Nunak Nafiqoh
Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluhan Perikanan

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STRESS RESPONSES OF THREE SPECIES OF CYPRINID: COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio), BONYLIP BARB (Osteochilus hasselty), AND TORSORO (Tor soro) SUBJECTED TO OXYGEN DEPLETION Wahyulia Cahyanti; Nunak Nafiqoh; Otong Zenal Arifin
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (June, 2021)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.16.1.2021.43-50

Abstract

Fish in stressed conditions will show symptoms of a decreased physiological function. These symptoms include changes in the respiration system (gills, breathing frequency) and blood hemoglobin. Cyprinid fish are active fish that require high oxygen levels. In a minimum oxygen condition, cyprinid fish are easy to get stressed. Despite the extensive literature on cyprinid biology, comparison of declined physiological functions due to oxygen depletion in cyprinid are few and far between. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological reactions and organ responses of three species of Cyprinidae, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti), and Torsoro carp (Tor soro) challenged to oxygen depletion. The study was conducted using 18 fishes for each species with an average body weight of 48.11 ± 4.24 g. Oxygen depletion challenge was done by placing the test fish in closed and non-aerated aquaria (40 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm). The dissolved oxygen level in each aquarium was measured every 30 minutes. Fish breathing frequency was calculated by the frequencies of mouth movement every 30 minutes. Histological examination of gills and blood was taken from healthy fish (at the beginning of treatment) and at LC50 (lethal concentration). The results showed that oxygen depletion reduced blood hemoglobin levels down to 5.1 ± 1.4 gram%, 3.3 ± 1.15 gram%, and 1.5 ± 0.71 gram% for goldfish, nilem, and torsoro, respectively. The respiratory rate varied from normal to depleted conditions. When depletion occurred, the respiratory rate increased and decreased again when the fish started to get weak. In normal conditions, the breathing frequency of goldfish was 60 beats/minute, nilem was 108 ± 20.8 beats/minute, and Tor soro was 144 ± 31.7 beats/minute. The highest respiration frequency occurred in tor soro fish in the 150th minute with a value of 216 ± 0.0 beats/minute. The fastest mortality at LC50% occurred in torsoro at 245.00 ± 17.32 minutes.
KOMBINASI SIRIH DAN KIPAHIT SEBAGAI IMUNOSTIMULAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT Streptococcosis PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) Nunak Nafiqoh; Septyan Andriyanto; Hessy Novita; Desy Sugiani; Taukhid Taukhid
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Maret, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.738 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.16.1.2021.39-47

Abstract

Serangan penyakit yang paling banyak ditemui menyerang kegiatan budidaya ikan nila adalah bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae sebagai salah satu agen penyakit Streptococcosis. Peningkatan sistem imun dari ikan yang dibudidayakan merupakan cara yang efektif untuk menanggulangi masalah tersebut. Salah satu fungsi tanaman obat adalah sebagai imunostimulan, di mana sistem imun akan meningkat terutama saat mengalami wabah penyakit ikan. Penelitian ini di tujukan untuk mengetahui efek penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak tanaman sirih dan kipahit dengan dosis yang berbeda terhadap respons imun bawaan dari ikan nila. Dosis yang digunakan adalah 1%, 2%, 4%, dan 8% per kg pakan pemberian pakan dilakukan selama empat minggu, diikuti dengan uji tantang menggunakan bakteri patogen S. agalactiae. Meskipun tidak terlihat perbedaan yang nyata, namun rerata respons imun hematokrit, eritrosit, leukosit, fagositik oksidase, dan lisosim pada kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan nilai yang yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perbedaan yang signifikan ditunjukkan oleh sintasan, di mana kelompok perlakuan mempunyai nilai sintasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil tersebut diduga disebabkan oleh kandungan bahan aktif yang terdapat dalam tanaman obat. Sehingga penggunaannya mampu bertindak sebagai sebagai upaya pencegahan dari infeksi bakteri patogen S. agalactiae. Perlu diketahui juga apakah kombinasi yang digunakan mampu bertindak untuk terapi (pengobatan).Streptococcosis disease in nile tilapia culture is caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, a bacterium commonly found in freshwater systems. Vaccines and probiotics have been used to prevent the disease outbreaks. However, increasing the innate immune system of cultured fish is more effective in preventing the disease. Medicinal plants have immunostimulant properties, which could be used as an alternative prevention measure against Streptococcosis. This research aimed to determine the effects of betel and kipahit combination as immunostimulant against S. agalactiae in nile tilapia. The combinations consisted of four different doses of 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8% of the plants’ extracts per kg of feed. Feeding experiment was carried out for four weeks, followed by a challenge test using the pathogenic bacteria S. agalactiae. Despite no observable significant differences, haematocrit, erythrocyte, leukocyte, phagocytic oxidase, and lysozyme in the treatment group showed higher values than the control. The treatment groups also had better survival rates than the control group. These results indicate the presence of active compounds within the medicinal plants. In conclusion, supplementation of the plants’ active compounds in feed has the potential as immunostimulant agents in tilapia to prevent Streptococcosis disease caused by pathogenic bacteria S. agalactiae. Determining the capability of this plant combination as a therapeutic agent against S. agalactiaeis an interesting future research direction to be pursued.