, muscle, caudal fin, gill and eye. Transgene expression levels were analyzed using the method of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), -actin gene used as internal controls. The results showed that the PhGH was detected and expressed in all organs of the transgenic African catfish founder. The high level of PhGH expression was found in the liver, pituitary, intestine and brain; smaller amounts were detectable in muscle, spleen, kidneys, heart, and stomach, caudal fin, gill and eyes, range from 0.02-0.75 PhGH/-actin mRNA. The expression levels of PhGH had positive correlation with tissue and body size (P<0.05).

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